Gebruiksaanwijzing /service van het product 708M12 van de fabrikant N-Tron
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Revisio n 0711 08 Page 1 of 102 708M12 Managed Indus trial Ethernet Switch User Manual & Install ation Guide.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 2 of 102 708M12 Industrial Ethe rnet Switch I nstallation Guide ................................................................................................ 4 708M12 Industrial Ethe rnet Switch Acce ssories .................
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 3 of 102 Help – N-View ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7 9 Help – N-Ring ..............
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 4 of 102 708M12 Indus trial Ethernet Switch Installatio n Guide The N-TRON 708M12 Industrial Ethernet Switch offers o utstanding performanc e and ease of use. It is ideally suited for connec ting Ethernet enabled in dustrial and o r securit y equipm ent and is a full y managed switch.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 5 of 102 708M12 Indus trial Ethernet Switch Accessories 700-NTCD-M12 Dongle Ideal for saving, or restor ing switch configuration parameters quickl y without the need for a computer or software. Straight M12 A-Co ded 4-pin male connector.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 6 of 102 Copyright, © N-Tron Corp., 2008 820 S. Universit y Blvd., Suite 4E Mobile, AL 36609 USA All rights reserv ed. Repr oduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written permission from N-Tron Corp. is prohibited, ex cept as allowed under cop yright laws.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 7 of 102 Safety Warnin gs GENERAL SAFETY WARNIN GS WARNING: If the equi pment is used in the manner not specified b y N-Tron Corp., the protectio n provided b y the e quipment may be impaired. Contact Information N-Tron Corp. 820 South Universit y Blvd.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 8 of 102 Ingress Protection IP67 The classification of degrees of prote ction provided b y the enclosures is defined b y IEC 60529. Each rating is defined b y spec ific tests. The IP number is compris ed of two numbers, the f irst referring to the protection against solid objects and the second against fluids.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 9 of 102 Never install or work on electrical equipment or cabling durin g periods of lightning activit y. Never connect or disconnect power whe n hazardous gasses are present. Disconnect the power ca ble before removing an y enclosure panel.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 10 o f 102 Bulkhead Moun ting The following are the mechanical dim ensions and drill hole placements to consider when mounti ng the 708M12 Industrial Ether net Switches:.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 11 o f 102 Front Panel LNK/ACT Link/Activity LED M12 D-Coded Female Ports All 8 ports are Auto sensin g 10/100BaseTX M12 A-Coded Male Port Redundant Power Input (10-49VDC) Green.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 12 o f 102 Applying Power The M12 A coded power connector is ke yed, where the mating connection from the power suppl y can be made onl y when the male and female ends are lined up prop erl y. When the power is first conn ected all LED’s will flash ON Momentaril y.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 13 o f 102 N-TRON 708M12 Grou nding Techniques Drain wire with lug connecting switch chassis to known groundi ng point. CONNECTING THE UNIT For 10Base-T ports, plu g a C ategor y 3 (or greater) twisted pair cable int o the M12 connector.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 14 o f 102 SERIAL INTE RFACE The 708M12 S witch pr ovides an E IA-232 int erface accessed via an A Coded female conn ector (labeled ‘COM’ on the unit).
