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Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch User Guide Part No. 663096-001.
First edition December 1996 Copyright © 1996, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel Corporation, 5200 NE Elam Young Parkway, Hillsboro, OR 97124-6497 Intel Corporation assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this manual. Nor does Intel make any commitment to update the information contained herein.
iii Contents Quick Start 1 Chapter 1 Hardware Installation and Network Topology 3 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Installation and Setup .
iv CONTENT S Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch SNMP Commands .......................................................................................................................... 48 SNMP community strings .................................
1 Rubber feet for shelf or table placement. Brackets and screws for standard 19-inch equipment rack placement. Quick Start 1. Install the Express 10/100 Switch in a rack or on a shelf or table and plug the cord in.
2 (Optional) Quick Start for SNMP Management 4. Use the null-modem cable to connect the Console port to a COM port on a workstation. 5. Open a terminal emulation program (such as HyperTerminal in Microsoft Windows* 95). Use these communication parameters: • 9600 baud • 8 data bits • No parity • 1 stop bit • Xon/Xoff flow control 6.
3 Hardware Installation and Network Topology Overview The Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch features eight auto- negotiating 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX ports. Each port supports an Ethernet (10 Mbps) or Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) segment. The switch also has two slots for optional two-port media adapters (such as 100BASE-TX or 100BASE-FX).
4 CHAPTER 1 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Installation and Setup 1 Install the switch in a rack or on a shelf. For rack placement, connect the switch to a 19-inch rack using the enclosed rack mount brackets.
5 Hardware Installation and Network Topology CHAPTER 1 Using the Switch The switch requires minimal user intervention. It automatically learns the addresses of new devices as you connect them, and will relearn addresses dynamically if you reconfigure the network.
6 CHAPTER 1 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Flow Flow control. Lights whenever too much traffic is entering on a port. When this happens, the switch’s buffers fill and it’s forced to back pressure the traffic out to the segment for retransmission.
7 Hardware Installation and Network Topology CHAPTER 1 Cabling Requirements Incorrect cabling is often the cause of network configuration problems. It’s important that you understand cabling requirements before connecting devices to the switch.
8 CHAPTER 1 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Straight-through vs. crossover cables Ports on the switch are wired MDI-X so you can use a straight- through cable when connecting to a workstation or server (adapter cards are wired MDI). For direct connection to another MDI-X port (most hubs and some switches), you must use a crossover cable.
9 Hardware Installation and Network Topology CHAPTER 1 Determining which cable to use Different switch and repeater manufacturers implement their port configurations differently.
10 CHAPTER 1 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Typical Configurations Configuring the mixed 10 and 100 Mbps workgroup environment In the mixed 10 and 100 Mbps environment, workgroup clients should be connected to a hubs such as the Intel Express 10/100BASE-TX Stackable Hub.
11 Hardware Installation and Network Topology CHAPTER 1 Configuration guidelines: Servers or workstations: Configure servers or workstations directly connected to the switch for full duplex. Since the traffic is two-way traffic, you’ll see a performance increase with a full duplex configuration.
12 CHAPTER 1 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Configuring the Wide Area Network (WAN) or multi-floor environment Connections to the backbone are most effective using fiber optic cabling, especially when devices are separated by multiple floors or buildings.
13 Hardware Installation and Network Topology CHAPTER 1 Configuration guidelines: Fiber optic connections to switches or routers: Use multi-mode fiber to connect to a router or another switch. You must purchase a 100BASE-FX expansion module separately (Intel order code ES101MAFX).
14 CHAPTER 1 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch One repeater hop for 100BASE-TX Only one repeater hop is allowed for 100BASE-TX. Also, the distance between the node and switch can’t exceed 200 meters. You can’t daisy-chain 100 Mbps hubs with UTP cable.
15 2 Configuring and Managing the Switch You don’t need to read this chapter or Chapter 3 unless you want to change the Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch’s default configuration (see Appendix A for a list of defaults) or intend to manage the switch.
16 CHAPTER 2 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Accessing the Console Manager The Console Manager software is contained in the switch’s nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM).
17 Configuring and Managing the Switch CHAPTER 2 Using the Console Manager The Console Manager provides an out-of-band (not on the network) connection to the switch. Use the Console Manager to • assign an IP configuration to the switch. • configure the ports.
18 CHAPTER 2 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Some commands have parameters that determine how settings are saved and when they’re implemented. Some are changed in • the running configuration so that the new value is used immediately (the run option).
19 Configuring and Managing the Switch CHAPTER 2 Console Manager command groups The Console Manager has several categories of commands: • Console commands: help, banner, login/logout, console parameters setup. • System commands: system status, reset commands, download commands, and system debug commands.
