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Prod uct Ma nu al NL35 Series FC 10034 3673 Rev . D Aug ust 2007 ST35 00 071F C ST34 00 071F C.
©2007, Seagate T echnology LLC All righ ts reserved. Pub lication nu mber: 100 34367 3, Rev . D Aug ust 2007 Sea gate, Sea gate T echnolog y and the W ave logo are registe red trade marks of S eagate T echno logy LL C in the United S ta tes and/or ot her co untrie s.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D iii Cont ent s 1.0 S cope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2.0 Ap plicable standard s and refe rence docume ntation .
iv NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 6.4 E nvironmen tal limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6.4.1 T emperatu re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D v 9.6.1 T TL input cha racteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 9.6.2 LE D driver sign als . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vi NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D vii List o f Fi gures Figure 1. NL35 S eries family disc drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Figure 2. DC cur rent and power vs. input/outpu t oper ations per se cond (1 Gbit).
viii NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 1 1.0 S cope This ma nual de scribes Sea gate T echnolog y ® LLC , NL35 Ser ies (Fibre Channe l) disc dr ives. NL35 S eries drives su pport th e F ibre Chan nel Arbitrate d Loop and SCSI Fibre Channe l Protoc ol spec ifications to the extent d escribed in this manua l.
2 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 3 2.0 Appl icable st andards an d refer ence docu ment ation The dr ive has been d evelope d as a system p eriphe ral to the hig hest st and ards of desig n and constru ction.
4 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 2.2 Ele ctr oma gn etic com pli anc e Seag ate uses an i ndepend ent lab oratory to confirm comp liance w ith the di rectives/st and ards for C E Ma rking and C-T ick Marking. The drive was tested in a r epresent ative system for typical a pplications.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 5 2.4 Ref eren ce doc ume nt s NL35 S eries FC Install ation Guide Seag ate par t number: 1003 43674 Fibre Ch anne l Interface Manual Seag ate par t number: 7776 7496 ANSI Fibre C hannel D ocument s X3.23 0-1994 FC Ph ysical and Signaling Int erface (FC-P H) X3.
6 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 7 3.0 General d escription NL3 5 Series drive s combine T unneling Magn etoresi stive (TM R) hea ds and a Fibre Chan nel inter face to pro- vide hig h perfor m.
8 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 3. 1 St and ar d fea tu re s NL35 S eries driv es have the following st an dard featu res: • Integrat ed du al port FC -AL controlle r • Concu rrent dua l.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 9 3.2 M ed ia de sc ri pti on The me dia used on the drive has an al uminum substr ate coated w ith a thin film m agnetic m aterial, ov ercoated with a propriet ar y protective l ayer for improved dura bility and e nviron mental p rotecti on.
10 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 3.5.1 Progr amma ble dri ve cap a city Using the Mode Select com mand, the drive can change its ca pacity to somet hing less than maximu m. See the Mode S elect Par ameter List t ab le in the F C Interface P roduct M anual .
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 11 4.0 Performance cha racteristics This secti on pr ovides det ailed i nforma tion co ncerning pe rformance -re lated charact eristics a nd fe atures of NL 35 S er i es dr iv e s . 4.1 Int e rn al driv e char act eris tic s ST3500071FC ST 3400071FC Drive capacity* 500.
12 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 4.2.3 Gener alized p erforman ce charact eristics Dat a buf fer tran sfer rate t o/fro m disc media ( one 512-b yte secto r): Sust ainable di sc transfer rate: Note. 1 Mega byte (MB) = 1,000,00 0 bytes. Notes for S ecti on 4.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 13 4.3 St art/ st op time If the Mot or S tar t option is disa bled, the dri ve become s ready with in 25 secon ds after DC power is app lied.
14 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D Case B —A Read co mman d request s data , and the first logi cal block i s not in any seg ment of the cache: 1.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 15 T o enable Prefetch , use Mode Select page 08h, byte 12, bit 5 (Disabl e Read Ahead—D RA bit). DRA bit = 0 enables p refet ch. Since dat a that is prefetched rep laces dat a already i n some buf fer segment s, the ho st can limit the amo unt of prefetch data to optimize syst em perfo rmance.
