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TECHNICAL M ANUAL FOR 2U GENESYS TM 5 kW Programmable DC Powe r Supplies Document: 83 - 515 - 00 0 Rev B TDK - L ambda A mericas Inc. 405 Essex R oad, Neptune, NJ 07753 Tel: (732) 922 - 9300 Fax: (732) 922 - 9334 Web: www .
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GENESYS ™ Manual Supplement FOR UNITS EQUIPPED WITH “IEMD” OPTION, ALSO REFER TO MANUAL 83 - 030 - 200 IEMD. FOR UNITS EQUIPPED WITH “LAN” OPTION, REFER TO MANU AL 83 - 034 - 100.
TA BLE OF CONTENTS W ARRANTY……………………………………………………………………………………………. Pg. 1 SAFETY INSTRUCT IONS…………………………………………………………………………….. Pg.
TA BLE OF CONTENTS 3.8.8 Address se t ting……………….…………………………………………………………….. Pg. 18 3.8.9 Baud rate se t ting…………………………………………………………………………….
TA BLE OF CONTENTS 5.15.1 Basic parallel operati on…………………………………………………………………….. Pg. 42 5.15.2 Advanced paralle l operation……………………………………………………………….. Pg.
TA BLE OF CONTENTS 7.10.6 Status Control Co m mands………………………………………………………………... Pg. 63 7.11 STATUS, ERROR AND SRQ REGIST ERS…………………………………………………… Pg. 63 7.11.1 General Description……………………………………………………………………….
83 - 000 - 016 Rev. F WARRANT Y This TDK - Lambda Americas Inc. product is warranted aga inst defec ts in materials and workm anship for a period of five years fr om date of shipment. During t he warranty period, TDK - Lam bda Americas Inc. will, at it’s optio n, either rep air or replace products which prove to be defective.
83 - 515 - 000 Rev. B 2 SA FETY INSTRUCTIONS CA UTION The following safety precautions must be observed during all phase s of operation, servi ce and r e pair of this equipment.
83 - 515 - 000 Rev. B 3 SA FETY INSTRUCTIONS ENVIRONM ENTA L CONDITIONS The Genesys TM power supply series safety approval applies to the f ollowing operating cond i tions: *Indoor use *Ambient temper.
83 - 515 - 000 Rev. B 4 SICHERHEITS - INSTA LLATIONS A NWEISUNGEN Vorsicht Vor Anschluss an das Netz ist die Aufstellanleitung wie nachstehend beschrie ben zu beachten. Die nachstehen den Sicherheitsanw eisug en mussen während al ler Phasen des B etriebes, des S ervices und der Reparatur dieser Ausrustung beachtet werden.
83 - 515 - 000 Rev. B 5 A nderungen and Bauteileersatz Ersatzteilaustausch – und Anderungen durfen nur von autorisiertem TDK - Lambda Americas Inc. SERVICE - PERSONEN du rchgef uhrt werden. Fur Reparaturen oder Anderungen ist das Gerat zur TDK - Lambda Americas Inc.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 6 CHA PTER 1 GENERA L INFORMA TION 1.1 USER MA NUAL CONTENT This User’s Manua l contains the o perating instruct ions, installation instructions and specifications of the Genesys TM 50 00W power supply se ries.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 7 Cooling fan speed control for low noise and extende d fan lif e. Zero stacking - no ventilatio n holes at the top and bottom surf ace of t he power suppl y. Optional GPIB interface (SCPI compatible). Optional Isolated Analog programming/ monitoring (0 - 5V or 0 - 10V, user selectable and 4 - 20mA).
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 8 1.2.9 Cooling and mechanical construction The Genesys TM series is cooled by internal f ans. At the installation, care must be tak en to allow free ai r flow into the powe r supply vi a the front panel and out of the power supply via the rear panel.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 9 CHA PTER 2 SPECIFICA TIONS.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 10.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 11 NOTES: *1: Minimum v oltage is guarantee d to maximum 0.2% of t he rated output voltage. *2: Mini mum cu r rent is guaranteed to maximum 0.4% of the rated output cur rent. *3: For cases w here conf ormance to v arious safety standards (UL, IEC etc.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 12 2.13 GENESYS TM 50 00W POW ER SUPPLIES OUTLINE DRA W INGS.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 13 NOTE Gene sys TM power supplies generate magnetic fields, which might affect the operation of other instruments. If y our equipment is su s ceptible to magnetic f ields, do not position it adj a cent to the power supply .