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 15 o f 102 Overview of Ad vanced Features Mode of Operation Each port on the switch c an be configured into different modes of op eration as shown below: Copper Ports: - Half Du.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 16 o f 102 Virtual LAN The switch provides support for setting up ta gged Virtual L ANs. A port may belong to any nu mber of Virtual LANs. The VLAN membership of a stati on is determined b y the VLAN(s) that h ave been defined for the port to which th e station is connected.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 17 o f 102 Snooping is configured via the web console and if enabled, operates d ynamically upon each power up. Also, there can be manual only or manual and dynamic operation. Note that “static multicast group address” can be used whether IGMP Snooping is enabled or not.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 18 o f 102 TROUBLESHO OTING 1. Make sure the (Power LED) is ON. 2. Make sure y ou are suppl ying sufficient current for the version chosen. Note: The Inrush current will exceed the stead y state current by ~ 2X. 3. Verify that Link LEDs ar e ON for connected ports.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 19 o f 102 Web Softw are Configuration Web Mana gemen t Enter the switch’s IP address in any web browser and login to the web m anagement feature of th e 708 Series.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 20 o f 102 Web Mana gemen t - Home When the administrator f irst logs onto a 708 Series swi tch the default home page will be displ ayed. On the left hand side of the screen there is a list of configurable settings that the 7 08 Series switch will s upport.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 21 o f 102 Web Mana gemen t – Menu Structu re To the left, there is a men u which is shown full y opened below. The pages opened b y each of the individual selections are described in the rest of this section. The use of each o f these pages is also described i n this section.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 22 o f 102 Administratio n – Syste m The System tab under the Adm inistration categor y lists the following information about the switch: IP Address Contains the co nfigured I P Addre ss of the device. Subnet M ask Contains the co nfigured S ubnet Ma sk of the device.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 23 o f 102 Administration – System, Continued… By selecting the Modif y button, you will be able to change the swit ch’s IP Address, Subnet M ask, Gateway, Name, Contact information, and the Location of the switch throu gh the web management features.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 24 o f 102 Administratio n – SNMP The SNMP tab under the Ad ministration categor y shows a list of IP Addresses that act as S NMP Traps. The Get, Set, and Trap C ommunit y N ames are also s hown here. By selecting the Modif y but ton, you will be able to change any of the fields listed.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 25 o f 102 Administratio n – Fault The Fault tab under the Admi nistration categor y provides confi gurable selections indicating the way to notify when a Power or N-Ring Signal fault occurs. P ower signal faults consis t of V 1 and V 2.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 26 o f 102 Ports – Configuration The Configuration tab u nder the Ports c ategor y will show a detailed overview of all t he active po rts on the switch. The overview wi ll display the following information: Port Nu mber T his is the por t index.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 27 o f 102 Ports – Configuration, Continued… The User can click on the Port Number to configure each port individuall y. This will allow the user t o change the port’s set.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 28 o f 102 Ports – Mirro ring A mirroring port is a dedicated port th at is configured to receive the copies of Ethernet frames that are being transmitted out and also being received i n from any other port that is being monit ored.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 29 o f 102 Ports – Mirroring, Continued… Following t he Modif y butt on, you can en able t he status of port mirroring and select source port s and the destination port that the source ports will be mirrored to.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 30 o f 102 Ports – Trun king The Trunking tab under the Ports category displays the following det ails: Trunk Ports This field disp lays the por ts associate d with the tr unk. Trunk Stat us This config urable field d isplays t he existing stat us of the tru nk.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 31 o f 102 Statistics – Port S tatistics The Ports Statisti cs tab under the Statistics category displa ys a list of MIB parameters. Each port ha s a separate counter for each parameter. Thi s gives users the abilit y to see what kind of packets are going over which ports.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 32 o f 102 Statistics – Port Utili zation The Ports Utiliz ation tab under the Statistics categor y shows all t he ports on the swit ch and will display a bar graph showing the percenta ge of bandwidth bei ng used. These figures and bars are for a general feeling of what the bandwidth usage is.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 33 o f 102 VLAN – Con figu ration Replace VID Ta g w ith Default Po rt VID Specifies whether or no t to rep lace the inco ming VID tag with the p ort's desig nated VID. Perfor m Ingress Filtering Specifies whether or no t to filter out ingress fra mes when a VID violatio n is detec ted.
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Revisio n 0711 08 Page 35 o f 102 VLAN – Group C onfigura tion VLAN ID This field disp lays the V LAN I D. The range should be 1-4094. VLAN Na me This config urable field d isplays t he name of the V LAN, which accep ts alphanu meric and spe cial characters ( #, _, -, .
