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TL-SL5428E 24-Port 10/100Mbp s + 4-Port Gigabit JetS t ream L2 Managed Switch REV2.0.0 191001 1019.
COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKS S pecifications are subject to change without notice. is a registered trademark of TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., L TD. Other brands and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of t heir respective holders.
II Safety Information When product has power button, the power button is one of the wa y to shut off the product; When there is no power button, the only way to co mpletely shut off power is to disconnect the product or the power adapter from the power source.
CONTENTS Package C ontent s ............................................................................................................... ........... 1 Chapter 1 About This Guide ......................................................................
5.1 Port ........................................................................................................................... .. 42 5.1.1 Port C onfig .............................................................................................
6.8.1 PVLAN C onfig .................................................................................................. 85 6.8.2 Port C onfig ....................................................................................................... 86 6.9 GVRP .
9.1.7 Packet S tatistics ............................................................................................. 144 9.1.8 Querier C onfig ................................................................................................ 145 9.2 MLD Snoopi ng .
11 . 3 Policy C onfig ............................................................................................................. 182 1 1.3.1 Policy Summ ary ...........................................................................................
13.2.2 T raps C onfig................................................................................................... 230 13.3 RMON ....................................................................................................................
VII 16.4 Network Dia gnostics ................................................................................................. 270 16.4.1 Ping ...........................................................................................................
Package Content s The following items should be found in your box: One TL-SL5428E switch One power cord One console cable Two mounting brackets and other fittings Installation Guide Resource CD for TL-SL5428E switch, including: This User Guide The CLI Reference Guide SNMP Mibs 802.
Chapter 1 About This Guide This User Guide contains information for se tup and management of TL-SL5428E switch. Please read this guide carefully before operation. 1.1 Intended Readers This Guide is intended for network managers fam iliar with IT concepts and network terminologies.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 4 System This module is used to co nfigure system properti es of the switch. Here mainly introduces: System Info: Configure the description, system time and network parameters of the switch.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 8 Ethernet OAM This module is used to configure Ethernet OAM function of the switch. Here mainly introduces: Basic Config: Enable the Ethernet OAM function, configure its OAM mode, and check out the connection status.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 12 Network Security This module is used to configure the multiple protection measures for the network security . Here mainly introduces: IP-MAC Binding: Bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together .
Chapter Introduction Chapter 16 Maintenance This module is used to assemble the commonly used system tools to manage the switch. Here mainly introduces: System Monitor: Monitor the me mory and CPU of the switch. Log: View configuration pa rameters on the switch.
Chapter 2 Introduction Thanks for choosing the TL-SL5428E 24-Port 10/100Mbps + 4-Port Gigabit JetStream L2 Managed Switch! 2.1 Overview of the Switch Designed for workgroups and department s, TL-S L5428E from TP-LINK provides wire-speed performance and full set of layer 2 management featur es.
+ Support s T elnet, CLI, SNMP v1/v 2c/v3, RMON and web access. + Port Mirroring enables monitoring selected ingress/egress traffic. 2.3 Appearance Description 2.
2.3.2 Rear Panel The rear panel of TL-SL5428E features a power socket and a Gr ounding T erminal (marked with ). Figure 2-2 Rear Panel Grounding T erminal: TL-SL5428E already comes with Lightning Protection Mechanism. Y ou can also ground the switch through the PE (Protecti ng Earth) cable of AC cord or with Groun d Cable.
Chapter 3 Login to the Switch 3.1 Login In the IPv4 network: 1) T o access the configurat ion utility , open a web-browser and type in the default address http://192.
Figure 3-3 Log in the switch 3) T ype in the command enable → show ipv6 interface vlan 1 to obtain the switch’s link-loca l address. Figure 3-4 Th e Switch’ s Link-local Address 4) T ype in the switch’s link-local address with square bracket s in the address field of the web browser .
Figure 3-5 Login Tips: After logging in to the switch, you can add a gl obal IPv6 address to your switch manually in 4.1.6 System IPv6 . Then you can configure your P C’s global IPv6 address in the same subnet and login to the switch via its global IPv6 address.
Config . Y ou are suggested to click Save Config before cutting off the power or rebooting the switch to avoid losing the new configurations. Return to CONTENTS 13.
Chapter 4 System The System module is mainly for system confi guration of the switch, including four submenus: System Info , User Management, System T ools and Access Securit y .
Indicates the 1000Mbps port is at the speed of 10Mbp s or 100Mbps. Indicates the SFP port is not connected to a device. Indicates the SFP port is at the speed of 1000Mbps. Indicates the SFP port is at the speed of 100Mbps. When the cursor moves on the port, the detailed information of the port will be displayed.
4.1.2 Device Description On this page you can configur e the descripti on of the switch, incl uding device nam e, device location and system contact. Choose the menu System → System Info → Device Description to load the following p age.
The followin g entries are displayed on this screen: Tim e In fo Current System Date: Displays the current date and time of the switch. Current Time Source: Displays the current time source of the switch. Time Config Manual: When this option is selected, you can set the date and time manually .
The followin g entries are displayed on this screen: DST Config DST St atus: Enable or Disable DST . Predefined Mode: Select a predefined DST configuration: USA: Second Sunday in March, 02:00 – First Sunday in November , 02:00. Australia: First Sunday in October , 02:00 – First Sunday in April, 03:00.
Figure 4-7 System IP The following entries are displayed on this screen: IP Config MAC Address: Displays MAC Address of the switch. IP Address Mode: Select the mode to obtain IP Address for the switch. St atic IP: When this option is sele cted, you should enter IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway manually .
4.1.6 System IPv6 IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), also ca lled IPng (IP next generation), was developed by the IETF (Internet Engineering T ask Fo rce) as the successor to IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4). Compared with IPv4, IPv6 increases the IP address size from 32 bit s to 128 bits; this solves the IPv4 address exhaustion problem.
Introduction to IPv6 address 1. IPv6 address format An IPv6 address is represented as a series of 16-bit hexadecimals, separated by colons (:). An IPv6 address is divided into eight groups, and th.
The type of an IPv6 address is designated by the first several bits called format prefix. The following table lists the mappings betw een address types and format prefixes.
An interface ID is used to identify inter fac es on a link. The interface ID must be unique to the link. It may also be unique over a broader scope. In many cases, an interface ID will be the same as or based on the link-layer address of an interface.
1. IPv6 Neighbor Solicitation Message A value of 135 in the T ype field of the ICMP packet header identifies a neighbor solicitation (NS) message. Neighbor solicit ation messages are sent on t he local link when a node wants to determine the link-layer address of another nod e on the same local link.
Sets of flags that indicate t he type of autoconfiguration (state less or stateful) that can be completed Default router information (whether the device sending the advertisement should be use.
Choose the menu System → System Info → Sy stem IPv6 to load the following page. Figure 4-10 System IPv6 The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config IPv6: Enable/Disable IPv6 functi on globally on the Switch. Link-local Address Config Config Mode: Select the link-local address configuration mode.
St atu s: Displays the status of the link-local address. Normal: Indicates that the link- local address is normal. Tr y : Indicates that the link-local address may be newly configured Repeat: Indicates that the link-loca l address is duplicate.
St atu s: Displays the status of the global address. Normal: Indicates that the global address is normal. Tr y : Indicates that the global address may be newly configured. Repeat: Indicates that the corresponding address is duplicate. It is illegal to access the switch using this address.
Figure 4-12 User Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: User Info User Name: Create a name for users’ login. Access Level: Select the access level to login. Admin: Admin can edit, modify and view all the settings of different functions.
4.3 System T ools The System T ools function, allo wing you to manage the configurat ion file of the switch, can be implemented on Config Restore , Config Backup , Firmware Upgrade , System Reboot and Syst em Rese t pages.
Figure 4-14 Config Backup The following entries are displayed on this screen: Config Backup Backup Config: Click the Backup Config button to save the current configuration as a file to your computer . Y ou ar e suggested to take this measure before upgradin g.
4.3.4 System Reboot On this page you can reboot the switch and return to the login page. Please save the current configuration before rebooting to avoi d losing the configuration unsaved Choose the menu System → Sy stem T ools → S ystem Reboot to load the following p age.
Figure 4-18 Access Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: Access Control Config Control Mode: Select the control mode for us ers to log on to the W e b management page. IP-based: Select this option to limit the IP-range of the users for login.