20 CHAPTER 2 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Sample Console Manager Session Refer to the diagram below when reading the sample configuration procedures on pages 21 through 29.
21 Configuring and Managing the Switch CHAPTER 2 Configuring the SNMP agent for IP You can monitor and control the switch through any SNMP-compliant network management system (NMS). First, you must configure the SNMP agent by assigning an IP address. In the diagram on page 20, a laptop is used to connect to the switch’s serial port.
22 CHAPTER 2 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Configuring a port for full duplex Configuring a port for full duplex allows the switch to send and receive packets simultaneously with the destination device. To establish a full-duplex link, the switch and the destination device both must be configured for full duplex.
23 Configuring and Managing the Switch CHAPTER 2 Creating Virtual LANs (VLANs) You can create two types of VLANs: • Security VLANs (SVLANs) . Ports in an SVLAN can exchange frames only with other ports in the same SVLAN. SVLANs are used for security to prevent access to devices on the network.
24 CHAPTER 2 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch 2 Create the two SVLANs. Type the commands: set-sec-vlan all 3-5-7 set-sec-vlan all 1-2-3-4-6-7-8 These commands create two SVLANs and saves the entries in NVRAM. Replace all with nvram to save the entry without changing it immediately or with run to change the entry now without saving it.
25 Configuring and Managing the Switch CHAPTER 2 Monitoring traffic Use monitoring commands to determine the traffic volume from specific ports or between ports. This information helps you determine the network’s traffic patterns so you can adjust your network topology for maximum efficiency.
26 CHAPTER 2 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch To check traffic on a port 1 Determine the port you want to check. 2 Type the command. For example: SYS_console> get-br-cnt 3 Ethernet Switchi.
27 Configuring and Managing the Switch CHAPTER 2 Interpreting Statistics Detecting faulty adapters or hub ports If Too Long errors or Jabbers (packets that are too long and misaligned) occur consistently on a port, the connected node may have a faulty adapter or port.
28 CHAPTER 2 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Statistic Definitions Transmit OK: The number of valid frames sent from the port. Underflow Errors: Internal error. A normal ratio of this counter to the Transmit OK counter is 1% or less. Exces Coll Errors: Increments when the port unsuccessfully transmits a packet 16 consecutive times.
29 Configuring and Managing the Switch CHAPTER 2 etherStatsMcastPkts: The number of frames that are detected without errors and are directed to a non-broadcast group address. This doesn’t include frames received with Too Long, Runt, FCS, or Alignment errors.
31 3 Console Command Reference Type ? at the Console Manager prompt to display the list of available command groups and a short explanation of each. Type the name of a group to display commands relevant to that group.
32 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Console Command-line Summary Console Commands help-kbd Lists the help and shortcut keys. banner Displays the Console Manager logo. clear Clears the screen. login Exits Console Manager and displays the login screen.
33 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 set-sw-file < filename > Sets the SNMP agent software filename for download. get-rsw-file Displays the SNMP agent software remote filename. set-rsw-file < filename > Sets the SNMP agent software remote filename for download.
34 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch set-slip-conf < IPaddress > < netmask > < broadcast > Sets the SLIP configuration. get-gatew Displays the default gateway. set-gatew < IPaddress > Sets the default gateway.
35 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 Switching Database Commands get-lt-entry < index > Displays a switching database entry. get-lt-16 {< index >|*> Displays 16 switching database entries starting at a given item number. find-lt-addr < mac_address > Searches for an address in the switching database.
36 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch get-svlan-tbl {run|nvram} Displays the SVLAN table. set-mon-port < port > Sets the monitoring port. monitor < port > Starts port monitoring. stop-mon Stops port monitoring. get-lt-filter < mac_address > Displays the filter for a given MAC address.
37 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 Port Configuration Commands get-port-cfg Displays the configuration of all the ports. set-port-dplex < port-number > {half|full} Sets a port’s duplex mode to half or full. set-speed-sel < port-number > {asense|10|100} Sets a port’s speed to 10, 100, or auto detect.
38 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Console Commands help-kbd Lists the console function keys. SYS_console> help-kbd ? or TAB - for a list of the categories ! or ^P - for previou.
39 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 set-passwd Changes the console password. The system first prompts you for the old password. You then type a new password and retype it for verification.
40 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch The screen displays the following information: • SNMP agent software version and release date. • Device SNMP object ID. • Device MAC address. • System uptime (in 1/100 of a second) and in days, hours, minutes, and seconds.
41 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 init-nvram Resets the NVRAM on the SNMP agent to the default values. The changes don’t take effect until you use the warm-reset or cold-reset commands or cycle the power.
42 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch set-rsw-file set-rsw-file < filename > Sets the name of the SNMP agent software remote file for download. This is the file downloaded from a TFTP server, if you’ve defined one. get-tftp-srvr Displays the TFTP server IP address to be used for downloading SNMP agent software.
