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EXERGEN EXERGEN EXERGEN EXERGEN EXERGEN DermaT emp 1001 Infrared Thermographic Scanner Unparalleled Accuracy . . .at the Speed of Light USER’S MANUAL AND REFERENCE BOOK.
T able of Contents I. The Instruments............................................................ 1 The Instruments’ Features................................................. 2 Optional Disposable Covers..............................................
I. The Instruments The DermaT emp is a high precision hand-held infrared thermographic scanner designed to detect the subtle skin temperature variations caused by underlying perfusion variations.
The Instruments Feature: • Full range resolution to 0.1°F/C • SCAN, MAX and/or MIN modes of operation, model specific • Fahrenheit/Celsius conversion • A 10-second display lock • An audible.
Contact vs. Non-Contact Measurements In using any infrared temperature device, closer is always better , as the field of view increases proportionately to the distance from the surface. Accordingly , for maximum accuracy the probe must contact the sur- face at the point of interest.
Operation and Controls The DermaT emp infrared thermographic scanner models 1001, 1001 LN, L T and RS are all identical in performance and specifications.
Operating Modes (Model Specific) • SCAN: In the SCAN mode, the target’s instantaneous tempera- ture is continuously displayed and updated 10 times per second for as long as you keep the button depressed. After the power button is released, the display will lock on the last temperature measured and hold that reading for 10 seconds.
Changing the Battery A standard 9-V olt alkaline battery will require replacement only once or twice per year under normal use. T o replace, loosen the four captive screws and remove the cover . Disconnect the old battery and replace with a new one in the same location.
Care and Maintenance Handling Y our DermaT emp is designed and built to industrial durability stan- dards in order to provide long and trouble-free service.
Continuous Double Beeping The battery voltage is also monitored. A low battery is indicated by a continuous double beep per second. T emperatures will con- tinue to be displayed as long as accuracy can be assured. If the battery drops below 5.7 volts, it is considered “dead” and the dis- play defaults to (——).
II. Body Surface T emperature History and Introduction As early as 2800 BC, the Egyptians, using the scanning sensitivity of the fingers over the surface of the body , recognized that the body pro- duces heat, and that heat increases with disease.
surface temperature and 3) they are prone to low readings because it is not always evident that the surface thermal connection is adequate. Body Surface T emperature Heat signatures vary considerably over the surface of the human body , and physicians have long appreciated the relationship be- tween heat and disease.
the human body is converted into heat, with the balance converted into external work or into tissue growth. The circulatory system, in addition to circulating blood for its metabolic characteristics also distributes heat, thus replacing the heat energy lost to the environment, as well as nour- ishing the tissue.
can be evaluated. With a proper temperature scale, measurements taken at different times or places can be compared. Without a ther- mometer , it would be impossible to measure the temperature of a hu- man with respect to a fixed scale of reference. Remember , the human test of temperature is relative to the detector .
was not a lot different: large and expensive, requiring environmentally controlled rooms, trained technicians, and exotic gases. T oday’s ad- vanced technology makes it possible to put the power of infrared ther- mography in the palm of your hand, at a fraction of the cost of all previ- ous techniques.
moregulatory response. Exposure to the sun or any other warm sur- face will raise the surface temperature. The user needs to be aware of these concepts and not be surprised in the event the temperature read- ings are not as expected.
Emissivity An important concept needed to understand how temperature is mea- sured using infrared radiation is the one of emissivity . Emissivity is a surface property which determines just how well an object’s tempera- ture can be measured by an infrared device.
ample, we saw 90% of the mirror as a perfect reflector and 10% as imperfections, 90% of the mirror would reflect; the remaining 10% would emit. Therefore, the emissivity equals 0.1. Consider for a moment the exact opposite of a perfect mirror , which is a perfect emitter .
17 Alice’ s Quest for Emissivity Is it possible to see a mirror? When the mirror is looked at, all other objects in the room ar e seen. Is it invisible? No, if it wer e, the wall would show behind it. So how can it be seen? If crayon spots ar e painted on the mirror , then the mirr or can be seen.
Correcting for Emissivity Automatically Biological tissue has high emissivity , i.e. ~0.95. Accordingly , the reflected compo- nent will be about 5% of the energy mea- sured by the DermaT emp, which translates to an abso- lute error of ~1°F (0.5°C).
bilateral symmetry . Skin temperature differences from one side of the body compared to the other are not only extremely small, but also very stable, and unaffected by the age of the patient. Data show dif ferences between sides at the forehead to be 0.
A striking example of perfusion effects can be demonstrated by com- promise of circulation to the arm. A complete or partial occlusion of the artery in the upper arm will result in an immediate drop in hand tem- perature, and detectable in less than 30 seconds from the time of oc- clusion.
sia, concluding skin temperature increase to be a useful indicator of sympathetic blockade, demonstrating that temperature elevation always preceded the upper limits of sensory blockade, and had a similar pat- tern of onset.
Digital Perfusion Assessment Levinsohn et al (1991) 1 demonstrated that the infrared method of as- sessing perfusion was as reliable as Doppler methods, but far less expensive, much faster , and easier to use.
tized or ecchymotic digits, calling the physician for significant changes. The technique is atraumatic, and avoids patient anxiety which produces unwanted peripheral vasoconstriction.
T emperature is an early indicator of foot problems in diabetic patients 5 . Long before any clinical manifestations, heat can be detected, and the more sensitive the detection instrument, the earlier the warning.. As a key indicator of complications from the disease, temperature has been incorporated into routine diabetic foot screening protocols.
Neonatal Skin T emperature The goal of neonatal thermal management is to establish an environ- ment of thermoneutrality in which the metabolic heat production re- quirement is minimal. Perlstein 14 indicates that both the core and sur- face temperature of the neonate are required to quantify the rate of heat loss.
Thermal Assessment of Skin Diseases and Allergy T emperature monitoring provides an objective assessment of skin dis- eases 2 as well as allergy and vasomotor tests 3 since most of the skin diseases, or the percutaneous injection of pharmacodynamic substances used for testing, generate significant changes in the thermal pattern of the skin.
T emperature Gradients in Detection of Shock T emperature monitoring of the gradient between forehead and sole tem- peratures has been demonstrated to provide early detection of masked symptoms during and after surgery .
• Bone Fractures • Diabetic Neuropathy • Oncology • Stress Fractures • Breast Cancer Screening • Diseases of Scrotum and/ or T esticles • Orthopedic Surgery • T rigger Points • Burn .
29 IV . References 1 Chambliss J. Case of traumatic femoral aneurism (sic) treated by digital compression- ligation afterwards of the external iliac artery . Confederate States Med Surg J, 1:97- 99,1864. 2 Coar T . The Aphorisms of Hippocrates with a Translation into Latin and English 88 (AJ V alpy , London 1822).
21 Most RS, Sinnock P . The epidemiology of lower extremity amputations in diabetic individuals. Diabetes Care, 6:87-91, 1983. 22 Bergtholdt HT . Thermography on insensitive limbs: Medical Thermography , Theory and Clinical Applications 69-79, ed Uematsu S, Brentwood Publishing Co.
V . Product Specifications Clinical Accuracy ± 0.2°F or 0.1°C T emperature Range 65 to 1 10°F (18 to 43°C) Operating Environment 60 to 1 10°F (16 to 43°C) Resolution 0.
Five Y ear W arranty Exergen Corporation warrants each new Exergen DermaT emp (ex- cept battery) against defects in materials or workmanship for a period of five years from the date of purchase, and agrees to repair or replace any defective product without charge.
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