16 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 17 5.0 Reliabili ty specifi cations The follow ing reliab ility specificat ions assume correct hos t and driv e ope ration al int erface, inclu ding all inter - face timi ngs, power supply volt ages, environ mental requir ements and dri ve mounting constraint s 5.
18 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 5.1.1 Rec overable E rrors Recoverea ble er rors are those d etected and corrected b y the dri ve, and do not requir e user i ntervention. Recoverable Data errors will use correction, although ECC on -the-fly is not co nsidered for purposes o f recov- ered e rro r specifica tions.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 19 5.2.1 Mean Tim e Betw een Failure (MTBF) The pr oduction di sc drive shal l achieve an MT BF of 1,0 00,000 hour s when o perated in an environ ment that ensures the HDA case temperatur es specified in Sect ion 6.
20 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 5.2.4 S .M.A. R.T . S.M. A.R.T . is an acronym for Se lf-Moni toring Analysis and R eporting T echnology . This techno logy is inten ded to recogn ize condit.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 21 Err or rate is the number of errors per oper ation. The algo rith m tha t S .M.A .R.T . uses to re cord rate s of err or is to set thre sholds f or th e number of erro rs an d their inter v al.
22 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 5.2.6 Drive S elf T est (DST) Drive Self T est (DST) is a t echnology desi gned to recognize dr ive fault condition s that qualify th e drive as a failed unit. DST validate s the functiona lity of the drive at a syste m level.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 23 5.2.6.2. 2 Invok ing DST T o invoke DST , subm it the Send Diagnost ic comm and wi th the a ppropri ate Fu nction Code (001 b fo r the sh ort test or 01 0b for the e xtende d test) in bytes 1, bits 5, 6, and 7.
24 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 5.2.6.2. 5 Ab ort Ther e are severa l ways to ab ort a diagnost ic. Y ou can use a SCSI Bus Reset or a B us Device Re set message to abor t the di agnostic. Y ou can ab ort a DS T execu ting in backg round m ode by u s ing the abort code in the D ST Functi on Code field.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 25 6.0 Physical/el ectrical spe cifications This secti on pro vides infor mation re lating to the physical and electrica l chara cteristics o f the driv e. 6.1 AC po wer re qu ir ement s None. 6.2 DC po wer re qu ir ement s The volta ge and current r equir ements for a s ingle d rive a re show n below .
26 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D [5] See p aragr aph 6.2.1, "Con ducted noise immuni ty ." S pecified volt age to lerance includes r ipple, noise , and transient resp onse. [6] Operati ng cond ition is def ined as random 8 block re ads at 161 I/ Os per second.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 27 6. 3 Power di ss ipatio n T ypical power dissip ation under idle co nditions is 10.49 watts (35 .79 BTUs p er ho ur) during 1 Gb it oper ation. T ypical power dissip ation under idle co nditions is 10.75 watt s (36.
28 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 6.4 Enviro nmental li mit s T emper ature and hum idity values exp erienced by the dr iv e must be such t hat condensation does not occur on any dr ive p art. A ltitude a nd atmosp heric p ressure sp ecificati ons are reference d to a stand ard day at 58.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 29 6.4.4 Sho ck and vibrat ion Shock and vibrati on limit s sp ecified in this d ocument ar e measur ed directl y on th e driv e chassis.
30 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D Figu re 5 . Recom m e nd ed m ou nti ng Z Y X Z Y X.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 31 6.4.4.2 V ibration a. Operati ng - n ormal The dr ive as inst alled for normal oper ation, shall co mply wit h the comp lete specifie d perf ormance w hile subjected t o contin uous vibrati on not exce eding 5-22 Hz @ 0.
32 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 6.4.6 Corr osive envir onment Seag ate electroni c drive component s p ass accel erated corr osion testing equ ivalent to 10 years expo sure to light industrial en vironment s cont aining sulfu rous gases, chlori ne and nitric oxide, classes G and H per ASTM B845 .
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 33 6. 5 Mecha ni ca l s peci fi cat ion s The follow ing nominal dimensions ar e exclusive of the decorative fron t pa nel accessory . However , dimensi ons of the front panel are shown in figure bel ow . Refer to Figure 6 for deta iled mo unting configuration dime nsions.