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 36 o f 102 Bridging – Aging T ime The Aging Time tab und er the Bridging categor y will display the currentl y configured Aging Time.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 37 o f 102 Bridging – Unicast Add resses The Unicast Addresses tab un der the Bridging category will dis play a list of MAC addresses that are associated with each resp ective port number. This can be used to stati cally assign a MAC address access to a single port on the switc h.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 38 o f 102 Bridging – Unicast Addresses, Continued… Once a static MAC address has been add ed, it will be displa yed in a list on the main page under Uni cast MACs tab. Following the Remove b utton on the exampl e above, an administrator can select a static MAC add ress from the list using a pull-down menu.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 39 o f 102 Bridging – Multic ast Addresses The Multicast Addresses tab under the Bridging category will disp lay a list of Multicast Group Addr esses that are associated with respective port num bers. This may be used to statically assign a Mult icast Group Address access to a grou p of ports on the switch.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 40 o f 102 Bridging – Multicast Addresses Continued… After adding a Multicast Group Address, it will appear on the main list and will show t he associated ports that go along with that address.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 41 o f 102 RSTP – Con figur ation The Configuration tab un der the RSTP categor y will display the RSTP information for the first V LAN. Using the pull-down menu at the to p of the page an adminis trator can choose which VLAN to confi gure RSTP on.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 42 o f 102 RSTP – Configuration Continued… The configuration screen for the VLAN that was previousl y selected will look l ike the example below. Here the administrator can make changes such as th e Hello Tim e, Forward Delay, Max A ge, Priority, and the Status of RSTP on that VLAN.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 43 o f 102 RSTP – Configuration Continued… Following the link for the view RS TP Port Configuration at VLAN#, the administrator or user can see the current RSTP status of the ports o n that VLAN. This wil l show information such as the Path C ost and the Port State.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 44 o f 102 IGMP – Co nfigur ation The Configuration tab un der the IGMP categor y will display the IGMP basic configurati on settings. B y default, IGMP is enabled. Following the Modif y button, the administrator will see a list of confi gurable fields for the IGMP configuration.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 45 o f 102 IGMP – Configuration, Continued… The IGMP Status pull -down allows the user to enabl e or disable IGMP completel y.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 46 o f 102 IGMP – Configuration, Continued… The Router Mode pull-down allows the user to choose router mode. ‘Auto’ allows for d ynamically detected and manuall y set router ports. ‘Manual’ allows only for manuall y set router ports.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 47 o f 102 IGMP – S how Group and Sho w Router The Show Groups tab und er the IGMP categor y will d isplay a list of IGMP groups based on the Gro up IP and the port number that it is associated with.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 48 o f 102 IGMP – RFil ter The ‘rfilter’ ( Router Mul ticast Data Filter ) functi on allows you to choose whether or not DATA f rames with KNOWN group mult icast addresses are sent to the ‘router’ ports (links to other switches).
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 49 o f 102 IGMP – RFilter, Continued… Modifying rfilter port set tings:.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 50 o f 102 N-View – Configur ation The Configuration tab un der the N-View categor y will display two basic variables for N-View, th e status and the interval between packets.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 51 o f 102 N-View – Ports The Ports tab under the N-View category will displa y a list of all the configured ports on the 708 u nit along with the ports transmitt ing multicast packets and M IB stats respectively.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 52 o f 102 N-Ring – Configu ration The Configuration tab un der the N-Ring categor y will display the N-Ring basic confi guration settings.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 53 o f 102 N-Ring – Configuration, Continued… The “N-Ring Mode” is one of thre e, as below: If N-Ring Mode is “Manager”, then a pull -down all ows selection as available of ports TX1 and T X2, or TX7 and TX8 (FX1 and FX2 on 708FX2) as N-Ring ports.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 54 o f 102 N-Ring – Configuration, Continued… If N-Ring Mode is “Manager”, then V LAN ID can be set to a uni que VLAN id (1 ~ 4094). Default i s 3333. If N-Ring Mode is “Manager”, then a pull -down all ows selection as to whether the N-Rin g ports are members of the VLAN’s Tagged or Unt agged ports.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 55 o f 102 N-Ring – Advanced Co nfiguratio n If switch is an N-Ring M ember, the following data will b e shown: N-Ring M ode Current N-Ri ng mode o f switch. Keep-Alive Timeout: Keep-Alive ti meout is u sed when s witch is active i n an N-Ring.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 56 o f 102 N-Ring – Advanced Configuration, Continued….