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 14 CA UTION Ensure that the screws used to attach the slides to the unit do not penetrate m ore than 6mm into the sides of t he unit. 3.4 RA CK MOUNTING The Genesys TM power suppl y series is designed to fit in a standard 19” equipment rack .
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 15 WA RNING The AC input cord is not provided w ith t he power suppl y 3.7 AC INPUT POWER CONNECTION The power supply shall be connected to the AC source via protectiv e device (circuit br eaker, f uses, etc.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 16 2. Unscrew the base of t he strain relief f rom the helix - shaped body. Insert the base through the outside opening in the AC i n put cover and screw the lo cknut securely (11 - 14 Lb - inch.) (1.3 - 1.6Nm) in to the base, fr om the i n side.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 17 1 Remote (+ ) se nse 2 Local (+) se nse 3 Not con nect ed 4 Local (-) s ense 5 Remote (- ) sen se 3.8 TURN - ON CHECKOUT PROCEDURE 3.8.1 General The following procedure ensures that the power supp ly is operationa l and may be used as a basi c incoming inspection check.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 18 3. Momentarily press the OVP/UVL button so that the CURRENT display shows “OUP”. The VOLTAGE display will show the last se t ting of the OVP level. 4. Rotate the VOLT encoder CCW to adjust the OVP sett ing to 50 % of t he unit voltage rating.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 19 3.9 CONNECTING THE LOA D 3.9.1 Load Wiring Th e following considerations shoul d be made to select wiring for connecting the load to the power su p ply: Current carrying capacity of the wire (refer t o Section 3.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 20 CA UTION W hen local sensing, a short f rom +LS or +S to - V or - S or - LS, wil l cause damage to the power supply . Reversing the sense wires might cause damage to the power supply in local and remote sensing. (Do not connect - S to +V or +S t o - V).
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 21 3.9.6 Making the load connections 8V to 100V Models Ref er to Fig. 3 - 6 for connection of the load wires to the pow er supply bus - bars and to Fig.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 22 WA RNING Hazardous v oltages exist at the outputs and the load connections. To protect personnel against accidental contact with haz ar dous vol tages, ensure that the load and its connections hav e no accessible liv e part s.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 23 1. W ires: AW G 18 to AW G 10. 2. Tightening torq ue: 4.4 - 5.3 Lb - inch. (0.5 - 0.6Nm). Follow the instructions below for connection of the load wires to the pow er supply: 1. Strip approx. 10mm at the end of each of the wi res.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 24 3.9.7 Connecting single loads, local sensing (default). Fig.3 - 11 shows recommended load and sensing connections f or a single load. The local sense lines shown are default connections at th e rear panel J2 sense connector.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 25 - - R e m . s e n s e Lo cal s en se Lo cal s e ns e Rem. s ense + + Lo ad line s, twis te d pair , sh orte st l eng th p os sible . +V -V Lo ad# 1 + Lo ad# 3 + Lo ad# 2 + Powe r Sup ply Fig.3 -13: Mul tiple l oa ds c onnec tion, ra di al d istribution , l ocal se nse 3.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 26 WA RNING OUTPUT T ERMINAL GROUNDING There is a potential shock hazard at t he RS232/RS485 a nd the IEEE ports when using power supplies with rated or combined voltage greater t han 400V w ith the Positive Output of the power supplie s grounded.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 27 3.10.3 Remote sensing Use remote sense where the load regulation at the load end i s critical. In remote sense, the power supply w ill compensate f or voltage drop on the load wi res. Refer to the powe r supply specific a tions for the maximum voltage drop on load w ires.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 28 CHA PTER 4 FRONT A ND REA R PA NEL CONT ROLS A ND CONNECTOR S 4.1 INTRODUCTION The Genesys TM Power Su pply series ha s a full set of cont rols, indicators and connectors that allow the user to easily setup and operate the unit.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 29 Table 4 - 1: Front Panel C ontrols and Indicators Nu m ber Control/Indicator Description Se c tion 4 CURREN T display 4 digit, 7 segment LED display . Normally displ ays the ou t put Current. W hen the PREV button is pressed, the display i n- dicates the programmed sett ing of Output Cu r rent.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 30 Table 4 - 1: Front Panel Controls and Indicators (con tinued) Nu m ber Control/Indicator Description Se c tion 15 PREV indi cator Green LED, lights when PRE V button is pressed 16 FINE button Voltage and Current Fine/Coarse adjustment control.