Access User Number Number Control ； Enable/Disable the Num ber Control function. Admin Number: Enter the maximum number of the users logging on to the Web management page as Admin. Guest Number: Enter the maximum number of the users logging on to the Web management page as Guest.
Figure 4-19 SSL Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config SSL: Enable/Disable the SSL function on the switch. Certificate Download Certificate File: Select the desired certificate to download to the switch. The certificate must be BASE64 encoded.
Comprising server and client, SSH has two versi ons, V1 and V2 which are not compatible with each other . In the communication, SSH server and client can auto-negotia te the SSH version and the encryption algorithm.
Do wnload: Click the Download button to down the desired key file to the switch. Note: 1. Please ensure the key length of the downloaded file is in the range of 256 to 3072 bits. 2. After the Key File is downloaded, the user’s original key of the same type will be replaced.
Network Requirements 1. Log on to the switch via ke y authentication using SSH and the SSH function is enabled on the mmended. 1. Select the key type and key length, and generate SSH key . sw itch. 2. PuTTY client sof tware is reco Configuration Procedure Note: 1.
3. On the Web management page of the switch, download the public key file saved in the computer to the switch. Note: 1. The key typ e should accord wit h the type of the key file. 2. The SSH key dow nloading can not be i nterrupted. 4. After the public key is do wnlo aded, please log on to the inte rface of PuTTY and enter the IP address for login.
5. Click Browse to download the private key file to SSH client software and click Open . After successful authentication, pl ease enter the login user name. If you log on to the switch without entering password, it indicates that the key has been successfully loaded.
41 Note: Following the steps above, you have already enter ed the User EXEC Mode of the switch. However , to configure the switch, you need a password to enter the Privileged EXEC Mode first. For a switch with factory settings, the Privileged EXEC Mode password can only be configured through the console connection.
Chapter 5 Switching Switching module is used to conf igure the basic functi ons of the switch, in cluding four submenus: Port , LAG , T raffic Monitor and MAC Address .
St atu s: Allows you to Enable/Dis able the port. When Enable is selected, the port can forward the packet s normally . Speed and Duplex: Select the S peed and Duplex mode for the port. The device connected to the switch s hould be in the same S peed and Duplex mode with the switch.
Th e following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen. Mirroring Port Mirroring Port: Select a port from the pull-down list as the mirroring port. When disable is selected, the Port Mirror feature will be disabled. Mirrored Port Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered.
Figure 5-3 Port Security The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Port Security Select: Select the desired port for Port Security configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number . Max Learned MAC: S pecify the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned on the port.
5.1.4 Port Isolation Port Isolation provides a method of restricting traffic flow to improve the network security by forbidding the port to forward packet s to the ports th at are not on its forward portlist. Choose the menu Sw it chin g → Port → Port Isolation to load the following page.
Choose the menu Sw it chin g → Port → LoopbackDetection to load the following page. Figure 5-5 Loopback Detection Config The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Global Config LoopbackDetection Statu s: Here you can enable o r dis able Loopback Detection function globally .
Operation Mode: Select the mode ho w the switch processes the detected loops. Alert: When a loop is detected, display an alert. Port based: When a loop is detected, display an alert and block the port. Recovery Mode: Select the mode how the blocked port recovers to normal status.
2. The traf fic load of the LAG will be b alanc ed among the ports according to the Aggregate Arithmetic. If the c onnections of one or several ports are brok en, the traffic of these port s will be transmitted on the normal ports, so as to guarantee the connec tion reliability .
Figure 5-7 Det ail Information 5.2.2 St atic LAG On this page, you can manually c onfigure the LAG . The LACP feat ure is disabled for the member ports of the manually added S tatic LAG . Choose the menu Sw it chin g → LAG → St atic LAG to load the following page.
Tips: 1. The LAG can be deleted by clearing its all member ports. 2. A port can only be added to a LAG . If a port is the member of a LAG or is dynami cally aggregated as the LACP member , the port number will be displayed in gray and can not be selected.
Figure 5-9 LACP Config The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Global Config System Priority : S pecify the system priority for the switch. The system priority and MAC address constitute the system identification (ID). A lower system priority value indicates a higher system priority .
St atu s: Enable/Disable the LACP feat ure for your selected port. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. 5.3 T raffic Monitor The T raf fic Monitor function, monitoring the traffic of each p ort, is implemented on the Tr a f f i c Summary and T raffic St atistics pag es .
Packet s Tx: Displays the number of packets transmitted on the port. Octets Rx: Displays the number of octets received on the port. The error octets are counted in. Octet s Tx: Displays the number of octe ts transmitted on the port. St atistics: Click the St atistics button to view the detailed traffic statistics of the port.
Sent: Displays the det ails of the pa ckets transmitted on the port. Broadcast: Displays the number of good broadcast packet s received o r transmitted on the port. The erro r frames are not counted in. Multicast: Displays the number of good mu lticast packets received o r transmitted on the port.
Ty p e Configuration W ay Aging out Being kept af ter reboot (if the configuration is saved) Relationship between the bound MAC address and the port St a t i c Address T able Manually configuring No Y es The bound MAC address can not be learned by the other ports in the same VLAN.
Ty p e : Select the type of your desired entry . All: This option allows the address table to display all the address entries. Stati c: This option allows the address table to display the static address entries only . Dyn am ic: This option allows the address table to display the dynamic address entries only .
Th e following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Create St ati c Address MAC Address: Enter the static MAC Address to be bound. VLAN ID: Enter the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Port: Select a port from the pull-down list to be bound.
On this p age, you can configur e the dynamic MAC address entry . Choose the menu Sw it chin g → MAC Address → Dynamic Address to load the following page. Figure 5-14 Dynamic Address The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Aging Config Auto Aging: Allows you to Enable/Disable t he Auto Aging featur e.
Bind: C lick the Bind button to bind the MAC address of your selected entry to the corresponding port statically . Tips: Setting aging time properly helps implement effect ive MAC address aging. The aging time that is too long or too short results decreas es the performance of the switch.
61 Filtering Address T able Select: Select the entry to delete the co rresponding filtering address. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the filtering MAC Address. VLAN ID: Displays the correspondi ng VLAN ID. Port: Here the symbol “__” indicates no specified port.
Chapter 6 VLAN The traditional Ethernet is a data network comm unication technology basi ng on CSMA/CD (Ca rrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect) vi a shared communication medium.
6.1 802.1Q VLAN VLAN tags in the packet s are necessary for the sw itch to identify packet s of different VLANs. The switch works at the data link layer in OSI model and it can identify the data link layer encapsulation of the packe t only , so you can add the VLAN tag field into the data link la yer encapsulation for identification.
PVID PVID (Port Vlan ID) is the default VID of the port. When the switch receives an un-VLA N-tagged packet, it will add a VLAN tag to the packet according to the PVID of it s received port and forward the packet s.
T o ensure the normal communication of the factory sw itch, the default VLAN of all ports is set to VLAN1. The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: VLAN T able VLAN ID Select ： Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the VLAN ID number you entered.
Th e following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of VLAN. Description: Give a description to the VLAN for identification. Check: Click the Check button to check whether the VLAN ID you entered is valid or not.
Figure 6-5 802.1Q VLAN – Port Config The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: VLAN Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for confi guration.
C lick the Deta il button to view the information of the corresponding VLAN. Figure 6-6 Vi ew the Current VLAN of Port The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: VLAN of Port VLAN ID Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the VLAN ID number you entered.
received p ort. Thus, the packet is assigned aut omatically to the corresponding VLAN for transmission. 2. When receivi ng tagged packet, the switch will process it basing on t he 802.1Q VLAN. If the received port is the member of the VLAN to which the tagged packet belongs, the p acket will be forwarded normally .
6.2.2 Port Enable On this page, you can enable the port for the MAC VLAN feature. Only the port is enabled, can the configured MAC VLAN take effect. Choose the menu VLAN → MAC VLAN → Port Enable to load the following page. Figure 6-8 Enable MAC VLAN for Port Select your desired port for VLAN Mapping functi on.
Protocol T ype T ype value IPX 0x8137 IS-IS 0x8000 LACP 0x8809 802.1X 0x888E T able 6-2 Protocol types in common use The packet in Protocol VLAN is processed in the following way: 1. When receiving an untagged packet, the switch matches the packet with the current Protocol VLAN.
