Gebruiksaanwijzing /service van het product 450e van de fabrikant Ricoh
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350e/450e OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS COPY RE FERENCE Read this manual carefully before you use this product and keep it handy for future reference. For safety, p lease follow the instructions in t his manual.
350e/450e OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS RICOH COMPANY, LTD. 15-5, 1 c home, Mi nami-Aoya ma, Minato-k u, Tokyo Telephon e: Tokyo 3479-3111 Overseas Affiliates U.S.A. RICO H CORPO RATION 5 Dedrick Place West Caldwell, New Jersey 07006 Phone: + 1-973-882-2000 The Netherla nds RICOH EUROP E B.
Introduction This man ual conta ins deta iled inst ructio ns on the operation a nd ma intenanc e of this m achine. To get maximu m versa til ity from this machi ne all op erat ors should careful ly read an d follow th e instru cti ons in this man ual.
USA (This information is for facsimile option users only .) ❖ FCC Requirements 1. This equi pment compl ies with Part 68 of the FCC ru les. On the cover of this equ ipment is a label that conta ins, am ong other information, the FCC re gistratio n number and ringe r equival ence number (REN) fo r this equipmen t.
355e/455e OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS COPY RE FERENCE Read this manual carefully before you use this product and keep it handy for future reference. For safety, p lease follow the instructions in t his manual.
355e/455e OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS RICOH COMPANY, LTD. 15-5, 1 c home, Mi nami-Aoya ma, Minato-k u, Tokyo Telephon e: Tokyo 3479-3111 Overseas Affiliates U.S.A. RICO H CORPO RATION 5 Dedrick Place West Caldwell, New Jersey 07006 Phone: + 1-973-882-2000 The Netherla nds RICOH EUROP E B.
Introduction This man ual conta ins deta iled inst ructio ns on the operation a nd ma intenanc e of this m achine. To get maximu m versa til ity from this machi ne all op erat ors should careful ly read an d follow th e instru cti ons in this man ual.
USA (This information is for facsimile option users only .) ❖ FCC Requirements 1. This equi pment compl ies with Part 68 of the FCC ru les. On the cover of this equ ipment is a label that conta ins, am ong other information, the FCC re gistratio n number and ringe r equival ence number (REN) fo r this equipmen t.
Introduction This man ual conta ins deta iled inst ructio ns on the operation a nd ma intenanc e of this m achine. To get maximu m versa til ity from this machi ne all op erat ors should careful ly read an d follow th e instru cti ons in this man ual.
USA (This information is for facsimile option users only .) ❖ FCC Requirements 1. This equi pment compl ies with Part 68 of the FCC ru les. On the cover of this equ ipment is a label that conta ins, am ong other information, the FCC re gistratio n number and ringe r equival ence number (REN) fo r this equipmen t.
Introduction This man ual conta ins deta iled inst ructio ns on the operation a nd ma intenanc e of this m achine. To get maximu m versa til ity from this machi ne all op erat ors should careful ly read an d follow th e instru cti ons in this man ual.
USA (This information is for facsimile option users only .) ❖ FCC Requirements 1. This equi pment compl ies with Part 68 of the FCC ru les. On the cover of this equ ipment is a label that conta ins, am ong other information, the FCC re gistratio n number and ringe r equival ence number (REN) fo r this equipmen t.
i Safety Information When using your machine, the following safety precauti ons should be always followed. Safety Du ri ng Operatio n In this manual, the following i mportant symbols are used: R WARNING: Ignoring this w arning c ould ca use serious injury or even d eath.
ii R WARNING: • Connect the po wer cord directly into a wall ou tlet and never use an ex- tensio n co rd. • Disconnect the powe r plug (by pulling the plug, not the cable) if the power ca ble or plug becom es fraye d or otherw ise dam aged.
iii R CAUTION: • Protect the equipment from dampness or wet weather, such as rain, snow, and so on. • Unplug the powe r cord from the wall outlet before yo u move the equipm ent. While moving the equipme nt, you should take care that t he power cord will not be damaged under the equipm ent.
iv R WARNING: • Before m oving the equi pment, be su re to pull all four handles fully out. Not doing this may result in an injury, such as getting yo ur finge rs pinched. After mov ing the equipmen t, return the four h andles to their orig inal p ositi ons.
v R CAUTION: • Keep the equipment away from humid ity and dust. Otherwise a fire or an electric shock might occur. • Do not place the equipment on an unstable or tilted surface. If it topples over, it could cause injury. • After you move the equipment, use the caster fixture to fix it in place.
vi How to Read this Manual Symbols In this manual, the following sy mbols are used: R WARNING: This symbol indicates a potentially ha zardous situation that might r esult in death o r serious injury when y ou misu se the m achine wi thout following the in- structions under this symbol.
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viii What you can do with this Machine (Copy Mode).
ix.
x TABLE OF CONTENTS Machine Types .......... .............. ......... .............. .............. .......... .............. ...... 1 Guide to Com ponents ............ ......... .............. .............. .......... .............. ...... 2 Guide .
xi Sort/Stack/Staple ........... .............. ......... .............. .............. ......... .............. 40 Sort—Sorting int o Sets (123, 123, 123) ...... ........... ........ ........ ........ ....... ...... 42 Stack—Stacking Together All Copies of a Page (111, 222, 333) .
xii Positive/ Negative—Copying in Complem entary Colors .................. .... 97 Image Repeat—Repe ating an Image........ ......... .............. .............. ......... 98 Double Copies—Copying the Image Twic e on One Page ....... ........ .
xiii 1. General Features 3 / 4 ........ ........ ..... ........ ........ ........ ....... ........ ...... ....... .... 148 1. General Features 4 / 4 ........ ........ ..... ........ ........ ........ ....... ........ ...... ....... .... 148 2. Adjust Image 1 / 2 .
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1 Machine Types There are two models of this machine. The main differenc es between them is copy speed. To make sure which model you have, See the inside front cover.
2 Guide to Components 1. Platen cover (option ) or Docu- ment Feeder (ADF) (option) Lower the platen co ver over origina ls placed on the exposure glass for cop ying. If you have the document feeder, insert a stack of ori ginals here. They will be fed automatical ly.
3 9. Operation panel See ⇒ P.10 “Operation Panel” . 10. Duplex unit (Unit for two-sided copies) Makes two -sided copie s. 11. Front cover Open to access the inside of the machine. 12. Pape r tray Set paper here. See ⇒ P .115 “ B Loading Paper ” .