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 31 Table 4 - 2: Rear panel Connecti ons and Controls (continued) Nu m ber Item Description Se c tion 4 Remote Out connector RJ - 45 type connector, used for daisy - chaining pow er supplies to form a serial communication bus. 7.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 32 4.4.1 SW1 position function Refer to T able 4 - 3 for description of SW 1 position functions. The f actory default setting is Dow n for all positions.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 33 4.5 REAR PA NEL J1 PROGRAMM ING A ND MONITORING CONNECTOR The J1 Programm ing and Moni toring connector is a DB25 subminiature connector l ocated on the power sup ply rear pan el. Refer to Table 4 - 4 f or description of the connect or functions.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 34 J1 co n tact Signal name Function Reference J1 - 1 ENA_IN Enable/Disabl e the power supply output by dry - contact (short/open) with ENA_OUT. Sec. 5.8 J1 - 2 J1 - 3 IF_COM Isolated Interf ace Common. Return for the SO control, PS_OK signal and for t he optional IEEE interface.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 35 CHA PTER 5 LOCA L OPERA TION 5.1 INTRODUC TION This Chapter describes the operating modes that are not involv ed in programming and monitoring t he power supply v ia its serial communication port (RS232/RS485) or by remote analog signals.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 36 - Enabled output, pow er supply in Co nstant Voltage mode: Press the PREV button and then r o- tate the CURRENT encoder knob. The C URRENT meter wil l show the programmed Output Current for 5 seconds after t he adjustment has been completed, and then will return to show the a c tual load current.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 37 5.4 A UNDER VOLTA GE LIMIT (UVL) The UVL prevents adjustment of t he Output Vol t age below a certain li mit. The combination of UVL and OVP functions, allow the user to create a protec tion win dow for sensitive load ci rcuitry.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 38 useful f or connec ting power supplies i n a “Daisy - chain” (refer t o Section 5.16). The SO control can also be used to reset the OVP and Fold Protection (refer to Section 5.3 and 5.5 f or details). W hen the unit is shut - off by a J1 signal, the VOLTAGE display w ill show “SO” to indicate the unit state.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 39 *OTP *Enable/Di sable open (Power supply i s disabled) *OVP *SO (Rear panel Shut - Off , Power Suppl y is shut off) *Foldback *IEEE failure (W ith optional IEEE interface) *AC fail *Output Off 5.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 40 +S + - -S -LS +LS PO WER SU PPL Y +S + + - - -S -L S +LS PO WER SU PPL Y LO AD +S + - -S -LS +L S PO WER SU PPL Y +S + + - - -S -L S +LS PO WER SU PPL Y LO AD Fig.5-1 : Ser ies con nection , l ocal se nsin g Fig.5-2 : Ser ies con nection , r emote s ensing (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) D io d es a re us er su ppl ied .
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 41 Fig.5 -3: S eries connec tion f or po sit ive/nega tive outpu t vo ltages +S + - -S -L S +LS PO WER SU PPL Y +S + + - - -S -L S +LS PO WER SU PPL Y (*) (*) (* ) D io de s are u se r supp lied . 3. Programming by external resistor: Programming by external resistor is possible.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 42 5.15 PA RA LLEL OPE RA TION Up to four units of the sam e VOLTAGE and CURREN T rating can be connected in parallel to prov ide up to four t imes the Output Current capability. One of the units operates as a Master and the remai n- ing units are Slaves.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 43 6. Connection to the load In parallel operation, power supplies can be connected in local or remote sensing. Refer to Fig . 5 - 4 and 5 - 5 for typical connections of parallel powe r supplies. The f igures show connection of two units, howev er the same connection method applies for up to 4 units.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 44 CA UTION Make sure that the c onnection betwe en – V terminals is reliable to avoid disconnection during operation. Disconnection may cause dam age to the power supply . NOTE W ith local sensing it is important to minim ize the w ire length and resistance.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 45 Fig .5-6 : Da isy-c hain co nnect ion POWER SUPPL Y # 1 J1-2,3 J1-16 J1-16 J1-16 J1-15 PS_OK POWER SUPPL Y # 2 J1-2,3 J1-15 PS_OK SO POWER SUPPL Y #3 J1-2,3 J1-15 PS_OK SO SO IF_COM IF_COM IF_COM Fig.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 46 CA UTION COM (J1 - 12), VPGM_RTN (J1 - 22) ter minals are connected AND IPGM_RTN (J1 - 23) term inal of J1 is ref erenced internally to the - Vout potential ( - V). Do not connect these terminals to any pot ential other than - Vout ( - V), as it may da m age the po wer suppl y.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 47 CA UTION To maintain the power supply isolation and to preven t ground loops, use an isolated programming source when operating the power supply via remote an a log programm ing at the J1 connector.