Protocol VLAN T able Select: Select the desired entry . It is multi-optional. Protocol: Displays the protocol template of the VLAN. Ether T ype: Displays the Ethernet protocol type field in the proto col template. VLAN ID: Displays the correspondin g VLAN ID of the protocol.
6.3.3 Port Enable On this page, you can enable the por t for the Protocol VLAN featur e. Only the port is enabled, can the configured Protocol VLAN take ef fect. Choose the menu VLAN → Protocol VLAN → Port Enable to load the following page. Figure 6-1 1 Enable Protocol VLAN for Port Select your desired port for VLAN Mapping functi on.
Switch B is connecting to PC B and Server A; PC A and Server A is in the same VLAN; PC B and Server B is in the same VLAN; PCs in the two VLANs cannot communicate with each other . Network Diagram Configuration Procedure Configure switch A Ste p Operation Description 1 Configure the Link T ype of the ports Required.
6.5 Application Example for MAC VLAN Network Requirements Switch A and s witch B are c onnected to meeti ng room A and meeti ng room B respectively , and the two rooms are for all departments;.
Ste p Operation Description 4 Configure MAC VLAN 10 On VLAN → MAC VLAN → MAC VLAN page, create MAC VLAN10 with the MAC address as 00-19-56-8A-4C-71. 5 Configure MAC VLAN 20 On VLAN → MAC VLAN → MAC VLAN page, create MAC VLAN10 with the MAC address as 00-19-56-82-3B-70.
IP host, in VLAN10, is se rved by IP se rver wh ile AppleT alk host is served by AppleT alk server; Switch B is connected to IP server and AppleT alk server . Network Diagram Configuration Procedure Configure switch A Ste p Operation Description 1 Configure the Link T ype of the ports Required.
Ste p Operation Description 4 Create Protocol Te m p l a t e Required. On VLAN → Protocol VLAN → Protocol T emplate page, configure the protocol template prac tically . E.g. the Ether T ype of IP network packet s is 0800 and that of AppleT alk network packet s is 809B.
Protocol type Va l u e LACP 0x8809 802.1X 0x888E T able 6-3 V alues of Ethernet frame protocol type in common use This VLAN VPN function is implemented on the VPN Config , VLAN Mapping and Port Enable pages. 6.7.1 VPN Config This page allows you to enable the VPN function, adjust the global TPID for VLAN-VPN packets and enable the VPN up-link port.
Choose the menu VLAN → VLAN VPN → VLAN Mapping to load the following page. Figure 6-13 Create VLAN Mapping Entry The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: VLAN Mapping Config C VLAN: Enter the ID number of the Custom er VLAN. C VLAN refers to the VLAN to which the packet received by switch belongs.
Figure 6-14 Enable VLAN Mapping for Port Select your desired port for VLAN Mapping function. All the ports are disabled for VLAN Mapping function by default. Configuration Procedur e of VLAN VPN Function: Ste p Operation Description 1 Enable VPN mode.
6.8 Private VLAN Private VLANs, designed to save VLAN resour ces of uplink devices and decrease broadcast, are sets of VLAN p airs that share a common primary id entifier .
Packets fro m different Secondary VLANs can be forwarded to the uplink device via promiscuous port and carry no corresponding Secondary VLAN information. Packets from Primary VLANs can be sent to end users via host port and carry no Primary VLAN information.
Port5 5 VLAN5 Port2 2 VLAN2 Port3 3 VLAN3 T able 6-4 Port settings before configuration synchroni zation Port PVID Allowed VLANs Port5 5 VLAN2, 3, 5 Port2 2 VLAN2, 5 Port3 3 VLAN2, 5 T able 6-5 Port s.
The Private VLAN packet forwarding process (here we take traffic transmission for PC2) based on the figure above is illu strated as follows: 1) PC2 sends out its first up stream packe t with the source MAC as mac_2 and the destination MAC as mac_a. This p acket is untagged.
Choose the menu VLAN → Private VLAN → PVLAN Config to load the following page. Figure 6-16 Create Private VLAN The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Create Private VLAN Primary VLAN: Enter the ID number of the Primary VLAN. Secondary VLAN: Enter the ID number of the Secondary VLAN.
Figure 6-17 Create and V iew Protocol T emplate The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Port Config Port: Select the desired port fo r configuration. Port T ype: Select the Port T ype from the pull-do wn list for the port. Primary VLAN: S pecify the Primary VLAN the port belongs to.
Ste p Operation Description 4 Delete VLAN. Optional. On the VLAN → Private VLAN → PVLAN Config page, select the desired entry to delete the corresponding VLAN by clicking the Delete button. 6.9 GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is an implementation of GA RP (generic attribute registration protocol).
Leave All Timer: Once a GARP entity starts up, it st arts the LeaveAll time r, and sends out a LeaveAll message after the timer times out, so that other GARP entities can re-register all the attribute information on this entit y. After that, the entity rest arts the LeaveAll timer to begin a new cycle.
Figure 6-18 GVRP Co nfig Note: If the GVRP feature is enabled for a member port of LAG , please ensure all the member ports of this LAG are set to be in the same status and registration mode. The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Global Config GVRP: Allows you to Enable/Disabl e the GVRP function.
Leave All Timer: Once the LeaveAll T imer is set, the port with GVRP enabled can send a LeaveAll message after the timer ti mes out, so that other GARP ports can re-register all the attribute information. After that, the LeaveAll timer will start to begin a new cycle.
Network Diagram Configuration Procedure Configure switch A Ste p Operation Description 1 Create VLAN6 Required. On VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN → VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLAN ID as 6, owning Port 1. Configure switch B Ste p Operation Description 1 Create Private VLANs.
Configure switch C Ste p Operation Description 1 Create Private VLANs. Required. On the VLAN → Private VLAN → PVLAN Config page, Enter the Primary VLAN 6 and Secondary VLAN 2-3, and then click the Create button. 2 Add Promiscuous port to Private VLANs Required.
Chapter 7 S p anning T ree STP (S panning T r ee Protocol), su bject to IEEE 802.1 D standard, is to disbra nch a ring network in the Data Link layer in a local netwo rk.
Figure 7-1 Basic STP diagram STP T imers Hello T ime: Hello T ime ranges from 1 to 10 seconds. It specifie s the interval to send BPDU p ackets. It is used to test the links. Max. Age: Max. Age ranges from 6 to 40 sec onds. It specifies the maximum time the switch can wait without receiving a BPDU before attempting to reconfigure.
Ste p Operation 1 If the priority of the BPDU received on t he po rt is lower than that of the BPDU if of the port itself, the switch discards the BPDU and does not change the BPD U of the port.
point-to-p oint link, it can transit to forw arding state af ter getting response from the downstream switch through handshake. RSTP Ele ment s Edge Port: Indicates the port connected directly to terminals. P2P Link: Indicates the link between two switches direct ly connected.
Port St ates In an MSTP , ports can be in the following four states: Forwarding: In this status the port can rece ive/forward data, receive/send BPDU p acket s as well as learn MAC address. Learning: In this status the port can rece ive/send BPDU p acket s and learn MAC address.
Figure 7-4 STP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config STP: Enable/Disa ble STP function globally on the switch. V ersion: Select the desired STP version on the switch. STP: S panning T ree Protocol. RSTP: Rapid S panning T ree Protocol.
Note: 1. The forward delay parameter and the network dia meter are correlated. A too small forwar d delay parameter may result in temporary loops. A too large forward del ay may cause a network unable to resume the normal state in time. The default value is recommended.
7.2 Port Config On this page you can c onfigure the parameters of t he ports for CIST Choose the menu Sp anning T ree → Port Config to load the following page.
Port Role: Displays the role of the po rt played in the STP Insta nce. Root Port: Indicates the port that has the lowest p ath cost from this bridge to the Root Bridge and forwards packets to the root. Designated Port: Indicates the port that forwards packet s to a downstream network segment or switch.
Figure 7-7 Region Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Region Config Region Name: Create a name for MST region identif ication using up to 32 characters. Revision: Enter the revision from 0 to 6553 5 for MST region identification.