34 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 35 7.0 Defect and error management The drive, as deli vered, com plies wit h this p rodu ct manual. The re ad e rror r ates and specified storage cap aci- ties are not de pendent upo n use of defect ma nagement r outines by the host ( initiator ).
36 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D T able 12 e quates the read an d write r etry count wi th the ma ximum possi ble recover y time fo r read and write recover y of ind ividual LBA s. The time s given d o not i nclude ti me take n to perfo rm real locatio ns.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 37 7. 3 FC-A L sy st em e rr or s Inform ation o n the rep orting of operat ional er rors or fault s across the interf ace is give n in th e Fib re Channel Interfa ce Man ual . The FC P Response returns infor mation to the h ost abou t numerou s kinds of errors o r fault s.
38 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 39 8.0 Inst allation NL35 Ser ies disc drive insta llation is a plug- and-play pro cess. There are no j umpers, swi tches, or termina tors on the drive. S imply plug the driv e into the host’ s 40-pin F ibre Chann el backpanel conn ector (F C-SCA) — no cables ar e req uired.
40 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 8.3 Coolin g The host encl osure must p rovide heat r emoval fro m the d rive. Y ou should confirm that the host enclosur e is designed to en sure that th e drive operates wi thin the temp erature m easureme nt guidel ines descri bed in S ec- tion 6.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 41 8. 4 Driv e mo un ti ng Mount the dr iv e using the b ottom or side mo unti ng holes. If you moun t the d ri ve u sing the botto m ho le s, ensu re that you do no t physically disto rt the dr ive by att empting to m ount it on a stif f, non-fl at surface.
42 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 43 9.0 Interface requ irement s This secti on p artial ly describ es the inter face requ irem e nts as i mpleme nted on N L35 S eries dri ves. Ad ditional informa tion is provided in the Fibre Chann el Interface M anual (par t number 7 7767 496).
44 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 9.1. 2 Fib re Chan ne l task m ana gem en t fu nct ion s T able 14 l ists the F ibre Chann el SC SI Fi bre Chan nel P roto col (F C SC SI FC P) t ask mana geme nt fun ctions su p- ported .
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 45 9.1.4 Fibre Ch annel port login T able 16 id entifies the re quired content of t he N_Port Login (PLOGI) payload from an initiator .
46 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 9.1.5 Fibr e Chann el por t login acce pt T able 17 id entifies th e N_Port Login access p ayloa d values. T able 17: N_Port Login Accep t (ACC) p ayload 9.1.6 Fibr e Chann el Pro cess Lo gin T able 18 li sts th e pro cess login payload d at a.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 47 9.1.7 Fibr e Chann el Pro cess Lo gin Accep t T able 19 li sts N L35 Series p rocess login accept p ayload data. T able 19: Process Logi n Accept (ACC) payload 9.1.8 Fibre Ch annel fabr ic login T able 20 li sts th e fabr ic login p aylo ad from th e drive.
48 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 9.1.9 Fibr e Chann el fa bric ac cept lo gin T able 20 li sts the req uired conten t of th e Fabric Lo gin A ccept (ACC) payload from the fa bric.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 49 9.1.10 Fibr e Chann el Ar bitrat ed Loop o ption s T able 22 li sts the FC- AL options supported b y NL35 S eries dr ives. 9.2 Dual po rt su pp ort NL35 Se ries drive s have two ind ependent F C-AL port s. These po rt s may be connecte d on inde pendent l oops or on t he same l oop.
50 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 9. 3 SCSI com ma nd s su pp or ted T able 23 li sts th e SCSI co mmands sup porte d by NL35 S eries drives. T a ble 23: Suppo rt ed com ma nds Com m a nd c o.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 51 1Ah Y Mode sense Y Unit attention p age (00h) Y Error recovery p age (01h) Y Disconnect/reconnect control (page 02h) Y Format page (03h) Y Rigid disc drive .