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 48 1 14 13 25 10 9 23 22 CURRENT LIMIT PROGRA MMING OUTPUT VOL T AGE PROGRA MMING J1 connector , rear panel view Fig.6 -2: Re mote r esistive p ro grammin g PROGRA MMING RESISTO R PROGRA MMING RESISTO R OPTIONAL SE TS LOWER LIMIT OPTIONAL SE TS LOWER LIMIT OPTIONAL SE TS UPPER LIMIT OPTIONA L SET S UPPER LIMIT 12 8 6.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 49 6.6 REMOTE MONITORING OF OUTPUT VOLTA GE A ND CURRENT The J1 connector , located on the rear panel provides anal og signals f or monitoring the Output Vol t- age and Output Current. Selection of the voltage range between 0 - 5V or 0 - 10V is made by setup switch SW 1 - 4.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 50 CHA PTER 7 RS232 & RS485 R EMOTE CONTROL 7.1 INTRODUCTION This Chapter describes the operation of the Genesys TM 50 00W power suppl ies via the serial comm u- nication port. Details of the initial set - up, operation via RS232 or RS 485, the command set and t he communication protocol are described in this Chap ter.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 51 NOTE Tx and Rx are used for RS232 communication. Txd +/ - and Rxd +/ - are used for RS485 communication. Refer to RS - 232 and RS - 485 cabling and connection d e tails. 2. There are two Remote modes: 1. Remote: In this mode, return t o local can be made by the fr ont panel REM / LOC or via s e rial port command RM T 0.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 52 7.4 MD MODE OPTION (Factory Installed) 7 .4.1 M D Mode Description The GEN supply is capable of operating in a multi drop environment - more than 1 supply co n ducting serial communications on a single serial bu s. A maximum of 31 GEN suppli es can operate in this si n- gle bus.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 53 7. 5 CONNECTING POWER SUPPLI ES TO RS232 OR RS485 BUS 7. 5.1 Single pow er supply 1. Selec t the desired interface RS232 or RS485 using rear panel setup switch SW 1 - 6 (Section 4 - 4). - RS232: DOW N position - RS485: UP position 2.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 54 NOTE The address (ADR n) command must retur n an “OK ” response b e fore any other commands are accepted. 7.5.2 Multi pow er supply co n nection to RS232 or RS485 bus Up to 31 units can be connected (daisy ch ained) to the RS232 or RS485 bus.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 55 7.6.7 Error message If an error is detected in command or query, the power supply w ill respond with an error message. Refer to Section 7.7 f or details. 7.6.8 Backspa ce The backspace character ( ASCII 8) clears the last character sent to t he powe r supply.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 56 7.8.3 Initiali zation Control Commands # Command Description 1 ADR n ADR is follow ed by address, w hich can be 0 to 30 and i s used to access the power sup ply . 2 CLS Clear status. Sets FEVE and SEVE registers t o zero (refer to Section 7 - 11).
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 57 # Command Desc ription 7 DVC? Display Vol tage and Current data. Data will be returned as a string of ASCII characters. A comma will separate the different fields.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 58 26 MODE? Returns the power supply operation mode. W hen the power supply is On (OUT 1) it wi ll return “CV” or “CC”. W hen the pow er supply is OFF (OUT 0 or fault shutdown) it wi ll r e turn “OFF”. 27 MS? Returns the M aster/Slave setting.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 59 7.10 SINGLE BYTE COMMA NDS 7.10.1 General Single byte commands are commands in w hich all the necessary d ata for the supply to act upon is contained in a single by te. Single byte commands wil l be executed immed i ately by the supply.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 60 addressed supply a nd all non - addressed supplies, w ill respond to this command; but only the cu r- rently a d dressed supply (if any) w ill respond w ith the ‘OK’. 7.10.4 A ddressed commands w ith response 7.10.4.1 Read registers Send (0x80 + Address) (1 b yte binary - send 2 times sequentially).
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 61 Table 7 - 4. SINGLE BYTE COMM ANDS Name Bit Positions Response Description Global Commands Disable M D M ode 1010 0000 None Set supplies out of MD M ode (d e fault) Enable M.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 62 Table 7 - 5: Voltage program ming range NOTE: The power supply can ac cept values higher 5 % than the table val ues, however it i s not reco m- mended to program the power supply bey ond the rated values. Table 7 - 6: Current pr ogramming range Model Minimum (A) Max imum (A) GEN8 - 6 00 000.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 63 7.10.6 Status Contro l Commands Refer to Section 7 - 8 for def inition of the reg isters. # Command Description 1 STT? Reads the complete pow er supply status.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 64 SR Q Me ssage s Res po nse me ssage s Com mand E rror (”Cnn ”) Exe cu tion E rror (”En n”) Qu ery Res ponse (”messa ge”) Com mand Res ponse (”OK”) CV CC NFL .