4 1. Ventilation hole Prevents overheating . Do not obstruct the ventil ation hole by placi ng or leani ng an object near it. If the machine over- hea ts, a faul t mig ht occu r. Guide The guides of the internal tray minimize c urled copies when they are delivered.
5 ❖ If eithe r side o f the OHP transp arenc ies or t hin paper is curled Raise the left end of the guide until it clic ks. ❖ If the e nd of t he shee t is curled A Remove the guide.
6 Options 1. 1000-sheet finisher Sorts, stacks, and staples copies. 2. External tray If you select ed this as the output tray, copied paper is deliv ered here face down. See “15. Output Tra y” in the Sys- tem Settings. 3. Platen cover Lowe r this cover ov er origi nals for c opy- ing.
7 Function List Based on Options The functions that are availa ble to you depend on your machine configuration and which options you have. See the table below.
8 *1 Set the paper of t he same size KL in the paper trays. *2 Finisher requ ired. *3 Document feeder requi red. Combin e 2 pages → 1-sided ❍❍ 4 pa ges → 1-sided ❍❍ 4 pa ges → 2-sided .
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10 Operation Panel 1. Operation panel for facsimile mode (for machine with optional fax function) See the “Facsimi le Reference”. 2. { Sort er } key Sort/Rotate Sort/Shift So rt: automat ical- ly sorts copies. Rotate Stack/Shif t Stack: s tacks to gether copies of each page.
11 10. Main Power indicator This indic ator lights up when the main power switch is t urned on, and goes off when the switch i s turned off. 11. On ind icator This in dicato r light s up when the ope ra- tion switch is turned on, and goes off when the switch i s turned off.
12 22. <> keys (Cursor keys) Press to select an it em on the panel dis- play. 23. Operation panel for facsimile mode (for machines with optional fax function) See the “Facsimi le Reference”. 24. { Numb er } keys Use to enter the d esired number of copies and data for sel ected modes.
13 Panel Display The panel dis play shows operational status, error mess ages, and function menus. Important ❒ Do not apply a strong shock or force of about 30N (about 3kgf) or more to the panel display. Otherwise, the display might be damaged. Note ❒ When you select or specify an item on the panel di splay, it is highlighted like .
14 ❖ Displa y when co pying 1. Press this key after scanning to show approximately how much longer the current copy job will take. Note ❒ This feat ure is not available with some functions. 2. Each time y ou press this key, the display alternates between showing the number of originals, and the numb er of copy sets you specified .
15 Display Panel Layo ut The basic elements u sed on the display are shown below. Under standing their meaning helps you exploit this machine's features quickly and easily. ❖ Sample Display for Erasing the Center/Border 1. Operational stat us or message.
16.
17 1. Basics Starting the Machine To start the machi n e, turn on the op- eration switch. Note ❒ This machine automatically enter s Energ y Saver mode o r turns its elf off if you do not use the machine for a while. See “09 . Energy Saver Mode”, “10.
Basics 18 1 When the mach ine is set for u ser codes A Enter your user code using the number keys. Then press the { # } key. Note ❒ To prevent others from making copies wit h your us er code, press the { Clear Mode s/Energy Saver } key and the { Clear/St op } key s imulta neously af ter copy- ing.
Changing Modes 19 1 Changing Modes You can use this machine not only as a copier, but optionally as a fax, p rinter and scanner machine as well. Press the { Copy } , { Fax } , or { Pri nter /Scanne r } key to use each function.
Basics 20 1 Originals Sizes and Weight s of Recommended Origi nals ❖ Met ric vers io n ❖ Inch version Non-recommended originals for the document feeder Setting the following originals in the document feeder might cause paper mis- feeds or damage to the originals.
Originals 21 1 • Originals with any kind of coating, such as thermal fax paper, art pa per, alu- minum foil, carbon paper, or conduc tive paper • Originals with in dexes, tags, or other projec ting parts • Sticky originals s uch as translucent paper • Thin original that h as low stiffness • Originals of inappropriate weight ⇒ P .
Basics 22 1 ❖ Inch version *1 You can select from 8 1 / 2 " × 13", 8 1 / 4 " × 13" and 8" × 13" using the user to ol (syste m settings).
Copy Paper 23 1 Copy Paper Recommended Pap er Sizes and Types The following limitations apply to each tray: *1 When you set non-standard size paper in the bypass tray, you have to specify the size. See ⇒ P.51 “Copying fro m the Bypass Tray” . Important ❒ If you u se damp or curled pap er, a misfeed might occur.
Basics 24 1 Note ❒ When you use the bypass tray, it is recommended to set the copy paper direc- tion to L . ❒ Post cards should be fed from the bypass tray. ❒ If you load paper of the same size a n d in the same direction in two or more trays, the machine automatically shifts to another tray when the tray in use runs out of paper.
Copy Paper 25 1 ❒ If you make a copy on rough grain p aper, the copy image might be blurred. ❒ Do not use paper which has been copied or pri nted on. Paper Sto rage Note ❒ When storing paper, the following pr ecautions should always be followed: • Do not store paper where it will be exposed to direct sunlight.
Basics 26 1 Toner Handling Ton er R WARNING: R CAUTION: R CAUTION: Important ❒ If you use toner other than that rec ommended, a fault might occur. Reference If you want to add toner , see ⇒ P.
27 2. Copying Basic Procedur e Note ❒ As default this machine is initially in Duplex mode (1-sided → 2-sid- ed). You can c ancel Duplex mode by pressing the { Duplex } key. Yo u can also ch ange the default val ue. See “10. Duplex Pr iority” in ⇒ P.
Co pyin g 28 2 - Auto Reset The machine returns to its initial c on- dition automatically after your job is finished, after a certai n period of time. This function is called “Auto Reset”. Note ❒ You can change the Au to Reset time. See “11. Auto Re set” in ⇒ P.
Setting Originals 29 2 Setting Originals Limita tion ❒ Set the original after c orrection flu- id and ink has completely dried. Not takin g this precau tion could mark the exposure glass and cau se marks to be copied. Note ❒ Basically the origina ls should be aligned to the rear left corner.
Co pyin g 30 2 Setting Or igi nals in the Document Feeder Note ❒ Do not stack originals above the limit mark. ❒ The last page should be o n the bot- tom.