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 57 o f 102 N-Ring – Status The Status tab under the N-Ri ng category will displ ay the N-Ring status. Below is an example of N-Ring Status from a switch in defaults (N-Rin g A.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 58 o f 102 N-Ring – Status, Continued… Below is an example of N-Ring Status from an N-Rin g Manager with a health y N-Ring:.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 59 o f 102 N-Ring – Status, Continued… Below is an example of N-Ring Status from an N-Rin g Manager with a faulted N-Ring. The red fi elds on the N-Ring Map show pro blems. Ports that are red indi cate that the port is not linked.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 60 o f 102 N-Ring – Status, Continued… In rare cases an N-Ring c an have a “Partial Fault”. An example of this is t o have a break in just one fiber in a duplex channel fiber pa ir.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 61 o f 102 Firmwa re/Config – T FTP The TFTP tab under the Firmwar e/Config category gives the administrator th e ability to upload or download a config file for a 708 Series swit ch.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 62 o f 102 Support – Web Site a nd E- mail If at an y point in time you get confused or would like additio nal support di rectly from N-Tron, you may visit N-Tron’s web site, or e-mail N-T ron directl y with the links provided for more information.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 63 o f 102 BPCL – Bro adcast Pac ket Coun t Limi t Configura tion The BPCL link will di splay all the ports that are installed in the 708 S eries unit and will list the BPCL Percentage for each port. BPCL defaults to 3%. A M odify button is provided t o change these fields.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 64 o f 102 User Mana gemen t – Addin g Users The User Management link will displa y a list of all the users who have access t o the management features of the switch and their acce ss permissions.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 65 o f 102 User Mana gemen t – Remov ing Use rs In order to remove a user, s imply click on the Remove but ton at the bottom of the pa ge. Following the Remove b utton on the above example, the admi nistrator can remove a user b y entering in the user’s name and clicking t he Remove button.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 66 o f 102 Logica lView The 708 Web Manageme nt offers a logical view of the swi tch. Here a user or admini strator can see a graphical depiction of the 708 swit ch. Ports that are linked will appear in green, while ports that ar e not linked will appear in black.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 67 o f 102 Configura tion – S ave or Rese t The Configuration section of web management gives an admin istrator the abilit y to save a running configuration into the NVR AM. This step is needed in order for the swi tch to remember an y changes after a power cycle.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 68 o f 102 Help When the Help link is cli cked on, you will see the Overview p age that will have some basic d efinitions and more specific choices at the top of th e screen. Although this pa ge is not as detailed as the manual, i t gives you a basic feel for different features the 708 offers.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 69 o f 102 Help – Ad ministr ation Following the Administ ration link on the help page, the administ rator or user can see some informat ion regarding the configuration op tions in the Administration cate gory on the left side of the web managem ent.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 70 o f 102 Help – Ports Following the Ports link on the help page, the adm inistrator or user can see some in formation regarding the configuration options in th e Ports category on the left side of the w eb management.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 71 o f 102 Help – Statis tics Following the Statistics link o n the help page, the administrator or user can see some information re garding the configuration options in t he Statistics category on the left side of the we b management.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 72 o f 102 Help – VLA N Following the VLAN lin k on the help page, the adm inistrator or user can see some information r egarding the configuration options in t he VLAN category on the left side of the w eb management.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 73 o f 102 Help – BPCL Following the BPCL link on the help page, the admi nistrator or user can see some information regarding the configuration options in th e BPCL categor y on the left side of the web management.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 74 o f 102 Help – IGM P Following the IGMP link o n the help page, the admi nistrator or user can see some information regarding the configuration options in th e IGMP categor y on the left side of the web management.