Select: Select the desired Inst ance ID for c onfiguration. It is multi-optional. Inst ance: Displays Instance ID of th e switch. Statu s: Displays stat us of the instance.
Figure 7-9 Instance Po rt Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Config Inst ance ID: Select the desired instance ID for its port configuration. Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered.
Ste p Operation Description 1 Make clear roles the switches play in spanning tree instances: root bridge or designated bridge Preparation. 2 Globally configure MSTP parameters Required. Enable S panning T ree function on the switch and configure MSTP p arameters on Sp anning Tr e e → STP Config → STP Config p age.
T o avoid this, MSTP provides root protect functi on. Ports with this function enabled can only be set as designated ports in all sp anning tree instances . When a port of this type receives BDPU packet s with higher priority , it transits its st ate to blocking state and stop s forwarding packets (as if it is disconnected from the link).
Figure 7-10 Port Protect The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Protect Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for port protect configuratio n.
Figure 7-1 1 TC Prote ct The following entries are displayed on this screen: TC Protect TC Threshold: Enter a number from 1 to 100. It is the maximum number of the TC-BPDUs received by the switch in a TC Protect Cycle. The default value is 20. TC Protect Cycle: Enter a value from 1 to 10 to specify the TC Protect Cycle.
Configuration Procedure Configure switch A: Ste p Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as T runk, and add the ports to VLAN101-VLAN106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.
Configure switch C: Ste p Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as T runk, and add the ports to VLAN101-VLAN106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.
The configuration procedure for switch E and F is the same with that for switch D. The topology diagram of the t wo instances af ter the topology is stable For Instance 1 (VLAN 101, 103 and 105), the red pa ths in the following figure are connected links; the gray paths ar e the blocked links.
Chapter 8 Ethernet OAM OAM Overview Ethernet OAM (Operation, Administ ration, and Maintenance) is a Layer 2 protocol for monitoring and troubleshooting Ethernet network s. It can report the network status to network administrators through the OAMPDUs ex changed between two OAM ent ities, facilitating network management.
Information OAMPDU : Information OAMPDU is used for di scovery . It transmits the state information of an OAM entity (including local, remote, and or ganization-specific information) to another OAM entity , and maintains OAM connection. Event Notification OAMPDU : Event Notification OAMPDU is used for link monitoring.
Item Active OAM mode Passive OAM mode T ransmitting Loopback Control OAMPDUs Available Unavailable Responding to Loopback Control OAMPDUs Available (if both sides operate in active OAM mode) Available.
As Information OAMPDUs are sent between the OAM entities periodically , an OAM entity can inform one of its OAM peers of link fault s th rough Information OAMPDU s. So the network administrator can get informed of the link faults and ta ke action in time.
Figure 8-4 Basic Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Basic Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for confi guration.
Figure 8-5 Discovery Info The following entries are displayed on this screen: Local Client The local client pa rt shows the info rmation of the local OAM entity . OAM: Displays whether the OAM functi on is enable d or disabled on the selected port.
V ariable Request: Displays whether the local client supports variable request. If supports, the local client can send some variable requests to the remote client to learn about the link status from the response of the remote client. PDU Revision: Displays the Information TL V revision of Information OAMPDU.
PDU Revisi on: Displays the TL V revision of the OAMPDU. V endor Information: Displays the vend er information of the remote client. 8.2 Link Monitoring On this page, you can configure the parameters about OAM link events, including the threshold and the detection period.
Threshold: S pecify the threshold for the selected link event. For Symbol Period Error , it is the number of error symbols in the period that is required to be exceeded. For Frame Error , it is the number of er ror frames in the period (measured by 100ms) that is required to be exceeded.
Select: Select the desired port for confi guration. It is multi- optional. Dying Gasp Notify: Choose whether to notify the dying gasp or not. Critical Event Notify: Choose whether to notify t he critical event or not.
Remote Loopback: T o start or stop the remote loopback. 8.5 S tatistics Y ou can view the statistics about the detailed Ethernet OAM traf fic information and event log information of a specific port here. 8.5.1 S t atistics On this page, you can view the detailed Ethernet OAM traf fic inform ation of a specific port.
V ariable Request OAMPDUs: Displays the number of variab le request OAMPDUs that have been transmitted or received on the port. V ariable Response OAMPDUs: Displays the number of variabl e response OAMPDUs that have been transmitted or received on the port.
Error Frame Event: Displays the number of error frame link events that have occurred on the local link or remote link. Error Frame Period Event: Displays the number of error fr ame period link events that have occurred on the local link or remote link.
S tate Description Advertisement This st ate indicates that no unidi rectional link is detect ed, which includes two kinds of situations: 1. This device est ablishes bidirectional links with all its neighbors. 2. DLDP remains in Active state for more than 5 seconds.
The typical bidirectional link detection process is ○ 2 → ○ 4 → ○ 5 , and the typical unidirectional link detection process is ○ 2 → ○ 4 → ○ 6 . On the DLDP page, you can enable the DLDP state globa lly and configure the interval of the advertisement packet s and the port shutdown mode.
Shut Mode: Once detecting a unidir ectional link, the port can be shut down in one of the following two modes: Auto : In this mode, DLDP generates logs and traps and shuts down the correspon ding port on detecting unidirectional links, and the DLDP link state transits to Disable.
2. The unidirectional link should be disconnected once being detected, and the ports shut down by DLDP can be restored after the fi b er pairs are correctly connected. Network Diagram Figure 8-13 DLDP Application Exampl e Configuration Procedure Ste p Operation Description 1 Enable DLDP globally .
After these four port s are correctly connected, se lect ports 1/0/27 and 1/0/28 in the Port Config table and click the Reset button to restore their state from Disable.
Chapter 9 Multicast Multicast Overview In the network, packet s are sent in three modes: unicast, broadcas t and multicast. In unicast, the source server sends separate copy information to each receiver . When a large numbe r of users require this information, the serv er must send many pieces of info rmation with the same content to the users.
IPv4 Multicast Address 1. IPv4 Multicast IP Address: As specified by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbe rs Authority), Class D IP addresses are used as destination addresses of multic ast packets. The multicast IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0–239.255.
Flags have 4 bits. The high-order flag is re served, and must be initialized to 0. T=0 indicates a permanently-assigned multicas t address assigned by the Internet Assgined Numbers Authority (IANA). T=1 indicates a non-permanently-assigned multicast address.
The IPv6 solicited-node multicast address has the prefix FF02:0: 0:0:0:1:FF00:0000/104 concatenated with the 24 low-order bits of a co rresponding IPv6 unicast or anycast address.
port s in a VLAN. The list is constructed and main ta ined by snooping IPv6 multicast control packe ts. MLD snooping performs a similar function in IPv6 as IGMP sno oping in IPv4. The Multicast module is mainly for multicast management configuration of the switch, including three submenus: IGMP Snooping , MLD Snooping and Multicast T able.
When receivi ng IGMP leave message, the switch will forward IGMP group-specific-query message to check if other members in the multicast gr oup of the port need this multicast and reset the member port time to the leave time. When the leav e time times out, the switch will remove the port from the corresponding multicast group.
The followin g entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config IGMP Snooping: Enable/Disable IGMP Sn ooping func tion globally on the switch. Unknown Multicast: Select the operation for the swit ch to process unknown multicast, Forward or Discard.
S t atic Router Ports: Enter the static router port whic h is mainly used in the network with stable topology . VLAN T able VLAN ID Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding VLAN ID based on the ID number you entered. Select: Select the desired VLAN ID for configuration.
Figure 9-7 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for IGMP Snooping feature conf iguration.
2. When b oth Fast Leave feature and Unknow n Multicast Discard feature are en abled, the leaving of a user connected to a p ort owning multi-user w ill result in the other users intermitting the multicast business. 3. Multicast Filter feature can only have effect on the VLAN with IGMP Snooping enabled.
9.1.5 Multicast VLAN In old multicast transmission mode, when users in different VLANs apply for join the same multicast group, the multicast r outer will duplicate this multic ast information and deliver each VLAN owning a receiver one copy . Th is mode wastes a lot of bandwidth.
Note: 1. The router port should be in the multicast VL AN, otherwise the member ports can not receive multicast streams. 2. The Multicast VLAN won't take effect unle ss you first complete the configuration for the corresponding VLAN owning the port on the 802.