Setting Originals 31 2 Using SADF and Thin Paper Modes SADF mode If you set one set of originals at a time in the document feeder, the second and subsequent originals can be fed automatically w ithout press ing the { Sta rt } key. Limita tion ❒ Copying or scanning speed might be a little reduced.
Co pyin g 32 2 G Set the next original while the Auto Feed ind icator is lit. The second and subsequent origi- nals can be fed au tomatically with- out pressing the { Star t } key. Note ❒ You c an adjust the time the ma- chine waits before being ready for the next o riginal.
Setting Originals 33 2 Note ❒ To deselec t [ Thin Paper ] , press the [ Select ] key again. E Press the [ Exit ] key. Mixed Siz e Mode When originals of differ ent sizes are set on the document feeder at the same time, the machine automa tically checks the siz e of the originals and makes copies.
Co pyin g 34 2 Basic Functions The following basic functions ar e ex- plained in this section. ❖ Adjusting Copy Image Density Auto and Manual Image Density ❖ Selecting O riginal Type Setting Text .
Basic Functions 35 2 B Press t he { Lighter } or { Dark er } key to adjust the image densi- ty. Combine d Auto and Manual Image Density A Mak e sure that the Auto Image Density indicator is lit. B Press t he { Lighter } or { Dark er } key to adjust the density.
Co pyin g 36 2 Selectin g Copy Paper There are two ways to select copy pa- per: ❖ Auto Paper Select The machine s elects a sui table size of copy paper a u tomatically base d on the original size and the re pro- duction ratio. ❖ Manual Paper Selec t You can selec t the de sired copy pa- per size manually.
Basic Functions 37 2 Auto P aper Se lect A Make sure that the Auto (Aut o Paper Select) is selected. Manual Paper Select A Select the pape r tray or bypass tray by pressing the [ Paper ] or <> key.
Co pyin g 38 2 Auto Reduce/ Enlarge—Having the Ma chine Choo se the Reprodu cti on Ratios The machine can choose an ap propri- ate reproduction ratio ba sed on the paper and original sizes you select. Limita tion ❒ You can not use the bypa ss tray with this fu nction.
Basic Functions 39 2 A Press the { Auto Re duce/Enlarge } key. B Select the paper tray by pressing the [ Pap er ] or <> . ND2C0109.
Co pyin g 40 2 Sort/Stack /Staple The ma chine c an scan your origina ls into memory and automatically sort the copies. ❖ Sort •S o r t • Rotate Sort • Shift Sort (the optional finisher requir.
Sort/Stack/Staple 41 2 ❖ Inch version ❒ The max imum tr ay capaci ty might be less than the above when you use th e Rotate Sort, P unch, or Sta- ple fu nction . ❒ The max imum tr ay capaci ty might also be reduced when copy pap er is considerably curled.
Co pyin g 42 2 ❒ The punch hole position vari es slightly from page to page. Reference If the punch waste bo x is full, s ee ⇒ P.140 “ y Removing Punch Waste” . For the size and thickness (paper weight) of paper to which punch- ing is a pplicable, s ee ⇒ P.
Sort/Stack/Staple 43 2 ❒ To use the Rotate Sort func tion, two paper trays identical in s ize and different in direc tion ( K L ) are required. ❒ The paper sizes that can be used in Shift Sort function are as foll ows: Reference For the paper capacity of the op- tional finisher, s ee ⇒ P.
Co pyin g 44 2 B Set the next originals. Note ❒ Set the original in the same direction as the firs t one. C After all originals are scann ed, press the { # } key. The copies are delivere d to the tra y. When setting a stack of originals in the d ocument feeder in SADF mode Reference ⇒ P.
Sort/Stack/Staple 45 2 ❒ To use the Rotate Stac k function, two paper trays identical in s ize and different in direction ( KL ) are required. Reference For the max imum t ray capa cit y of the optional finisher, s ee ⇒ P.46 “Staple” . A Press the { Sorter } key until the Stack indicator (bottom) is lit.
Co pyin g 46 2 C After all originals are scann ed, press the { # } key. The copies are delivere d to the tra y. When setting a stack of originals in the d ocument feeder in SADF mode Reference ⇒ P.31 “SADF mode” A Set an original in the document feeder, then press the { Start } key.
Sort/Stack/Staple 47 2 ❖ Inch version ❒ In the following cas es, the copies will be delivered to the s hift tray without s tapling. • When t he number of c opies for one set is over the stapler c apac- ity. • When memory reaches 0% dur- ing copying.
Co pyin g 48 2 ❖ 3000- sheet finis her When your machine is equippe d with the 3000-sheet finis her, sta- pling positions whe n there is copy paper that is identical in s ize and direction as your original are as follows: *1 Orig inal imag es ar e not rotat ed.
Sort/Stack/Staple 49 2 B Select one of fo ur stapling posi- tions. Note ❒ When your machine is equipped with the 1000-sheet finisher, this display is not available. Go to Step E . C To make pu nch holes, press the [ Punch ] key. Note ❒ If yo u do not wish t o make punc h hol es, go to Ste p D .
Co pyin g 50 2 B Set the next original. C After all originals are scann ed, press the { # } key. The copies are delivere d to the tra y. To stop scan n ing When you are using the Sort, Stack, or Staple function, the originals are scanned into m emory.
Copying from the Bypass Tray 51 2 Copying from the Bypass Tray Use the bypass tray to copy onto OHP transparencies, a d hesive labels, trans- lucent paper, p ost cards , and copy pa- per that cannot be set in the paper tray. Limita tion ❒ You cannot use the bypas s tray for the Duplex f unction.
Co pyin g 52 2 Note ❒ Do not stack paper over t he lim- it mark; otherwise a skew image or paper misfeeds might occu r. ❒ If the beeper is turned off, light- ly insert the copy paper until it stops. See “S etting s You Can Change With The User Tools” in the System S ettings.
Copying from the Bypass Tray 53 2 G Press the [ Exi t ] key. Note ❒ When copyin g onto OHP transparencies or thick pa- per. ⇒ P.54 “When copying onto OH P transp arencies o r thick paper” When.
Co pyin g 54 2 E Select the desired size with the <> keys, then press the [ OK ] key. F Press the [ Exi t ] key. Note ❒ When copyin g onto OHP transparencies or thick pa- per. ⇒ P.54 “When copying onto OH P transp arencies o r thick paper” E Set your originals, then press the { Start } key.