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 75 o f 102 Help – Brid ging Following the Bridging li nk on the help page, the admini strator or user can see some information r egarding the configuration options in t he Bridging category on the left side of the w eb management.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 76 o f 102 Help – RST P Following the RSTP link on the help page, the admi nistrator or user can see some information regarding the configuration options in th e RSTP categor y on the left side of the web management.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 77 o f 102 Help – Fir mware/ Config Following the Firmware/C onfig link on the help page, the adminis trator or user can s ee some information regarding the configuration op tions in the Firmware/Config categor y on the left side of the web management.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 78 o f 102 Help – User M ana gement Following the User Man agement link on the help page, the administrator or user can see som e information regarding the configuration op tions in the User Management categor y on the left side of the web management.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 79 o f 102 Help – N-Vi ew Following the N-View link o n the help page, the administrator or user can see some information re garding the configuration options in t he N-View category on the left side of the we b management.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 80 o f 102 Help – N-Ri ng Following the N-Ring link on the help page, the adm inistrator or user can see some information re garding the configuration options in t he N-Ring category on the left side of the w eb management.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 81 o f 102 Help – Othe r Following the Other link on the help page, the adm inistrator or user can see some informati on regarding other links or categories on the left hand side of the web man ager, as above.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 82 o f 102 CLI Co mmands “?” (H elp) Command Name “?” Description Show a list o f all co mmands or get help on a speci fic co mmand.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 83 o f 102 CLI Commands, Continued… Show, Add, or Dele te ARL Entries Command Name arl Description Show, Add , or De lete Arl Entries. Syntax arl sho w | showmct | add mac p ort cpu static vid | del[ete] mac vid Parameters show Show entire ARL table.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 84 o f 102 CLI Commands, Continued… Save o r Reset the Configuratio n Settings Command Name config Description Save or re set configuratio n settin gs Syntax config s[ ave] | r[eset] Parameters save save c urrent runnin g configur ation settings.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 85 o f 102 Ping a H ost Command Name ping Description Ping a host Syntax ping [-t] [-n c ount] [-w ti meout] tar get_name Parameters target_na me IP Addr ess or host na me. -t Ping the spec ified host u ntil stop ped. To see statistics and c ontinue - t ype Space; To stop - type Contro l-C.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 86 o f 102 CLI Commands, Continued… Show Sy stem Infor mation Command Name sysinfo Description Show system i nfor mation Syntax sysinfo Parameters None Example N-TRON/Admin>.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 87 o f 102 CLI Commands, Continued… Set or Sho w the System IP Co nfigurat ion Command Name sysip Description Set system IP configuratio n mod e, IP addr ess, subnet mask, and gate way If no p arameter s are specified , this co mmand will s how t he s ystem IP ad dresses.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 88 o f 102 VLAN Ad dition a nd Deletion Exa mple The sc reen capture bel ow is the factor y default VLAN configurat ion. Clicking on the “Modif y” button allows one to add a.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 89 o f 102 When creating a new VLAN, a numeri c ID is required, Name is entered. N ote that N-Ring VLAN is a reserved name with a spe cial meaning. Choices such as “Allow Man agement” and “Change PV ID of Member Ports” are made at this time as well as the ports which are going to belong to the new VLAN.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 90 o f 102 The result of add is a “New V LAN”. In this case, it does not overlap the “Default VLAN” ports..
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 91 o f 102 The ports of ”New VLA N” may be added back to “Default VLAN” to crea te overlapping VLANs. Note: If there are multipl e ports on different VLANs, the 708 will apply the static mult icast address to the lowest VLAN-ID that is associated with o ne of the ports assigned to the st atic multicast address.