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 65 7.1 1.2 Conditional Registers (continued) Table 7 - 9: Fault Condi tion Register BIT Fault name Fault symbol Bit Set condi tion Bit Reset condi tion 0 (LSB) Spare bit SPARE Fixed to zero Fixed to zero 1 AC Fail AC AC fail has occur red.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 66 7.11.3 Service Requ est: Enable and Ev ent Registers The conditional Registers are continuously monitored. W hen a change is detected in a register bit which i s enabled, the powe r supply w ill generate an SRQ message. The SRQ messag e is: “Inn” t erminated by CR, where the nn is the p ower supply address.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 67 3. Status Enable Register The Status Enable Register is set by the user to Enable SRQs for changes in power supply status. Table 7 - 13: Status Enable Register BIT Status na.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 68 7.12 SERIA L CO MMUNICA TION TEST SE T - UP Use the followin g instructions as basic set - up to test the serial communication operation. 1.Equipment : PC w ith W indows Hy per T erminal, software installed, Genesy s TM Power suppl y, RS232 cabl e.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 69 CHA PTER 8 ISOLA TED A NA LOG PROGRA M M ING OPTION 8.1 INTRODUCTION Isolated Analog Programming is an internal Option Card for analog progr amming of the Genesys TM power suppl y series. The option is factory installed and cannot be obtained w ith a G PIB (IEEE - 488) Interf ace.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 70 CA UTION W hen the I solated Analog Option is installed, do not appl y any si gnals to the non - isolated VPGM and IPGM ( J1 - 9 an d J1 - 10) pins. All other J1 features may be used normally. Refer to Section 4.5 for a description of J1 featur es.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 71 CA UTION To prevent damage to the unit, do not pr ogram the output voltage and current to higher t han the power suppl y rating. NOTE J1 - 8 and J1 - 12 must be shorted toget her with a w ire jumper. NOTE J1 - 8 and J1 - 12 must be shorted toget her with a w ire jumper.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 72 CHA PTER 9 MAINT ENA NCE 9.1 INTRODUCTION This Chapter pr ovides i nform ation about maintenance, calibration and troublesh ooting. 9.2 UNITS UNDER WARRA NTY Units requiring r epair during the warranty period shoul d be returned to a TDK - Lambda Americas Inc authorized serv ice facility.
83 - 5 15 - 0 00 Rev. B 73 SYM PTOM CHECK ACTION REF Output Voltage wil l not adjust. Front panel CC LED is On. Is the unit in constant current mode? Check Output Current setting and load current. 5.2.1 5.2.2 Output Voltage wil l not adjust Front panel CV Led is On.
Een belangrijk punt na aankoop van elk apparaat TDK 5KW (of zelfs voordat je het koopt) is om de handleiding te lezen. Dit moeten wij doen vanwege een paar simpele redenen:
Als u nog geen TDK 5KW heb gekocht dan nu is een goed moment om kennis te maken met de basisgegevens van het product. Eerst kijk dan naar de eerste pagina\'s van de handleiding, die je hierboven vindt. Je moet daar de belangrijkste technische gegevens TDK 5KW vinden. Op dit manier kan je controleren of het apparaat aan jouw behoeften voldoet. Op de volgende pagina's van de handleiding TDK 5KW leer je over alle kenmerken van het product en krijg je informatie over de werking. De informatie die je over TDK 5KW krijgt, zal je zeker helpen om een besluit over de aankoop te nemen.
In een situatie waarin je al een beziter van TDK 5KW bent, maar toch heb je de instructies niet gelezen, moet je het doen voor de hierboven beschreven redenen. Je zult dan weten of je goed de alle beschikbare functies heb gebruikt, en of je fouten heb gemaakt die het leven van de TDK 5KW kunnen verkorten.
Maar de belangrijkste taak van de handleiding is om de gebruiker bij het oplossen van problemen te helpen met TDK 5KW . Bijna altijd, zal je daar het vinden Troubleshooting met de meest voorkomende storingen en defecten #MANUAl# samen met de instructies over hun opplosinge. Zelfs als je zelf niet kan om het probleem op te lossen, zal de instructie je de weg wijzen naar verdere andere procedure, bijv. door contact met de klantenservice of het dichtstbijzijnde servicecentrum.