Copying from the Bypass Tray 55 2 D Press the { # } key. E Press the [ Ppr. Type ] key. F Select [ OHP ] or [ Thick Paper ] with the <> keys. Then, p ress the [ OK ] key. G Press the [ Ppr. Size ] key. H Select the paper size, then press the [ OK ] key.
Co pyin g 56 2 Program—Storing your Copy Settings in Memory You can sto re fre quent ly us ed cop y job settings in machine memory, and recall them for future use. ❖ Storing Your Settings You can store y our setting s you frequently use. ❖ Deleting A Progra m You can delete a stored program.
Program—Storing your Copy Settings in Memory 57 2 Note ❒ Program numbers with m al- ready have settings in them. ❒ If this program number is al- ready being used, the machine will ask you if you wish to over- write it - press the [ Yes ] or [ No ] key.
Co pyin g 58 2 Recallin g a Program You can recall a s tored progra m. A Press the { Program } key. B Select the program number you want to recall with the <> keys . Then, press the [ OK ] key. The stored settings are disp layed. Note ❒ Only programs with m .
Other Functions 59 2 Other Functions Energy Save r Mode — Savin g Energy If you do not operate the mach ine for a certain period after c opying, or when you press and hold the { Clear Modes/En ergy Save r } key for more than one second, the displ ay disappears and the machine enters Energy Saver mode.
Co pyin g 60 2 Interr uptin g during copying aft er all origin als have been fe d A Press the { Interr upt } key. The Interrup t key lights. Note ❒ Copying will not stop y et. B Set your origin al. C Press the { Start } key. The machine s tops the original j ob and starts copying your original.
Preset Reduce/Enlarge—Reducing and En largi ng using Preset Ratios 61 2 Preset Reduce/Enlarge—Reducing and Enlarging using Preset Ratios You can selec t a preset ratio for copy- ing. Note ❒ You can selec t one of 12 pr esent ra- tios (5 enlargement ratios, 7 reduc- tion ratios).
Co pyin g 62 2 ❖ Inch version *1 Type 2 o nly *2 Type 1 o nly A Press the [ Enla rge ] or [ Reduce ] key to select a ratio. Note ❒ Another preset ratio is dis- played every time you press the key. B Set your originals, then press the { Start } key.
Zoom—Reducing and Enlarging in 1% Steps 63 2 Zoom—Reducing and Enlarging in 1% Steps You can change the reproduction ra- tio in 1% steps. Note ❒ The following ratios can be select- ed: •T y p .
Co pyin g 64 2 Note ❒ To change the ratio entered, press the { Clear/ Stop } key and enter the ne w ratio. C Set your originals, then press the { Start } key.
Directional Size Magnification (Inch)—Stretching and Squeezing the Image into the Copy Ar ea 65 2 Directional Size Magnification (Inch)— Stretching and Squeezing the Image into the Copy Area The s.
Co pyin g 66 2 Note ❒ To change the value entered: • If you have not pressed th e { # } key yet, press the { Clear / Stop } key and enter the new value. • If you h ave already pressed the { # } key, se lect the [ Orig.:Vrt. ] with the <> keys and enter the ne w value.
Directional Magnification (%)—Stretching and Squeezing the Image in 1% Steps 67 2 Directional Magnification (%)—Stretching and Squeezing the Image in 1% St eps Copies can be reduc ed or enlarged at different re production ratios horizon- tally and vertically.
Co pyin g 68 2 D Enter the des ired horizont al rat io with the number keys. Then, press the [ OK ] key. Note ❒ To change the nu mber entered, press the { # } key or the <> keys, then enter the new num- ber. E Set your originals, then press the { Start } key.
Margin Adjustment—Adjusting the Margin 69 2 Margin Adjustment—Adjusting the Margin You can shift the image either left or right to make a binding margin. Limita tion ❒ If you set too wide mar g in, are as you do not w ant to delete might be erased.
Co pyin g 70 2 Note ❒ To change the value entered, press the { Clear /Stop } key and enter the new value. E To specify a binding margin for back pages, press the [ Back ] key. Note ❒ You can specify the back margin only when the Duplex or the Two-Sided copy with Combine is selected.
Erase Center/Border—Erasing the Center and the Border 71 2 Erase Center/Border—Erasing the Center and the Border This function er ases the center and/ or all four sides of the original i m age, such as book original s.
Co pyin g 72 2 B Select the [ Erase Ctr. /Bdr. ] with the <> keys. Then, press the [ Select ] key. C Select the part to be erased. Center A Press the [ Cente r ] key. B Enter the center width with the number keys. Then press the [ OK ] key. Note ❒ To change the value entered, press the { Clear/ Stop } key and enter the ne w value.
Erase Center/Border—Erasing the Center and the Border 73 2 C Press the [ Exi t ] key. D Set your originals, then press the { Start } key. ND2C0104.
Co pyin g 74 2 Combine—Combining Originals into One Copy The optiona l document feeder is required to use this function. You can make 1 sheet of copi es from 2 or more one sided origin als.
Combine—Combining Originals into One C opy 75 2 ❖ 4 pages → 2-si ded 4 one sided paper are copie d onto 1 two-sided sheet, 2 origi nal imag- es on each si de.
Co pyin g 76 2 ❒ Wh en th e num ber o f or igin als placed is less than the number specified for combining, the last page (s) will be copied blank as shown in the il lustration.
Combine—Combining Originals into One C opy 77 2 E Select th e desired c o mbine mode s with the <> keys. Then, p ress the [ OK ] key. F Press the [ Exit ] key. G Press the [ Pap er ] key or <> keys to select the copy paper. H Set your origin als.
Co pyin g 78 2 Series/Booklet Copies—Making One- Sided Copies from Various Originals And making Various Copies from a Bound Original You can make on e-sided copies from two fa cing pag es of bou nd (book ) originals and from two-sided origi- nals.
Series/Booklet Copies— Making One-Sided Copies from Various Originals And making Various Copies from a Bound Original 79 2 A If Duplex mode is s elected, press the { Duplex } key to canc el the mode. B Press the { Menu } key. Note ❒ If you have not c hanged the de- fault se tting press the 1 { Series / Booklet } key.
Co pyin g 80 2 2-Sid ed → 1-Sided—Maki ng One-sided Cop i es fro m Two - sided Origi nal s The optio nal docum ent feeder is requi red to use this function. A If Duplex mode is s elected, press the { Duplex } key to canc el the mode. B Press the { Menu } key.