Configur e a multicast VLAN, and user A and B rece ive multicast streams through the multicast VLAN. Network Diagram Configuration Procedure Ste p Operation Description 1 Create VLANs Create thre e VLANs with the VLAN ID 3, 4 and 5 respectively , and specify the description of VL AN3 as Multicast VLAN on VLAN → 802.
Figure 9-10 S tatic Multicast IP T able The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create St ati c Multicast Multicast IP: Enter static multicast IP address. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of the multicas t IP . Forward Port: Enter the forward port of the multicast group.
Figure 9-1 1 Packet S tatistics The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable auto refr esh feature.
in Layer 2 network. IGMP Snooping Querier can ac t as an IGMP Router in Layer 2 network. It can help to create and maintain multicast forwarding t able on the switch with the Query messages it generates. Choose the menu Multicast → Querier to load the following page.
Last Member Quer y Times: Enter the times of sending spec ific query frames by IGMP Snooping Querier . At receiving a le ave frame, a specific query frame will be sent by IGMP Snooping Querier .
MLD Snooping Fundament als 1. MLD Messages MLD Queries ： MLD Queries include General Queries and Multicast-Address-S pecific Queries (MASQs) and are sent out from the MLD router . MLD Report s ： When a host wants to join a multicast group or responds to the MLD queries, it will send out an MLD report.
multicast group. The user can c ontrol when a port membership is removed for an exiting address in terms of the number and interval of MASQs. If there is no Report message received from this port during the switch maximum response time, t he port on wh ich the MASQ was sent is deleted from the multicast group.
Unkno wn Multicast Filter: Choose to forward or drop unknown multicast data. Unknown IPv6 multicast packet s refer to those p ackets without corresponding forwarding entries in the IPv6 multicast tabl.
Figure 9-14 VLAN Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID you want to configure. Router Port Aging Tim e : Enter the router port aging time fo r this VLAN. It will override the global configured aging time.
Note: 1. The VLAN c onfiguration will ta ke effect when global MLD Snoo ping function is enabled and the corresponding VLAN is created. 2. When the router p ort aging time or mem ber port aging ti me is set for a VLAN, this value overrides the value config ured globally .
9.2.4 Port Config On this page you can configure MLD Snooping function with each single port. Choose the menu Multicast → MLD Snooping → Port Config to load the following page. Figure 9-16 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Config Select: Select the port you want to configure.
Figure 9-17 S tatic Multicast The following entries are displayed on this screen: St atic Multicast Config VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID. Multicast IP: Enter the multicast IP address. Member Port s: Enter the member ports of the static mu lticast group.
Querier Config VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID which you want to start Querier . Maximum Response Tim e : Enter the value of Maximu m Response T ime field of the Query message. Query Interval: Enter the Query message interval time. The Querier will send General Query Message with this interval.
The followin g entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Fresh Auto Fresh: Enable/Disable auto fresh feature. Fresh Period: Enter the time from 3 to 300 seconds to specify the auto fresh period. MLD Packet St atistics Received MLD Query : Displays the number of MLD Query packet s the switch has received.
Search Option Multicast IP: Enter the multicast IP address the desired entry must carry . VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID the desired entry must carry . Port: Select the port number the desired ent ry must carry . Ty p e : Select the type the desired entry must carry .
Multicast IP T able Multicast IP: Displays the multicast IP . VLAN ID: Displays the VLAN ID. Forward Port s: Displays the forward ports of the group. Ty p e : Displays the type of the group. Note: The max number of multicast ent ries is 256. The IPv4 multicas t table and IPv6 multicast table share the total entry number of 256.
Chapter 10 QoS QoS (Quality of Service) functi ons to provide different quality of service for various network applications and requirements and optim ize the bandwidth resource dist ribution so as to provide a network service experience of a better quality .
2. 802.1 P Priority Figure 10-2 802.1Q frame As shown in the figure above, each 802.1Q T ag ha s a Pri field, comprising 3 bits. The 3-bit priority field is 802.1p priority in the range of 0 to 7. 802.1P priority determi nes the priority of the packets based on the Pri value.
Figure 10-4 SP-Mode 2. WRR-Mode: We ight Round Robin Mode. In this mode, packets in all the queues are sent in order based on the weight value for each queue and every queue can be assured of a certain service time. The weight value indicates the occupied proportion of the resource.
10.1 DiffServ This switch classifies the ingr ess packets, map s the packe ts to dif ferent priority queues and then fo rwa rd s t he pac ke ts ac co rdi ng to sp eci f ied scheduling algorit hms to implement QoS function. This switch implem ents th ree priority mode s based on por t, on 802.
Configuration Procedure: Ste p Operation Description 1 Select the port priority Required. On QoS → DiffServ → Port Priority page, configure the port priority . 2 Configure the mapping relation between the CoS priority and TC Required. On QoS → DiffServ → 802.
Priority Level DSCP: Indicates the priority determined by the DSCP region of IP datagram. It ranges from 0 to 63. Priority Level: Indicates the priority level the packet s with tag are mapped to. The priority levels are labeled as TC0, TC1, TC2 and TC3.
The followin g entries are displayed on this screen: 802.1P Priority Config 802.1P Priority : Enable/Disable 802.1P Priority . Priority and CoS-mapping Config T ag-id/Cos-id: Indicates the precedence level defined by IEEE802.1P and the CoS ID.
WRR-Mode: Weight Round Robin Mode. In th is mode, packet s in all the queues are sent in order based on the weight value for each queue. The weight value ratio of TC0, TC1, TC2 and TC3 is 1:2:4:8. SP+WRR-Mode: S trict-Priority + Weight Round R obin Mode.
The followin g entries are displayed on this screen: Rate Limit Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for Rate conf iguration. It is multi-optional.
Figure 10-1 1 S torm Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: Storm Control Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for S tor m Control conf iguration.
10.3 V oice V LAN V oice VLANs are configured spec ially for voice data stream. By configuring V oice VLANs and adding the ports with voice devices attached to voice VLANs, you can perform QoS-related configuration for voice data, ens uring the transmission priority of voice data stream and voice quality .
Port V oice VLAN Mode V oice Stream T ype Link type of the port and processing mode ACCESS: Not supported. TRUNK: Supported. The default VL AN of the port can not be voice VLAN. TA G v o i c e stream GENERAL: Supported. The defaul t VLAN of the port can not be voice VLAN and the egress rule of the access port in the voice VLAN should be T AG .
Note: Don’t transmit voice stream toget her with other business packet s in the voice VLAN except for some special requirements. The V oice VLAN functi on can be implemented on Global Config, Port Config and OUI Config pages.
Figure 10-13 Port Config Note: 1. T o enable voice VLAN function for the LAG member port, please ensure its member state accords with its port mode. 2.
Member S t ate: Displays the state of the port in the current voice VLAN. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. 10.3.3 OUI Config The switch supports OUI creation an d adds the MAC address of the special voi ce device to the OUI table of the switch.
Configuration Procedure of V oice VLAN: Ste p Operation Description 1 Configure the link type of the port Required. On VLAN → 802.1Q VLAN → Port Config page, configure the link type of por ts of the voice device. 2 Create VLAN Required. On VLAN → 80 2.
Chapter 11 ACL ACL (Access Control List) is used to filter packe ts by configuring match rules and process policie s of packet s in order to control the access of the illegal users to the network. Besides, ACL functions to control traffic flows and save network resource s.
11.1.2 Time-Range Create On this page you can create time-ranges. Choose the menu ACL → Time-Range → Time-Range Create to load the following p age. Figure 1 1-2 T ime-Range Create Note: T o successfully configure time -ranges, please firstly specify ti me-slices and then time-ranges.
11.1.3 Holiday Config Holiday mode is applied as a different secured a ccess control policy from the week mode. On this page you can define holidays according to your work arrangement. Choose the menu ACL → Time-Range → Holiday Config to load the following page.
Choose the menu ACL → ACL Config → ACL Summary to load the following page. Figure 1 1-4 ACL Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: Search Option Select ACL: Select the ACL you have created ACL T ype: Displays the type of the ACL you select.
Choose the menu ACL → ACL Config → MAC ACL to load the following page. Figure1 1-6 Create MAC Rule The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create MAC-Rule ACL ID: Select the desired MAC AC L for configuration. Rule ID: Enter the rule ID.