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Revisio n 0711 08 Page 93 o f 102 And the “New VLAN” is removed. Note that th e new configuration of the s witch must be saved if th e configuration must survive a power c ycle.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 94 o f 102 VLAN Con figuratio n Exa mples A VLAN is an adm inistrativ ely conf igured L AN s egment that lim its the traff ic in m ultiple broadcas t dom ains.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 95 o f 102 Example 2 – Basic understanding of tagged VLA Ns (Admit – Tag ged Only) Receiving Port # Tagged VID in packet Destination Address Transmitting Port #s Notes TX1 U.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 96 o f 102 Example 3 – Basic understanding o f tagged VLANs (Admit – All) Receiving Port # Tagged VID in packet Destination Address Transmitting Port #s Notes TX1 Untagged M.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 97 o f 102 Example 4 – Basic understanding o f Hybrid VLANs Receiving Port # Tagged VID in packet Destination Address Transmitting Port #s Notes TX1 Untagged M AC on port TX2 .
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 98 o f 102 Example 5 – Basic understanding o f Overlapping VLANs Receiving Port # Tagged VID in packet Destination Address Transmitting Port #s Notes TX1 Untagged M AC on port.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 99 o f 102 Example 6 – Basic understanding o f VLANs with Mult icast Filtering Top of Form Bottom of Form Receiving Port # Tagged VID in packet Destination Address Transmittin.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 100 of 102 KEY SPECI FIC ATION Switch Properties Number of MAC Addresses: 8 ,000 Aging Time: Pr ogrammable Latency Type: 2 .9 µ s Switching Method : Store & Forward Physical Height: 6.62” (16.81 cm) Width: 6.62” (16.81 cm ) Depth: 2.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 101 of 102 Regulatory Approvals: EMI: EN61000-6-4, EN55011 – Class A CFR Title 47, Part 15, S ubpart B - Class A ICES-003 – Class A EMS: EN61000-6-2 EN61000-4-2 (ESD) EN6100.
Revisio n 0711 08 Page 102 of 102 N-TRON Limited Warran ty N-TRON, Co rp. warrants to t he end user that this h ardware pro duct will b e free from defects in w orkmanship and materials, un der normal use and service, for the applicab le warranty period from the date of purchase from N-TRON or its autho rized reseller.
Een belangrijk punt na aankoop van elk apparaat N-Tron 708M12 (of zelfs voordat je het koopt) is om de handleiding te lezen. Dit moeten wij doen vanwege een paar simpele redenen:
Als u nog geen N-Tron 708M12 heb gekocht dan nu is een goed moment om kennis te maken met de basisgegevens van het product. Eerst kijk dan naar de eerste pagina\'s van de handleiding, die je hierboven vindt. Je moet daar de belangrijkste technische gegevens N-Tron 708M12 vinden. Op dit manier kan je controleren of het apparaat aan jouw behoeften voldoet. Op de volgende pagina's van de handleiding N-Tron 708M12 leer je over alle kenmerken van het product en krijg je informatie over de werking. De informatie die je over N-Tron 708M12 krijgt, zal je zeker helpen om een besluit over de aankoop te nemen.
In een situatie waarin je al een beziter van N-Tron 708M12 bent, maar toch heb je de instructies niet gelezen, moet je het doen voor de hierboven beschreven redenen. Je zult dan weten of je goed de alle beschikbare functies heb gebruikt, en of je fouten heb gemaakt die het leven van de N-Tron 708M12 kunnen verkorten.
Maar de belangrijkste taak van de handleiding is om de gebruiker bij het oplossen van problemen te helpen met N-Tron 708M12 . Bijna altijd, zal je daar het vinden Troubleshooting met de meest voorkomende storingen en defecten #MANUAl# samen met de instructies over hun opplosinge. Zelfs als je zelf niet kan om het probleem op te lossen, zal de instructie je de weg wijzen naar verdere andere procedure, bijv. door contact met de klantenservice of het dichtstbijzijnde servicecentrum.