Series/Booklet Copies— Making One-Sided Copies from Various Originals And making Various Copies from a Bound Original 81 2 4 pages → Magazine—Maki ng a Magaz ine fro m One-side d Four Origi nals Copies two or more originals to make copies in page order when they are folded and stacked.
Co pyin g 82 2 A Press the { Menu } key. B Press t he [ ↓ Next ] key until the [ Se- ries/Boo klet ] is d isp lay ed . C Select [ Series /Booklet ] with the <> keys. Then press the [ Select ] key. D Select the [ 4pg → Magazine ] with the <> keys.
Series/Booklet Copies— Making One-Sided Copies from Various Originals And making Various Copies from a Bound Original 83 2 ❒ If the calc ulated ratio is under the minimum ratio, it is corrected within the range of the ratio auto- matically. Ho wever, with some ra- tios, parts of the image might not be copied or blank margins appear on co pies.
Co pyin g 84 2 - Making a booklet If you want to make a booklet from 16 originals, fold copies as shown in the illustration. 6 3 1 16 9 8 5 1 16 9 1.
Duplex—Making Two-Sided Copies 85 2 Duplex—Making Two-Sided Copies There are three ways i n this function: ❖ 1-side d → 2-si ded This m ode makes two-s ided copies from one-sided origin als. ❖ Book → 2-si ded This m ode makes two-s ided copies from facing pages of a boun d orig- inal (book).
Co pyin g 86 2 ❒ When original images ar e copied, the images are shifted by a width of binding ma rgin. You can a djust the binding margin or binding po- sition. You can also change their default values. See “4. Margin Ad- just B ack” in ⇒ P.
Duplex—Making Two-Sided Copies 87 2 A Press the { Duplex } key until the 1- Sided → 2-Sid ed indi cator (top) is lit. B Set your origin als. When setting a stack of originals in the d ocument feeder A Set a stack of o riginals in the document feeder, then press the { Sta rt } key.
Co pyin g 88 2 C Select t he [ Or ien tat io n ] with the <> keys. Then press the [ Select ] key. D Select the desired orientation with the <> keys.
Duplex—Making Two-Sided Copies 89 2 Note ❒ The last page should be on the bottom. When sett ing an origi nal on the exposure gl ass A Set an original on the exposure gl ass, th en pres s the { Start } key. Note ❒ Start with the first page to be copie d.
Co pyin g 90 2 Cover/Paper Designate—Adding or Inserting Sheets In this function, you can add or insert cover or paper des ignate. There are three types in this function: ❖ Front Cover The first page of your originals is copied on a specific paper sheets for covers.
Cover/Paper Designate—Adding or Inserting Sheets 91 2 C Press the [ Select ] key. D Press the [ Front ] key. E Specify wh ether to copy on a cov- er sheet wi th the <> keys. Then, press the [ OK ] key. F Press the [ Exit ] key. G Set cover sheets on the by pass tray.
Co pyin g 92 2 A Press the { Menu } key. B Press the [ ↓ Next ] key until [ Cover / Ppr. Des. ] is d isp lay ed . C Press the [ Select ] key. D Press the [ Both ] key. E Speci fy whether to c opy on a cov- er sheet with the <> keys. Then, press the [ OK ] key.
Cover/Paper Designate—Adding or Inserting Sheets 93 2 Paper Designa te—Copying Designate d Pages of Ori ginals onto Slip Shee ts Any specified page of your originals is copied on s pecific paper sheets for slip sheet. Note ❒ You can specify up to 10 page numbers.
Co pyin g 94 2 G When you finish sp ecifying the page number (s), press the [ OK ] key. Note ❒ To change the nu mber entered, select the des ired item with the <> keys, then enter the new number. H Press the [ Exit ] key. I Press the [ Exit ] key.
OHP Slip Sheet—Copying or Inserting Slip S heet 95 2 OHP Slip Sheet—Copying or Inserting Slip Sheet Whenever a di fferent original i s cop- ied in OHP Slip Sheet mo de, a slip sheet will be placed after each copy, or a slip sheet will be fed and the same original image is copied onto this slip sheet.
Co pyin g 96 2 E Specify whether to copy on a slip sheet with the <> keys. Then, press the [ OK ] key. F Set OHP transpar encies in the by- pass tray. G Press the [ Exit ] key. H Set the slip sheets in the pap er tray, then select this tray pressing the [ Pap er ] key or the <> keys.
Positive/Negative—Copying in C omplementary Colors 97 2 Positive/Negative—Copying in Complementary Colors If you use a black and whi te original, black and white areas of the original are reversed. A Press the { Menu } key. B Press the [ ↓ Next ] key until [ Posi- tive/ Negative ] is d isp lay ed .
Co pyin g 98 2 Image Repeat—Repeating an Image You can copy the original image re- peatedly, or m ake two copies of the same image on one sheet. There are two types in this function: ❖ Double Copies The one original image is copied twice on one copy.
Image Repeat—Repeating an Image 99 2 A Press the { Menu } key. B Press the [ ↓ Next ] key until [ Image Repeat ] is displayed. C Select [ Im age R epeat ] with the < > keys. Then, press the [ Select ] key. D Press the [ OK ] key. E Set your originals, then press the { Start } key.
Co pyin g 100 2 ❖ Origina l : 5 1 / 2 " × 8 1 / 2 " K /C opy pa per: 8 1 / 2 " × 11" L or Origi nal: 5 1 / 2 " × 8 1 / 2 " L /Cop y pa p er 8 1 / 2 " × 11" K ❒ Part of a repeated image might not be cop ied de pending o n copy pa - per size, copy pap er direction or reproduction ratio.
Archive File—Storing the Images of your Originals into Memory 101 2 Archive File—Storing the Images of your Originals into Memory You can store images you frequently use, and recall an d copy them any time. There are four typ es in this function: ❖ Storing The Images Stores image pages you frequently use.
Co pyin g 102 2 C Select [ Archive File ] with the < > keys. Then, press the [ Select ] key. D Press the [ Store ] key. E Select the file number you w ant to store the images in with the <> keys. Then , press the [ OK ] key. Note ❒ Fil e numbe rs w ith m already have images in them.
Archive File—Storing the Images of your Originals into Memory 103 2 ❒ Start with the firs t page of your ori ginals. 1: Reference position H Press the [ OK ] key. Deleting the St ore d Images You can delete images alre ady stored. Important ❒ Once you delete the stored images, you can not recover them.