Figure1 1-7 Create S tandard-IP Rule The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create St an dard-IP Rule ACL ID: Select the desired S tandard-I P ACL for configuration. Rule ID: Enter the rule ID. Operation: Select the operation for the switch to process packet s which match the rules.
Figure1 1-8 Create Extend-IP Rule The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Extend-IP Rule ACL ID: Select the desired Extend-I P ACL for configuration. Rule ID: Enter the rule ID. Operation: Select the operation for the switch to process packet s which match the rules.
S-Port: Configur e TCP/IP source port cont ained in the rule when TCP/UDP is selected from the pull-down list of IP Protocol. D-Port: Configure TCP/IP destination por t contained in the rule when TCP/UDP is selected from the pu ll-down list of IP Protocol.
Operation: Click the Edit button to modify the action. 11.3.2 Policy Create On this page you can create the policy . Choose the menu ACL → Policy Config → Policy Create to load the following page. Figure 1 1-10 Create Policy The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Policy Policy Name: Enter the name of the policy .
S-Mirror: Select S-Mir ror to mirror the data p a ckets in the policy to the specific port. S-Condition: Select S-Condition to limit the transmission rate of the data packet s in the policy . Rate: S pecify the forwarding rate of the data packet s those match the corresponding ACL.
Policy Bind T able Select: Select the desired entry to delet e the corresponding binding policy . Index: Displays the index of the binding policy . Policy Name: Displays the name of the binding policy . Interface: Displays the port number or VLAN ID bound to the policy .
Figure1 1-14 Bind the policy to the VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: VLAN-Bind Config Policy Name: Select the name of the po licy you want to bind. VLAN ID: Enter the ID of the VLAN you want to bind. VLAN-Bind T able Index: Displays the index of the binding policy .
Network Diagram Configuration Procedure Ste p Operation Description 1 Configure T ime-range On ACL → Time-Range page, create a time-range named work_time. Select Week mode and configure the w eek time from Monday to Friday . Add a time-slice 08:00 – 18:00.
Ste p Operation Description 3 Configure for requirement 2 and 4 On ACL → ACL Config → ACL Create page, create ACL 100. On ACL → ACL Config → St andard-IP ACL page, select ACL 100 , create Rule 2, configure operation as Permit, configure S-IP as 10.
Chapter 12 Network Security Network Security module is to provide the multip le protection measures fo r the network security , including six submenus: IP-MAC Binding , ARP Inspection , IP Source Guard, DoS Defend, 802.1X and PPPoE Config . Please co nfigure the functions appropriate to your need.
Th e following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Search Option Source: Select a Source from the pull-down list and click the Search button to view your desired entry in the Binding T able. All: All the bound entries will be displayed. Manual: Only the manually added entries will be displayed.
Figure 12-2 Manual Binding The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Manual Binding Option Host Name: Enter the Host Name. IP Address: Enter the IP Address of the Host. MAC Address: Enter the MAC Address of the Host. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID.
addr ess of the Host on Network layer . MAC address, the address of the Host on Data link layer , is necessary for the packet to reach the very de vice. So the destination IP address carried in a packet need to be translated into the corresponding MAC address.
Figure 12-4 ARP Scanning The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Scanning Option St art IP Address: S pecify the S tart IP Address. End IP Address: S pecify the End IP Address. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID. If blank, the switch will send the untagged packet s for scanning.
DHCP W orking Principle DHCP works via the “Client/Server” communication mode. The Client applies to the Server for configuration. The Server assigns the configuration information, such as the IP address, to the Client, so as to reach a dynamic employ of the network source.
（ 2 ） DHCP-OFFE R St age: Upon rec eiving the DHCP-DISCOVER packet, the DHCP Server selects an IP address from the IP pool according to the assigning priority of the IP addresses and replies to the Client with DHCP-OFFER packet carrying the IP address and other information.
Figure 12-7 DHCP Cheatin g Atta ck Implement ation Procedure DHCP Snooping feature only allows the port connect ed to the DHCP Server as the trusted port to forward DHCP pa ckets and thereby ensures that users get proper IP addresses.
Figure 12-8 DHCP Sno oping Note: If you want to enable the DHCP Snooping feature for the member port of LAG , please ensure the parameters of all the member port s are the same. The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: DHCP Snooping Config DHCP Snooping: Enable/Disable the DHCP Snooping function globally .
Decline Flo w Control: Select the value to s pecify the Decline Flow Contr ol. The traffic flow of the corresponding port will be limited to be this value i f the transmission rate of the Decline packet s exceeds the Decline Threshold. Option 82 Config Option 82 Support: Enable/Disable the Option 82 feature.
Att ack, frequently occur to the network, especially to the large network su ch as campus network and so on. The following p art will si mply introduce these ARP att acks.
Figure 12-10 ARP Attack – Cheating Gateway As the above figure shown, the at tacker sends the fake ARP p ackets of H ost A to the Gateway , and then the Gateway will automatically update its ARP table after receiving the ARP packet s.
As the above figure shown, the atta cker sends the fake ARP p acket s of Host A to Host B, and then Host B will automatically update its ARP table afte r receiving the ARP p ackets.
ARP Flooding Attack The attacker broadcasts a mass of various fake AR P p ackets in a network segment to occupy the network bandwidth viciously , which results in a dramatic slowdown of network speed. Meantime, the Gateway learns the false IP address-to -MAC address mapping entries from these ARP packet s and updates its ARP table.
T rusted Port T rusted Port: Select the port for which the AR P Detect function is unnecessar y as the T rusted Port . The specific ports, such as up-linked port, routing port and LAG port, shoul d be set as T rusted Port.
Figure 12-14 ARP Defend The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: ARP Defend Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select your desired port for confi guration.
Figure 12-15 ARP S tatistics The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the Auto Refresh feature. Refresh Interval: S pecify the refresh interval to display the ARP S tatistics. Illegal ARP Packet Port: Displays the port number .
Figure 12-16 IP Source Guard The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: IP Source Guard Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corr esponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select your desired port for confi guration.
DoS Att ack T ype Description Land Attack The attacker sends a specific fake SYN packe t to the destination Host. Since both the source IP address and the destination IP address of the SYN packet are set to be the IP address of the Host, the Host will be trapped in an endless circle for bu ilding the initial connection.
DoS Att ack T ype Description Ping Of Death ICMP ECHO Request Packet whose sum of "Fragment Of fset" and "T otal Length" fields in the IP header is greater than 65535 may cause Ping of Death attack.
Defend T ype: Displays the Defend T ype name. Att ack Count: Displays the count of the corresponding attack. 12.4.2 DoS Detect DoS Detect functions to detec t the details of the DoS att ack packet s, based on w hich you can quickly locate the attacker in the local network.
protocol ena bled, a supplicant can access the LAN only when it passes the authentication, whereas those failing to pass the authentication are denied when accessing the LAN.
802.1X Authentication Procedure An 802.1X authentication can be initiated by suppl i cant system or authent icator system. When the authenticator system detec ts an unauthenticated supp licant in LAN, it will initiate the 802.1X authentication by sending EAP-Reque st/Identity packet s to the supp licant.
5. Upon receiving the key (encapsulated in an EAP-Request/MD5 Challenge packet) from the switch, the client program encrypts the passwor d of the supplicant system with the key and sends the encrypted password (contained in an EAP-Response/MD5 Challenge packet) to the RADIUS server through the switch .
requ est packet to the supplicant system if t he supplicant system fails to respond in the specified timeout period. （ 2 ） RADIUS ser ver timer ( Server Timeout ): This timer is triggered by the switch a fter the switch sends an authentic ation request packet to RADIUS server .
Figure 12-22 Global Config The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Global Config 802.1X: Enable/Disa ble the 802.1X function. Auth Method: Select the Authentication Me thod from the pull-down list.
Retr y Times: S pecify the maximum transfer times of the repeate d authentication request. Supplicant Timeout: S pecify the maximum time for the switch to wait for the response from supplicant bef ore resending a request to the supplicant.
working for it s fixed unauthorized statu s. Control T ype: S pecify the Control T ype for the port. MAC Based: Any client connected to the port should pass the 802.1X Authentication for access. Port Based: All the clients connected to the port can access the network on the c ondition that any one of the clients has passed the 802.