52 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D N Relative address 2Bh Y Seek extended 2Eh Y Write and verify Y Disable page out Y Byte check N Relative address 2Fh Y Ve r i f y Y Disable page out Y Byte c.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 53 3Ch Y Read buffer Y Read combined header and data mode (0) Y Read data m ode (2) Y Read descriptor m ode (3) 3Eh Y Read long 3Fh Y Write long 40h N Change d.
54 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D [1] NL35 S eries d rives can form at to 512, 520, 5 24, an d 528 b ytes per l ogical bl ock. [2] Wa r n i n g . Power lo ss during fl ash pr ogrammin g can result i n firmw are co rrupti on. This usually makes the driv e inoperab le.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 55 9.3.1 Inqu iry dat a T able 24 list s the Inquiry co mma nd dat a that th e dr ive shoul d retur n to the initiato r p er the f ormat gi ven in the Fibre Ch anne l Interface Manual . T able 24: NL35 S eries in quiry dat a * Copyright y ear (changes w ith actual year).
56 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D On standa rd OEM drives, the saved values are taken from the default values list and store d into the saved values stor age loc ation on the media p rior to shi pping. 3. Curren t values Curren t values are volatile values bei ng used by the drive to contro l it s oper ation .
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 57 T able 25: Mod e Sense dat a def ault and ch angeab le values for S T350007 1FC dri ves ST3 500071FC Byte s 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 .
58 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D T able 26: Mod e Sense dat a def ault and ch angeab le values for S T340007 1FC dri ves ST3 400071FC Byte s 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 1.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 59 9. 4 Miscel la ne ous op erati ng fe atur es a nd c on dit ions T able 27 lists va rious f eatures an d condit ions. A “Y” in the support colum n indica tes the featu re or con dition is support ed. An “ N” in the suppo rt co lumn indi cates the feat ure or con dition is no t supp orted.
60 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 9.5 FC -AL phys ic al inte rfa ce Figure 8 shows the location of the J1 Fibr e Chann el single conne ction attachm ent (FC -SCA). Figu re 10 pr o- vides the d imension s of the FC -SCA. Det ails of the ph ysical, electrical, an d logical chara cteristics are provide d within this secti on.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 61 9.5.2 Conn ector req uirement s Reco mmended mating SCA par t num ber: The F C-AL SC A device conn ector is il lustrated i n Figure 10.
62 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 9.5.4 Pin desc rip tio ns This secti on pro vides a p in-out of the FC-S CA and a descripti on of the f unctions provided by th e pins. *Short p ins in m ating backp anel connecto r . [1] This pin may be connecte d to exter nal log ic to d etect the p resence of the dri ve.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 63 9.5.5 FC-AL t ransmitt ers and receiv ers A typical F C-AL di ffer ential cop per transm itter an d receiver p air is shown in Fi gure 1 1. The r eceiver i s required to provid e the AC coupling to eliminat e gro und shift noise.
64 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 9.5.8 Active L ED Out The Ac tive LED Ou t signal is d riven b y the drive as indicated in T able 30. The Ac tive LED Out signal is design ed to pull do wn the cathode of an LED. The ano de is att ached to the proper +5 volt supply through an appr opriate curre nt limiti ng resistor .
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 65 9.5.10 Moto r st art controls The dr ive’ s motor is star ted accordi ng to th e S tart_1 and S tart_2 si gnals describe d in T able 31. The st at e of these signa ls can be wired into the backpla ne socke t or driven b y logic on the backpl ane.
66 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D T a ble 32: Arbit rated loop p hysical a ddress (AL _P A) v alues AL_ P A (hex) SEL I D (hex) Setting (dec) AL_P A (hex) SEL I D (hex) Setting (dec) AL_P A (.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 67 9.5.12 Dev ice cont rol codes The dr ive input s a Device Con trol Cod e on the DEV _CTRL_COD E lines at power up to de termine the li nk rate on the Fi bre Channe l port s. Both por ts run at the sam e rat e.
68 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D 9.6.2 LED d river sign als Fault and Active LED signal s are located in the FC-SC A connector (J1) . See T able 35 for the outpu t character- istics of the L ED drive signals. 9.6.3 Differ ential P ECL outp ut The se rial PECL outp ut signa l volt age c hara cteristi cs a re p rovided in T able 36.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 69 Figure 13 provi des the da ta valid eye di agram for typical a nd minimum requ irement s to r ecover dat a at the speci fied inte rface err or rate. T he input s are AC coupled on the dri ve. T able 38 lists the da ta values.