Co pyin g 104 2 F Press the [ Yes ] key. Note ❒ To cancel deletion, pres s the [ No ] key. G Press the [ Exit ] key. Printin g a List of the St ore d Images You can make a combi ned copy of each first page of all the stored files (8 pages into one 1-sided, o r 16 pages into one 2-sided).
Archive File—Storing the Images of your Originals into Memory 105 2 E Select the [ 8pages → 1sided ] or [ 16pages → 2sid ed ] with the < > keys. F Press the { Start } key. Recallin g the Stor ed Imag es You can recall stored images to copy them onto A4, 8 1 / 2 " × 11" paper.
Co pyin g 106 2 Combination Chart The combination chart given below shows whic h modes can be used together. When you read the chart, please refer to the following table. The following shows the combinations of function s. ✩ means th at these modes can be used toge ther.
Combination Chart 107 2 *1 When you select the mode afte r you select, the machine retur ns to Auto Reduce/En- large mode. H owever, you can sele ct the mode before you sel ect again.
Co pyin g 108 2.
109 3. What to do if Something Goes Wrong If Your Machine does not Operate as You Want Message Machine's Cond ition Problem/Cause Action The machine i nstructs you to wai t. The machine i s warming up. Wait for the machine to warm-up. Reference You can use Auto St art mode during warm-up period.
What to do if Something Goes Wrong 110 3 Display You cannot ent er the de- sired copy set number. The number of copies ex- ceeds the maximum co py quantity . You can change t he maxi- mum copy quanti ty that you can mak e at a ti me. See “05. Maximum cop y quan- tity” in ⇒ P.
If you cannot Make Clear Copies 111 3 If you cannot Make Clear Copies Problem Cause Action Copies app ear dirty. The image densit y is too dark. Adjust the image den sity. ⇒ P.34 “Adjusting Copy Im- age Density” . Auto Image D ensity is not selected.
What to do if Something Goes Wrong 112 3 If you can not Make Copies as you Want Adjust I mage Problem Cause Action Copies are not stapled. There are j ammed staples in the st apler. Remove jammed stapl es. See ⇒ P.135 “ e Removing Jammed Staples” .
If you cannot Make Copies as you Want 113 3 Combine, Seri es/ Booklet In Margi n Adjustment mode, part s of the orig inal image are not copi ed. You set the wi de erased marg in. Set the narro w margin with the user too ls. See “3. Marg. Adj.Fr ont” in ⇒ P.
What to do if Something Goes Wrong 114 3 Duplex Problem Cause Action Order of copies is not cor- rect. You set origina ls in th e in- correct o rder. When setting a stack of origina ls in the document feeder, the last pag e should be on the botto m. If you set an or iginal on t he exposure glass, st art with the first p age to be copi ed.
B Loading Paper 115 3 B Loading Paper Note ❒ If you wan t to cha nge the paper size, see ⇒ P.128 “Changing the Pa- per Size” . Reference Regarding paper types and siz es that can be set, see ⇒ P.23 “Copy Paper” . A Pull out the paper tray until it stops.
What to do if Something Goes Wrong 116 3 B When th e key s tops bl inki ng and lights up, open the top co ver. Note ❒ Make sure no paper shee t is in- volved in the feeding part of the Large Capacity Tray. Remove the sheet, if any. C Place the paper in the tray along the edge on the left.
D Adding Toner 117 3 D Adding Toner When D is displayed, it is time to supply toner. R WARNING: R CAUTION: R CAUTION: Important ❒ If you use toner other than that rec ommended, a fault might occur. ❒ When adding t oner, do not turn off the p ower switch.
What to do if Something Goes Wrong 118 3 • 3: Push the green lever, and gent ly pull out the hold er. • 4: Press the toner bottle backward to raise its hea d, then gentl y pull out t he bottl e. • 5: H old a n ew bo ttle h orizo ntal ly and shake it 5 or 6 times.
D Adding Toner 119 3 • 8: Push the holder until it clic ks. • 9: Push down the green holder. • 10: Close the front cover of t he ma- chine. Toner6.
What to do if Something Goes Wrong 120 3 x Clearing Misfeeds R CAUTION: Important ❒ When clearing misf eeds, do not turn off the power switch. If you do, your copy settings are c leared. ❒ To prevent misfeeds, do not leave any torn scraps of paper withi n the ma- chine.
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What to do if Something Goes Wrong 122 3.
x Clearing Misfeeds 123 3.
What to do if Something Goes Wrong 124 3 1 R1 2 1. Open the front cover of the finisher. 2. Hold up handle R1 and remove misfed paper. 1 2 R2 3. If you cannot remove misfed paper, hold down handle R2 and remove misfed paper. 1 2 R3 4. Hold up handle R3 and remove misfed paper.
x Clearing Misfeeds 125 3 P Y R D C Z A B E U 1000-sheet finisher 1. Remove misfed paper. 2. If you cannot remove misfed paper, open the top cover. 3. Remove misfed paper. 1 2 4. If you cannot remove misfed paper, pull out the front cover and remove misfed paper.
What to do if Something Goes Wrong 126 3.
x Clearing Misfeeds 127 3.
What to do if Something Goes Wrong 128 3 Changing the Paper Size Important ❒ Be sure to s elect paper size with the user tools. Otherwise, m isfeeds migh t occ ur. Reference For paper sizes, weight, and capac- ity that can be set in each tray, see ⇒ P.
Changing the Paper Size 129 3 Note ❒ Shuffle the paper before setting it in the tray. ❒ Make sure the leading corners of the paper are under the cor- ners. G Adjust the back fenc e to the new paper si ze. Note ❒ For 11" × 17" paper, put the back fence inside A.
What to do if Something Goes Wrong 130 3 d Adding Staples R CAUTION: Important ❒ If you use a staple cartridge othe r t han that recommended, staple f ailure or staple jams migh t occur.
d Adding Staples 131 3 • 4: Push in the new refi ll until it clicks. • 5: Pull out the ribbon. • 6: Reinstall the cartridge. • 7: Close the front cover.
What to do if Something Goes Wrong 132 3 3000-Sh eet Fini sher • 1: Open the front cover of th e finisher. • 2: Pull out the staple un it. • 3: Lift the cartri dge until it cl icks.
d Adding Staples 133 3 • 5 : Tak e out the empty refill i n the di- rection of t he arrow. • 6: Align the arrows on t he new refill and the cart ridge, then pu sh in the re- fill until it click s. • 7: Pull out the ribbon. • 8: Reinstall the cartridge.