Secondar y IP: Enter the IP address of the alternate accounting server . Accounting Port: Set the UDP port of accounting se rver(s). The default port is 1813. Accounting Key: Set the shared password for the switch and the accounting servers to exchange messages.
PPPoE Circuit-ID T ag Operation Process The general PPPoE Circuit-ID T ag work process is shown below: Figure 12-25 PPPoE Discovery Process The PPPoE discovery process is illustrated below: 1. The client sends P ADI (PPPoE Active Di scovery Initiation) pack ets to the switch.
Figure 12-26 PPPoE Circuit-ID Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config PPPoE Circuit-ID Insertion: Enable/Disable the PPPoE Circuit- ID Insertion function globally . Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered.
Chapter 13 SNMP SNMP Overvie w SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) has gained the most extens ive application on the UDP/IP networks. SNMP provides a managem ent frame to monitor and maintain the network devices. It is used for automatica lly managing the various network devices no matter the physical differences of the devices.
failing to p ass community name authentication are discarded. The community name can limit access to SNMP Agent from SNMP NMS, functioning as a p assword. SNMP v2c: SNMP v2c also adopts community name authentic ation. It is comp atible with SNMP v1 while enlarges the function of SNMP v1.
SNMP module is used to configure the SNMP f unction of the switch, including three submenus: SNMP Config , Notification and RMON . 13.1 SNMP Config The SNMP Config can be implemented on the Global Config , SNMP Vie w , SNMP Group , SNMP User and SNMP Community pages.
13.1.2 SNMP V iew The OID (Object Identifier) of t he SNMP packets is used to describe the managed objects of the switch, and the MIB (Management Information Base) is the set of the OIDs. The SNMP View is created for the SNMP management station to manage MIB objects.
Figure 13-5 SNMP Group The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Group Config Group Name: Enter the SNMP Group name. The Group Name, Security Model and Security Level compose the identifier of the SNMP Group. These three items of the User s in one group should be the same.
Group T able Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding group. It's multi-optional. Group Name: Displays the Group Name here. Security Model: Displays the Security Model of the group. Security Level: Displays the Security Level of the group.
User T ype: Select the type for the User . Local User: Indicates that the us er is connected to a local SNMP engine. Remote User: Indicates that the us er is connected to a remote SNMP engine.
13.1.5 SNMP Community SNMP v1 and SNMP v2c adopt community name authentication. The comm unity name can limit access to the SNMP agent from SNMP network ma nagement station, functi oning as a password. If SNMP v1 or SNMP v2c is employed, you can di rectly configure the SNMP Community on this page without configuring SNMP Group and User .
Configuration Procedure: If SNMPv3 is employed, please take the following step s: Ste p Operation Description 1 Enable SNMP function globally . Required. On the SNMP → SNMP Config → Global Config page, enable SNMP function globally . 2 Create SNMP V iew .
13.2 Notification With the Notification function enabl ed, the switch can initiatively report to the management station about the important events that o ccur on the V iews (e.g., the manag ed devi ce is rebooted), which allows the management station to monitor and process the events in time.
Ty p e : Select the type for the notifications. Tr a p : Indicates traps are sent. Inform: Indicates informs are sent. The Inform type has a higher security than the T rap type. Retry: S pecify the amount of times t he switch resends an inform request.
Figure 13-9 T raps Config The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: SNMP T raps SNMP Authentication: If selected, the switch will s end an SNMP Authentication trap when a received SNMP request fails the authentication. Coldst art: If selected, the switch will send a Coldstart trap when it is rebooted with the SNMP function enabled.
VLAN Creat e/Delete If selected, the switch will send a VLAN Create/Delete trap when a VLAN is being created or deleted. IP Change: If selected, the switch will send an IP Change trap when the IP address of the switch is changed.
13.3 RMON RMON (Remote Monitoring) basing on SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) architecture, functions to m onitor the network. RMON is cu rrently a commonly used network management standard d.
Figure 13-10 History Control The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: History Control T able Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry . Port: Specify the p ort from which t he history samples were taken.
Event T able Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry . User: Enter the name of the User or the community to which the event belongs. Description: Give a description to the event for identification.
at the end of the sampling interval. Delt a: Subtracts the la st sampled value from the current value. The difference in the values is compared to the threshold. Rising Threshold: Enter the rising counter value t hat triggers the Rising Threshold alarm.
Chapter 14 LLDP LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) is a Layer 2 protocol that is used for network devices to advertise their own device information periodically to neighbors on the same IEEE 802 local area network.
Disable: the port cannot tr ansmit or receive LLDPDUs. 2) LLDPDU transmission mechanism If the ports are working in TxRx or Tx m ode, they will advertise local information by sending LLDPDUs periodically . If there is a change in the local device, the change notification w ill be advertised.
TL V T ype TL V Name Description Usage in LLDPDU 3 T ime T o Live Indicates th e number of seconds that the neighbor device is to regard the local information to be valid. Mandatory 4 Port Description Identifies the description string of the port. Optional 5 System Name Identifies the system name.
TLV Description System Name TLV The System Name TLV allows network management to advertise the system's assigned name, whic h should be the system's fully qualified domain name.
Figure 14-1 Global Configuration The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Global Config LLDP: Enable/disable LLDP function globally . Parameters Config T ransmit Interval: Enter the interval for the local device to transmit LLDPDU to it s neighbors.
Figure 14-2 Port Configuration The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: LLDP Port Config Port Select: Select the desired port to configure. Admin St atus: Select the port’s LLDP operating mode: Tx&Rx: Send and receive LLDP frames.
Figure 14-3 Local Information The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the aut o r efresh function. Refresh Rate: Specify the a uto refresh rate. Local Info Enter the desired port number and click Select to display the information of the corresponding port.
Th e following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the aut o r efresh function. Refresh Rate: Specify the a uto refresh rate. Neighbor Info Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered.
Figure 14-5 Device S tatistics The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the aut o r efresh function. Refresh Rate: Specify the a uto refresh rate. Global St atistics Last Up date: Displays latest update ti me of the statistics.
Receiv e T otal: Displays the number of LLDPDUs received by this port. Discards: Displays the number of L LDPDUs discarded by this port. Errors: Displays the number of error LLDPDUs received by this port. Ageout s: Displays the number of overtime neighbors linking to this port.
Chapter 15 Cluster With the development of network technology , the network scale is getting larger and mor e network devices are required, which may result in a mo re complicated network m anagement system.
The commander switch discovers and determines candidate switches by collecting related information. After being added to the cluster , the candidate switch becomes to be the member switch. After being removed from the cluster , the mem ber switch becomes to be the candidate switch.
The followin g entries are displayed on this screen: Neighbor Search Option: Select the information the desir ed entry should contain and then click the Search button to display the desired entry in the following Neighbor Information table. Neighbor Info Native Port: Displays the port number of the switch.
The followin g entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config NDP: Displays the global NDP st atus (enabled or disabled) for the switch. Aging Time: Displays the period for the neighbor switch to keep the NDP packet s from this switch. Hello Time: Displays the interval to send NDP packets.
Figure 15-4 NDP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config NDP: Enable/Disable NDP function globally . Aging Time: Enter the period for the neighbor switch to keep the NDP packet s from this switch. Hello Time: Enter the interval to send NDP packets.
15.2 NTDP NTDP (Neighbor T opology Discovery Protocol ） is used for the commander switch to collect NDP information. NTDP transmit s and forwards NTDP topology collection request based on NDP neighbor information table, and collects the NDP information and neighboring connection information of each device in a specific network r ange.
Neighbor In fo: Click the Det ail button to view the complete information of this device and its neighbors. Collect T opology: Click the Collect T opology button to collect NTDP information of the switch so as to collect the latest network topology . Click the Det ail button to view the complete information of this device and its neighbors.
Figure 15-7 NTDP Summa ry The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config NTDP: Displays the NTDP st atus (enabled or disabled) of the switch globally . NTDP Interval T ime: Displays the interval to co llect topology information.
Figure 15-8 NTDP Co nfig The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config NTDP: Enable/Disable NTDP for the switch globally . NTDP Interval T ime: Enter the interval to collect topol ogy information. The default i s 1 minute. NTDP Hop s: Enter the hop count the switch t opology collects.