43 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 start-fg start-fg < dport-bitmask > < count > < rate > Starts frame generation. dport-bitmask is a hex bitmask of the ports to generate traffic on. For example, a dport-bitmask of 3E sends frames to ports 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
44 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch set-ip set-ip < IPaddress> Sets the IP address of the switch (technically, the switch’s SNMP agent). If no IP address was previously set (default configuration), the new value is saved in NVRAM and used immediately.
45 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 get-slip-conf Displays the current SLIP configuration. set-slip set-slip < IPaddress > Sets the SLIP address, which can’t be the same as the IP address. set-slip-conf set-slip-conf < IPaddress > < netmask > < broadcast > Sets the SLIP configuration.
46 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Ping Commands The ping command sends an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request packet to a station. The ping process is asynchronous, so any responses are mixed in with other system console messages.
47 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Commands get-arp-tbl Displays the ARP table. The table lists the port and MAC address for each IP address the switch has communicated with recently. SYS_console> get-arp-tbl IfIndex IpAddress MAC Address ==================================================== 1 129.
48 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch SNMP Commands Use these commands to configure the SNMP agent itself — access and trap configuration. SNMP community strings SNMP community strings authenticate access to the Management Information Base (MIB).
49 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 SNMP trap message commands If the switch detects an irregular event, it generates a trap. A trap is a notification message that can be sent to predefined network management stations.
50 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch add-trap add-trap < IPaddress > < trap-community > Enters the IP address of the receiving station and the trap community string that appears in the trap message. The trap table can contain up to five receiving stations.
51 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 Self (not user configurable). If on (denoted as a +), the entry is a system address. These are the switch’s individual and group addresses, as well as other addresses added by the management system. If off (denoted as a -), the entry contains the MAC address of a station on the network.
52 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch get-lt-16 get-lt-16 {< index >|*} Displays 16 switching database entries starting at index ( or * to continue from the last displayed index).
53 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 find-lt-addr find-lt-addr < mac_address > Searches for a MAC address in the switching database and displays its description, if found.
54 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch get-lt-age Displays the switching database aging time in seconds. This is the amount of time the switch stores a device’s MAC address before clearing it from the database.
55 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 SYS_console> get-lt-filter 00aa00a5898b 12 00-AA-00-A5-89-8B LOCK_OFF SELF_OFF --- VIRTUAL LAN ----- SRC PORT to : MGMT P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12.
56 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch del-cf-entry del-cf-entry {run|nvram} < mac_address > < sport > Deletes the custom filter entry for address mac_address from source port sport . Ports are deleted one at a time by entering the port number.
57 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 get-con-matrix Displays the current connectivity matrix for the switch. The first column is the source port. The other columns are destinations where frames from a given source port can be forwarded.
58 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch set-vbc-domain set-vbc-domain {run|nvram|all} < port_list > Establishes a virtual broadcast domain (VBD). port_list is a list of ports, separated by dashes, to group into a broadcast domain.
59 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 get-svlan-tbl get-svlan-tbl {run|nvram} Displays the table of defined SVLANs. SYS_console> get-svlan-tbl run RUNTIME SECURITY VIRTUAL LANs TABLE =============.
60 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Spanning Tree Commands Spanning tree automatically configures a loop-free topology in a bridged environment. The spanning tree agent is implemented in conformance with the IEEE 802.1d standard. In most cases, the defaults work fine and you won’t need to change any parameters.
61 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 get-stp get-stp Displays the current state of spanning tree (either enabled or disabled). By default, spanning tree is enabled in accordance with 802.
62 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch get-st-pcfg get-st-pcfg Displays the spanning tree port parameter table. If spanning tree is disabled, parameters aren’t displayed.
63 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 set-br-prio set-br-prio < priority > Sets the spanning tree bridge priority. Bridge priority forces a bridge to be selected as the root bridge, or as a designated bridge. The bridge priority is a value used in determining the identity of the root bridge.
64 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch set-br-fwdel set-br-fwdel < forward_delay > Sets the spanning tree bridge forward delay. Forward delay is the time interval in seconds spent waiting to change a port from its spanning tree preforwarding state to a forwarding state.
65 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 Port Configuration Commands Use these commands to configure and display port settings. get-port-cfg Displays the current port configuration.
66 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch set-port-dplex set-port-dplex < port_number > {half|full} Specifies whether the given port is in full-duplex or half-duplex (standard Ethernet) mode. The default is half-duplex. You must set the port speed to either 10 or 100 ( asense is the default) before setting a port to full-duplex.