What to do if Something Goes Wrong 134 3 • 9: Press down the cartridge unt i l it clicks. • 10: Bring th e stap le unit back in to place. • 11: Close the front cover of the finisher .
e Removing Jammed Staples 135 3 e Removing Jammed Staples Note ❒ Staples might be jammed because of curled copies. In this case, try turning the copy paper over in the tray.
What to do if Something Goes Wrong 136 3 • 3: Open the face plate. • 4: Remov e the jammed staples. • 5: Reinstall the cartridge. • 6: Close the front cover.
e Removing Jammed Staples 137 3 3000-Sh eet Fini sher • 1: Open the front cover of th e finisher. • 2: Pull out the staple un it. • 3: Lift the cartri dge until it cl icks.
What to do if Something Goes Wrong 138 3 • 5: Open the face plate by pressing t he lo ck on the ri ght. • 6: Remov e the jammed staples. • 7: Close the face plate by pressing it unt il it cli cks.
e Removing Jammed Staples 139 3 • 9: Press down the cartridge unt i l it clicks. • 10: Bring th e stap le unit back in to place. • 11: Close the front cover of the finisher .
What to do if Something Goes Wrong 140 3 y Removing Punch Waste Note ❒ While the y indicator is lit, you cannot use the punch function. A Open the front cover of the 3000- sheet finisher. B Pull out the punch waste box and remove pu nch waste. C Reinstall the punch waste box.
141 4. User Tools (Copy Features) Accessing the U ser Tools (Copy Features) This section is for the key operators in change of this machine. You can change or set the machine' s default setting s. Preparation After using the user tools, be sure to exit from user tools.
User Tools (Copy Features) 142 4 Exiting from User Tools A After changing the user tools set- tings, press the { User Tool s/ Counter } key. Note ❒ The settings are not canceled even if the power switc h is turned off or the { Cl ear M odes / Ene rg y Sav er } key is presse d.
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User Tools (Copy Features) 144 4 User Tools Menu (Copy Features).
User Tools Menu (Copy Features) 145 4.
User Tools (Copy Features) 146 4 Settings you can Change with the User Tools Reference For how to acces s the user tools, s ee ⇒ P.1 41 “Accessing the User Tool s (Copy Features)” .
Settings you can Change with the User Tools 147 4 1. Gen eral Features 2 / 4 04. Show All Keys You can specify whether all the k eys are displayed. If you change the defaul t setting to [ No ] , the display shows as fol- lows : Note ❒ Defaul t: Yes Menu Descrip tion 05.
User Tools (Copy Features) 148 4 1. Gen eral Features 3 / 4 1. Gen eral Features 4 / 4 Menu Descrip tion 09. Slip Sheet Tray You can select a special tray for slip sheets. Note ❒ Defaul t: • Machine with bypa ss tray: Bypass • Machine without bypass tray: Non e 10.
Settings you can Change with the User Tools 149 4 2. Adjus t Image 1 / 2 Reg. User Code You can regi ster user codes. Note ❒ Up to 50 u ser codes (8 digits or less) can be registe r ed. Chg/Del User Co de You can change o r delete user cod es. Note ❒ The number of copies mad e under the old code is added to that made under the new user cod e.
User Tools (Copy Features) 150 4 3. Marg. Adj. Front You can adju s t the m argin wi dth on t he front side of copies in Margi n Adjust mode. You ca n change this setti ng as fol- lows : • Metric version: 0 – 3 0mm in 1mm steps • Inch version: 0 – 1.
Settings you can Change with the User Tools 151 4 2. Adjus t Image 2 / 2 Menu Descrip tion 5. Double Copy You can sele ct a separation line in D ouble Copy mod e from no line, So lid line, Br oken line, o r Crop marks.
User Tools (Copy Features) 152 4 6. Combine Copy You can sel ect a sepa ration line in Combine mod e from no line, Sol id line, Br oken line 1 , Broken li ne 2, or Cro p marks.
Settings you can Change with the User Tools 153 4 7. Image Repeat You can select a separation l ine in Image Repeat mode from no line, So lid line, Br oken line 1, Broken line 2, or Crop marks. •N o n e •S o l i d • Broken Line 1 • Broken Line 2 •C r o p M a r k s Note ❒ Defaul t: None (no line) 8.
User Tools (Copy Features) 154 4 3. Inpu t/Output 1 / 2 Menu Descrip tion 1. Duplex Auto Eject When maki ng two-sided copi es from one-sided originals, if the last original is an odd page, the last copy will be auto- mati cally de livere d with th e reve rse side bl ank.
Settings you can Change with the User Tools 155 4 3. Inpu t/Output 2 / 2 Menu Descrip tion 5. Rotate Sor t You can enabl e or disable thi s function if the paper tra y in use run s out of pa per while using Rot ate Sort or Rotate Stack.
User Tools (Copy Features) 156 4 4. Short cut Keys 1 / 1 8. Mem.full-AutoSt rt When t he memory becomes full whi le scanning orig inals, the machine can make copies of the scanned ori ginals first, then automat ically pro ceed s to sca nning the remai ning origin als.
157 5. Remarks Do's and don'ts R CAUTION: Important ❒ If you wan t to unplug t he power co rd or turn off the main power sw itch, make sure that the remaining memory space indicates 100% on the display for facsimile mode. ❒ While the machine is unpl ugged, you can neither send nor receive a fax.
Re mark s 158 5 Where to Put your Machine Machine Env ironment Your machine's l ocation should be carefully chosen because environmental con- ditions greatly affect its pe rformance. Optimum environmental conditions R CAUTION: R CAUTION: • Temperature: 10 – 3 2 ° C (50 – 89.
Where to Put your Machine 159 5 Power C onnection R WARNING: R CAUTION: R CAUTION: • When the main sw itch is in the Stand-by positio ns, the optional anti-c onden- sation heaters are on. In case of emergency, unplu g the machine's p ower cord.
Re mark s 160 5 Access to Mac hine Place the machine nea r the power source, providing c learance as shown. 1. Rear: more than 10cm (4.0") 2. Right: more than 20cm (8.