70 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 71 10.0 Seagate T echnolo gy support ser vice s Inter net For info rma tion regardin g Seagate pr oducts and services, vi sit www .sea gate.com . Worl dwide sup port is availa ble 24 hour s daily by email fo r your que stions.
72 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D Custo mer Servi ce Op eratio ns W arranty Ser vice Seag ate of fer s worldw ide custom er supp ort for Seagate pro duct s. Se agate distr ibutor s, OEMs and other di rect customer s should cont act their Sea gate Customer S ervice Operati ons (CSO) repr esent ative for warra nty- related issu es.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 73 Index Numerics 12 volt pin s 63 3rd pa rty reserve command 5 4 5 volt pins 63 A Abor t Sequence (A BTS) 4 3 abort t ask set function 44 AC coup ling 63 AC p.
74 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D modifi ng the 9 data he ads read/wr ite 11 data ra te inte rnal 11 data tr ansfer rate 12 data valid e ye 69 Date code page command 5 0 DC power 61 requir em.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 75 Firmw are nu mbers pag e command 50 flawe d sector re allocation 8 FLOGI received on Port A 47 received on Port B 47 Force unit acce ss command 51 form f ac.
76 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D Queue ta gging 59 Reporti ng actual r etry count 59 Segm ented caching 59 SMP = 1 in Mode Select comm and 59 Synchr onized (l ocked) spind le operati on 59 Z.
NL35 S eries FC P roduct Man ual, Rev. D 77 sequencing 26 power co nnector 26 Power control pag e (1Ah) command 51 pow er distri bution 3 pow er-on ope ratin g hours 19 pow er-up hou rs 1 9 Pref etch .
78 NL35 Se ries FC Product Manu al, Rev. D shock 29 and vibra tion 2 9 shock mount 41 signal characte ristics 67 LED dr iver 6 8 single-un it shipping pack kit 1 0 SMART 9 , 20 SMP = 1 in Mode Select comm and 59 SO 45 , 48 spindl e brake 8 Stacked connection r eq.
.
Seag ate T echnolog y LLC 920 D isc Drive , Scott s V alley, Californ ia 95066- 4544, U SA Public ation N umber: 1 00343673, Rev . D, Printed in USA.
Een belangrijk punt na aankoop van elk apparaat Seagate ST3400071FC (of zelfs voordat je het koopt) is om de handleiding te lezen. Dit moeten wij doen vanwege een paar simpele redenen:
Als u nog geen Seagate ST3400071FC heb gekocht dan nu is een goed moment om kennis te maken met de basisgegevens van het product. Eerst kijk dan naar de eerste pagina\'s van de handleiding, die je hierboven vindt. Je moet daar de belangrijkste technische gegevens Seagate ST3400071FC vinden. Op dit manier kan je controleren of het apparaat aan jouw behoeften voldoet. Op de volgende pagina's van de handleiding Seagate ST3400071FC leer je over alle kenmerken van het product en krijg je informatie over de werking. De informatie die je over Seagate ST3400071FC krijgt, zal je zeker helpen om een besluit over de aankoop te nemen.
In een situatie waarin je al een beziter van Seagate ST3400071FC bent, maar toch heb je de instructies niet gelezen, moet je het doen voor de hierboven beschreven redenen. Je zult dan weten of je goed de alle beschikbare functies heb gebruikt, en of je fouten heb gemaakt die het leven van de Seagate ST3400071FC kunnen verkorten.
Maar de belangrijkste taak van de handleiding is om de gebruiker bij het oplossen van problemen te helpen met Seagate ST3400071FC . Bijna altijd, zal je daar het vinden Troubleshooting met de meest voorkomende storingen en defecten #MANUAl# samen met de instructies over hun opplosinge. Zelfs als je zelf niet kan om het probleem op te lossen, zal de instructie je de weg wijzen naar verdere andere procedure, bijv. door contact met de klantenservice of het dichtstbijzijnde servicecentrum.