67 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 get-eth-cnt get-eth-cnt < port-number > Displays the Ethernet Statistics Counters for port port-number . This is almost identical to the Ethernet-like Statistics Group of the Ethernet MIB.
68 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch get-rmon-cnt get-rmon-cnt <port > Displays the remote monitoring (RMON) statistics group 1 counters for port .
69 Console Command Reference CHAPTER 3 • packets lost (if flow control is disabled) or number of packets retransmitted by the originator due to flow control (if flow control is enabled). • packets or bytes forwarded to each port. For the port you specified, the number of packets or bytes represents filtered frames.
70 CHAPTER 3 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch get-mgm-brcnt Displays the counters for the management interface. Management counters are continually updated even when no devices are attached to the switch (this is why the port Xmt LEDs always blink).
Troubleshooting If you have problems with your Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch, use this chapter to help identify the problem and find a possible solution.
72 CHAPTER 4 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch General Problems If you’re having problems with the switch, follow the steps below: 1 Verify that your cables are wired correctly . This is the most common problem. Use a UTP crossover cable to directly connect to a repeater or another switch.
73 Troubleshooting CHAPTER 4 1 Incoming packets on Port 1 are destined for Port 2. However, Port 2’s buffer is filled. 2 Port 1 sends a collision signal to the sending device, telling it to retransmit the packets. This allows Port 2 to clear its buffers.
74 CHAPTER 4 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch A port’s Flow LED flashes whenever a received packet needs to be forwarded to a port that already has too many packets queued. This indicates a temporary overload situation on one port; the total traffic to the port exceeds the amount its buffer can hold.
T echnical Information This chapter contains detailed information on default port and switch configuration options, product specifications, and supported standards for SNMP and MIB features. Default Configuration System Internal software filename: flash12.
76 Appendix A Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Ports 1-8 Type: 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX (auto detecting), twisted-pair Ethernet (TPE) Duplex mode: Half Flow control: On Ports 9-12 Not installed (s.
77 Technical Information Appendix A Specifications Features Buffer size: 64 Kbytes per port, 512 Kbytes total Architecture: Store and forward for complete runt and error filtering on all packets. Flow control prevents packet loss. MAC addresses supported: 4096 entries Switching database: Transparent, automatic self-learning at full wire speed.
78 Appendix A Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch General Indicators Displays Management activity, SNMP presence, power supply status, device failure detection. Boot and Configuration NVRAM configuration loaded on power up and fully downloadable.
79 Technical Information Appendix A Electrical Specifications AC line frequency: 47Hz-63Hz Fuse: 100-120V/4A 200-240V/2A Power Cord Specifications 115 volt configuration: Minimum type SJT (SVT) 18/3, rated 250 Volts AC, 10 Amps with a maximum length of 15 feet.
80 Appendix A Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch SNMP and MIB Support The Express 10/100 Switch contains a built-in SNMP agent running on the SNMP processor board. This allows each Express 10/100 Switch to be managed from a centralized management station via any SNMP-compliant NMS.
81 Technical Information Appendix A Limited Hardware Warranty Intel warrants to the original owner that the hardware product delivered in this package will be free from defects in material and workman.
82 Appendix A Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Limited Hardware Warranty (Europe only) Intel Corporation (UK) Ltd for customers within the UK and Intel International Ltd (Intel Corporation (U.
83 Technical Information Appendix A Software provided with the hardware product is not covered under the hardware warranty described above. See the applicable software license agreement which shipped with the hardware product for details on any software warranty.
84 Appendix A Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Assurez vous que le système soit débranché de son alimentation ainsi que de toutes les liaisons de télécomunication, des réseaux, et des lignes de modem avant d’enlever le capot. Ne pas utiliser le système quand le capot est enlevé.
Index 85 I 100 LED, 6 100BASE-FX cabling requirements, 7 100BASE-TX cabling requirements, 7 A–C Access restrictions creating virtual LANs (VLANs), 23 add-arp-entry command, 47 add-cf-entry command, .
86 INDE X Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch Configuration (continued) network topology, 10 ports, 65 samples, 10 SNMP, 21 subnet mask, 44 switch, 15–29, 31–70 Wide Area Networks (WANs), 12.
87 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch INDE X get-mgm-brcnt command, 70 get-nv-cfilt command, 56 get-nv-cftbl command, 56 get-port-cfg command, 22, 65 get-rmon-cnt command, 68 get-rsw-file comma.
88 INDE X Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch M–O MAC address associating with an IP address, 47 displaying, 39 Management, accessing, 16 Mgmt (Management) LED , 6 MIB getting file for NMS, 21.
89 Intel Express 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switch INDE X set-port-fctrl command, 66 set-prompt command, 38 set-prt-enb command, 64 set-prt-pcost command, 64 set-prt-prio command, 64 set-rsw-file command, 4.
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