Maintaining your Machine 161 5 Maintaining your Machine If the exposure glas s, platen covers or document feeder belt is dirty, you might not be able to make copies as you w ant. Cle an them if yo u find them dirty. ❖ Cleani ng the machine Wipe the machin e with a soft, damp clot h.
Re mark s 162 5.
163 6. Specification Mainframe ❖ Configuration: Desktop ❖ Photo sensitiv ity type: OPC dr um ( Φ 60) ❖ Original scanning: One-dimens ional solid s canning system thro ugh CCD ❖ Copy process: .
Specification 164 6 ❖ Copy paper size: • Trays: A3 L – A5 L , 1 1" × 17" L – 5 1 / 2 " × 8 1 / 2 " L •B y p a s s : A 3 L – A6 L , 11" × 17" L – 5 1 / 2 " × 8 1 / 2 " L • Bypass (n on-standard size): Vertical: 100 – 297mm, 4.
Mainframe 165 6 ❖ Reproduction ratio: Preset reproduction ratios: Zoom: •T y p e 1 Metric version: 25 – 400% Inch version: 25 – 400% •T y p e 2 Metric version: 35 – 400% Inch version: 32 .
Specification 166 6 • System *1 Mainframe wi th the d ocument feeder, bri d ge uni t, paper tray unit, large capac- ity tray, and 1000-sheet finisher. *2 Mainframe wi th the d ocument feeder, bri d ge uni t, paper tray unit, large capac- ity tray, and 3000-sheet finisher.
Mainframe 167 6 ❖ Noise Emissio n: Sound power level: The measu rement are made according to ISO7779. *1 for Type 1: Mainframe with the d ocument feeder, 1000-sheet fini sher, bridge uni t, pape r tra y unit , and la rge cap acity tray.
Specification 168 6 Document Feede r (Option) ❖ Mode: ADF mo de, S ADF mode ❖ Original size: •A 3 L – A5 KL • 11" × 17" L – 5 1 / 2 " × 8 1 / 2 " KL ❖ Original weig.
Paper Tray Unit (Option) 169 6 Paper Tray Unit (Option) ❖ Copy paper weight: 64 – 105g/m 2 (20 – 28 lb) ❖ Available paper size: A3 L , B4 L , A4 KL , B5 KL , A5 L , 11" × 17" L , 8 .
Specification 170 6 Internal Tray 2 (1bin Tray) (Option) ❖ Number of bins: 1 ❖ Available paper size: A3 L , B4 L , A4 KL , B5 KL , A5 L , 11" × 17" L , 8 1 / 2 " × 14" L , 8 .
1000-Sheet Finisher (Option) 171 6 1000-Sheet Finisher (Option) ❖ Paper size: A3 L , B4 L , A4 KL , B5 KL , A5 KL , B6 L , A6 L , 11" × 17" L , 8 1 / 2 " × 14" L , 8 1 / 2 &quo.
Specification 172 6 3000-Sheet Finisher (Option) Note ❒ Optional unit for Type 3. Shift Tray: ❖ Paper size: A3 L , B4 L , A4 KL , B5 KL , 11" × 17" L , 8 1 / 2 " × 14" L , 8 .
3000-Sheet Finisher (Option) 173 6 ❖ Staple paper size: A3 L , B4 L , A4 KL , B5 KL , 11" × 17" L , 8 1 / 2 " × 11" KL ❖ Staple paper weight: 64 – 80g/m 2 , 17 – 21 lb ❖ Staple posit ion: • 1 staple – 3 positions • 2 stap les – 1 positi on ❖ Power consumption: 48W (power is supplie d from the main frame.
Specification 174 6 Punch Kit (Option) Note ❒ Optional unit for the 3000- sheet finisher. ❖ Paper size (2 holes version): • L : A3 – A5, 11" × 17" – 8 1 / 2 " × 11" •.
Large Capacity Tray (LCT) (Option) 175 6 Large Capacity Tray (LCT) (Option) ❖ Paper size: A4 K , 8 1 / 2 " × 11" K ❖ Paper weight: 64 – 105g/m 2 , 20 – 28 lb ❖ Paper capacity: 1,500 sheets (80g/m 2 , 20 lb) ❖ Power consumption Approx.
176 INDEX 1000-she et finisher , 6 , 40 , 130 , 135 , 17 1 1 bin tra y , 6 , 170 3000-she et finisher , 6 , 40 , 132 , 137 , 17 2 A Access to Machine , 160 Adding Staples , 130 Adding Toner , 117 ADF .
177 Main power switch , 2 , 17 Mainta ining , 16 1 Manual Image Den sity , 34 Margin Adjustment , 69 Menu key , 11 Message , 109 Mixed Size Mode , 33 Mixed Sizes key , 11 N Num ber k eys , 12 O OHP Sl.
178 UE USA A284 UE USA A283.
Een belangrijk punt na aankoop van elk apparaat Ricoh 450e (of zelfs voordat je het koopt) is om de handleiding te lezen. Dit moeten wij doen vanwege een paar simpele redenen:
Als u nog geen Ricoh 450e heb gekocht dan nu is een goed moment om kennis te maken met de basisgegevens van het product. Eerst kijk dan naar de eerste pagina\'s van de handleiding, die je hierboven vindt. Je moet daar de belangrijkste technische gegevens Ricoh 450e vinden. Op dit manier kan je controleren of het apparaat aan jouw behoeften voldoet. Op de volgende pagina's van de handleiding Ricoh 450e leer je over alle kenmerken van het product en krijg je informatie over de werking. De informatie die je over Ricoh 450e krijgt, zal je zeker helpen om een besluit over de aankoop te nemen.
In een situatie waarin je al een beziter van Ricoh 450e bent, maar toch heb je de instructies niet gelezen, moet je het doen voor de hierboven beschreven redenen. Je zult dan weten of je goed de alle beschikbare functies heb gebruikt, en of je fouten heb gemaakt die het leven van de Ricoh 450e kunnen verkorten.
Maar de belangrijkste taak van de handleiding is om de gebruiker bij het oplossen van problemen te helpen met Ricoh 450e . Bijna altijd, zal je daar het vinden Troubleshooting met de meest voorkomende storingen en defecten #MANUAl# samen met de instructies over hun opplosinge. Zelfs als je zelf niet kan om het probleem op te lossen, zal de instructie je de weg wijzen naar verdere andere procedure, bijv. door contact met de klantenservice of het dichtstbijzijnde servicecentrum.