Enable: C lick the Enable button to enable NTDP feature for the port you select. Disable: Click the Disable button to disable NTDP feature for the port you select. Note: NTDP function is ef fective only when NTDP f unction is enabled globally and for the port.
For a commander switch ， the following page is displayed: Figure 15-10 Cluster Summary for Commande r Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config Cluster: Displays the cluster status (enabl ed or disabled) of the switch.
Hop s: Displays the hop count from the member switch to the commander switch. For a member switch, the following page is displayed: Figure 15-1 1 Cluster Summary for Member Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config Cluster: Displays the cluster status (enabl ed or disabled) of the switch.
For a candidate switch, the following page is displayed. Figure 15-13 Cluster Configurat ion for Candid ate Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: Current Role Role: Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster .
The followin g entries are displayed on this screen: Current Role Role: Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster . Role Change Candidate: Select this option to change the role of the switch to be candidate switch. Cluster Config Hold Time: Enter the time for the switch to keep the cluster information.
The followin g entries are displayed on this screen: Current Role Role: Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster . Role Change Candidate: Select this option to change the role of the switch to be candidate switch.
15.3.4 Cluster T opology On this page you can see the whole cluster topology . Click the node switch to directly log on to the corresponding Web management page for you to c onfigure and manage this switch. Double-click the node switch to view its detailed information.
If the switch is a commander switch in the cluster , please take the following steps. Ste p Operation Description 1 Enable the NDP function globally and for the port, and then configure NDP parameters Optional. On Cluster → NDP → NDP Config page, enable the NDP function on the switch.
Chapter 16 Maintenance Maintenance module, assembling the commonly used system tools to manage the switch, provides the convenient method to locate and solve the network problem. （ 1 ） System Monitor: Monitor the utilization stat us of the memory and the CPU of switch.
16.1.2 Memory Monitor Choose the menu Maintenance → S ystem Monitor → Memory Monitor to load the following page. Figure 16-2 Memory Monitor Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its Memory utilization rate every four seconds.
The Log function is implemented on the Log T able , Local Log , Remote Log and Backup Log pages. 16.2.1 Log T able The switch supports logs output to two directions , namely , log buffer and log file.
16.2.2 Local Log Local Log is the log information saved in switch. By default, all system logs are saved in log buffer and the logs with severities from level_0 to level _2 are saved in log file meanwhile. On this page, you can set the output channel for logs.
Figure 16-5 Log Host The following ent ries are displ ayed on this screen: Log Host Index: Displays the index of the log host. The switch supports 4 log hosts. Host IP: Configure the IP for the log host. UDP Port: Displays the UDP port used for receiving/sending log information.
Backup Log: C lick the Backup Log button to save the log as a file to your computer . Note: It will take a few minutes to backup the l og file. Please wait without any operation. 16.3 Device Diagnostics This switch provides Cable T est functions for device diagnostics.
16.4 Network Diagnostics This switch provides Ping test and T racer t test functions fo r network diagnostics. 16.4.1 Ping Ping test function, testing the connectivit y between the switch and one node of the network, facilitates you to test the network connectivity and r eachability of the host so as to locate the network malfunctions.
16.4.2 T racert T racert test function is used to test the connecti vity of the gateways during its journey from the source to destination of the test data. When ma lfunctions occur to the network, you can locate trouble spot of the network with this tracert test.
Chapter 17 System Maintenance via FTP The firmware can be downloaded to the switch via FTP function. FTP (File Transfer Protocol), a protocol in the applicati on layer, is mainly used to transfer files between the remote server and the local PCs. It is a common protocol used in the IP network for file s transfer.
2 ） The Connection Description Wi ndow will prompt shown as Figure 17-3 . Enter a name into the Name field and click OK . Figure 17-3 Connect ion Description 3 ） Select the port to connect in Figure 17-4 and click OK .
Figure 17-5 Port Settings 3. Download Firmware via bootUtil menu T o download firmware to the switch via FTP func tion, you need to enter into the bootUtil menu of the switch and take the following steps. 1 ） Connect the console port of the PC to the console port of th e switch and open hyper terminal.
4 ） Configure the parameters of the FTP server which keeps the upgrade firmware. Later you can download the firmware to the switch from the FTP server . The format of the command is: f tp host xxx.xxx.xxx.xx x user xxxxx pw d xxxxx file xxxxxx.bin. Here take the following parameters of the FTP server as an example.
Appendix A: Specifications IEEE802.3 10Base-T Ethernet IEEE802.3u 100Base-TX/100Bas e-FX Fast Ethernet IEEE802.3ab 1000Base-T Gigabit Ethernet IEEE802.3z 1000Base- X Gigabit Ethernet IEEE802.3x Flow Control IEEE802.1p QoS IEEE802.1q VLAN Standards IEEE802.
Appendix B: Configuring the PCs In this section, we’ll introduce how to install and configure the TCP/IP correctly in Windows 2000 and TCP/IPv6 in WIN7. First make sure your Ether net Adapter is working, refer to the adapter’s manual if necessary .
Figure B-2 5) The following Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window will display and the IP Address tab is open on this window by default. Figure B-3 278.
6) Select Use the following IP address. And the following items will be available. If the switch's IP a ddress is 192.168.0.1, specify IP address as 192.168.0.x (x is from 2 to 254), and the Subnet mask as 255.255.255.0. 2. In IPv6 network ： 1) On the Windows t askbar , click the Start button, and then click Control Panel .
Figure B-6 5) The following TCP/IPv6 Properties window will display and the IP Address t ab is open on this window by default. 280.
281 Figure B-7 6) Select Use the following IPv6 address . And the following items will be available. If the switch's global IPv6 addr ess is 3001::1/64, specify IPv6 address as 3001::14 for example , and the Subnet prefix length as 64. Now: Click OK to save your settings.
Appendix C: 802.1X Client Sof tware In 802.1X mechanism, the supplicant Client s hould be equipped with the corresponding client software complied with 802.
Figure C-3 Welcome to the InstallShield Wizard 4. T o continue, choose the destination location for the installation files and click Next on the following screen. Figure C-4 Choose De stination Location By default, the installation files are saved on t he Program Files folder of system disk.
Figure C-5 Install the Program 6. The InstallShield Wizard is inst alling Tp Supplicant shown as the following screen. Please wait. Figure C-6 Setup S tatus 7.
Figure C-7 InstallShield Wizard Complete Note: Please pay attention to the ti ps on the above screen. If you have not installed WinPcap 4.0.2 or the higher version on your computer , the 802.1X Client Softw a re TpSupplicant can not work. It’s recommended to go to http://www .
2. Then the following screen will appear . If you want to stop the remove process, click Cancel . Figure C-9 Preparing Setup 3. On the continued screen, click Ye s to remove the application from your PC. Figure C-10 Uninstall the Application 4. Click Finish to complete.
Figure C-12 TP-LINK 802.1X Client Enter the Name and the Password specified in the Authentic ation Server . The length of Name and Password should be less than 16 characters. 2. Click the Properties button on Figure C-12 to lo ad the following screen for configuring the connection properties.
3. T o continue, click Connect button after entering the Name and Password on Figure C-12. Then the following screen will appear to prompt that the Radius server is being searched. Figure C-14 Authentication Dialog 4. When passing the authentication, the following screen will appear .
289 A1: It’s because the supported DLL file is missing. Y ou are suggested to go to http://www .winpcap.org to download WinPcap 4.0 .2 or the higher version for installation, and run the client software again. Q2: Is this TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software compliable with the switches of the other manufacturers? A2: No.
Appendix D: Glossary Access Control List (ACL) ACLs can limit network traffic and restrict access to certain users or devices by checking each packet for certain IP or MAC (i.
Generic Multicast Regis tration Protocol (GMRP) GMRP allows network devices to register end stations with multic ast groups. GMRP requires that any participating network devic es or end stations comply with the IEEE 802.1p standard. Group Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP) See Generic Attribute Registration Protocol.
Layer 2 Data Link layer in the ISO 7-Layer Data Commun ica tions Protocol. This is related directly to the hardware interface for network devices and passes on traffic based on MAC addresses.
293 Secure Shell (SSH) A secure replacement for remote access functi ons, including Telnet. SSH can authenticate users with a cryptographic key, and encrypt data c onne ctions between manage ment clients and the switch.
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