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bus VT1538A E NHANCED F REQUENCY /T OTALIZE / PWM S IGNAL C ONDITIONING P LUG -O N U SER ’ S M ANUAL 82-0093-000 Release April 28, 2003 VXI Technology, Inc.
VXI Technology, Inc. 2.
www.vxitech.com 3 I NTRODUCTION On May 1, 2003, VX I Technology, Inc. acquired Ag ilent Technology’s mechanical data acquisition product segment. During the transition period, Agilent branded ma nuals will be provided with the dynamic and static data acquisition produ cts until the man uals have been reb randed.
VXI Technology, Inc. 4 S UPPORT R ESOURCES Support res ources for this pr oduct are availabl e on the Internet and at VXI Technology c ustomer support centers.
Where to Find it - Online and Printed Information: System in stallation (ha rdware/software) .......... .. VXIbus Configuration Gu ide* Agilent VIC (VXI in stallation software)* Module c onfigurat ion and wiri ng .......... ........ ..... This Manual SCPI pr ogramming .
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Agilent E1538A Enhanced Frequency/Totalize/PWM SCP 3 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Frequency/T ot alize/PWM SCP About this Manual This manual describes h ow to confi gure the Signa l Conditioni ng Plug-on (SCP) using SCPI commands and explains t he capabiliti es of this SCP.
4 Agilent E1 538A Enhanced Fre quency/Totalize/PW M SCP Introduction The Agilent E1538A provides ei ght TTL compatible channels of digi tal I/O. Channels c an be indiv idually c onfigure d to perform .
Agilent E1538A Enhanced Frequency/Totalize/PWM SCP 5 both ful l and half step modes .(requir es 2 or 4 ch annels) The logic al sense of inpu t and outpu t chann els can be conf igured as inver ted or normal . Input-c onfigure d channel s have i ndividually programmable thr eshold l evels that ca n range fr om -46V to +46 V.
6 Agilent E1 538A Enhanced Fre quency/Totalize/PW M SCP Setting Config uration Switches The SCP has t hree packa ges of eig ht switche s each. The package lab e led OE (Out put En ab le ) de termi n es a c h anne l’ s I /O d ir ecti on.
Agilent E1538A Enhanced Frequency/Totalize/PWM SCP 7 Inst allation Instal lation f or this P lug-on is identical t o other SCPs and is co vered in Chapter 1 of your Agi lent E1415 or E1 419 User’ s Manual.
8 Agilent E1 538A Enhanced Fre quency/Totalize/PW M SCP Recomm en ded Sign al Conn ections Figure 5 shows th e reco mmended meth od of wir ing di gital I/O c hannel s, as well a s the m axim um vo l tage li mita tions for t h e E15 38 A. Figure 5 shows the sh ields con nected dir ectly t o the E1415 g round.
Agilent E1538A Enhanced Frequency/Totalize/PWM SCP 9 Input and Output Characteristics This sec tion desc ribes the E153 8’ s channe l input an d output el ectrical charact eristi cs.
10 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP is to ma intai n a con stant -le vel di gital o utpu t whil e the i nput v a ries from milliv olts to seve ral t en s of vo lts . For simple se nsing of switches and open coll ector logic device s, a channel’ s pull-up resist or can be co nnected by closing i ts PU switch.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 11 formula to calc ulate t he protec tion resis tor’ s value . Figure 7 shows the VRS mode input cha racteri stics.
12 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP Checking the ID of th e SCP To verif y the SCP type(s ) install ed on your VXI mod ule, use the SYSTem:CTYPe? (@< chann el >) com man d. • The cha nnel para meter s pecifies a sing le channe l in the c hannel range covered b y the SCP of int erest.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 13 • Channels in < ch_list > must be input conf igured ch annels Determining the Input Threshold Level To determine a channel’ s input .
14 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP Reading Static Digital State This means reading a cha nnel’ s cu rrent di gital stat e when an al gorithm exec utes . Th is is th e defa ult f u nct ion as sig ned to all d ig ita l inpu t ch an ne ls after *RST and at power- up.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 15 Totalize P ositive or Negative Edge State Changes Use [SENS e:]FUNCtion:TOTal ize (@< ch_li st >) to config ure channel s to total ize. T o tali z e mea ns to simp ly co unt st ate t ransi tion s (eit he r pos itiv e going, or negative going).
16 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP About Period and Frequency Measur ements The E1538A ac tually mea sures sig nal peri od for both the peri od and frequen cy functi ons. If the me asureme nt function is set to fre quency rather than p e rio d, t he SC P retu rn s the reci proca l of th e m eas ured p eriod .
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 17 Measure Frequency Use [SENS e:]FREQuency:APERtu re < ti me >, (@< ch_lis t >) to conf igure the fre quency count er channe ls’ measuremen t interv al. Use [SENS e:]FUNCtion:FREQuen cy (@< ch_list >) to confi gure channe ls to measur e signal f requency.
18 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP Measur e Period Use [SENSe:]PERiod :MODe APERture | NPERio ds,(@<ch_list>) to select the mea s ureme nt inte rval s ettin g mode .
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 19 To measu re period at channel 45 as the ave rage of 10 00 signal p eriods: *RST TRIGGER:TIMER .
20 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP Measur e Pulse Width This means tha t the E1538 wil l measure the widt h of the l ogic 1 porti on of a pulse.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 21 Sense Q uadra ture Positi on This means that the E1538 will conv er t a digital qua dra ture sign al pa ir int o an absol ute 24-bi t count.
22 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP Sense Rotational Velocity This me ans that the E1538 wi ll read the rota tional ve locity of a toothed wh eel sensor. The E1538 measure s tooth-to-t ooth period an d converts it into units of revolut ions per s econd (RPS).
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 23 • < index_typ e > can b e either of the st rings "MIS Sing", or " EXTRa" • < ch_list > must be the firs t channel on the SCP, but can conta in more than one channel provid ed that each chan nel is on a separat e E1538.
24 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP Programming Ou tp ut Channels This section d eals with all a spects of pr ogramming out put channe l functi ons. Channels are confi gured for output with t he I/O dir ection swi tches (see "Configu ring Input -Output d irection" on page 6 ).
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 25 Variable Width Puls e Per Trigger This means that the channel ge nerates a pul se whose wid th is spec ified by the alg orithm each time the algori thm execute s. The valu e sent by t he algori thm can range f rom 7.
26 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP Variable Width Pulse Train (PWM) This means t hat t he E1538 ou tputs a conti nuous t rain of pulse s whose l ogic 1 pulse wid th is cont rolled by t he algori thm. The frequ ency is set by a SCPI command bef ore INIT .
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 27 Variable Frequency Fixed Width Pulse Train (FM) This means tha t the E1538 out puts a cont inuous trai n of pulse s whose frequen cy is control led by the algori thm. The logi c 1 level pulse wi dth is set by a SCPI co mmand before I NIT.
28 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP Variable Frequency Square-W ave Pulse Train (FM) This means that the E1538 outputs a cont inuous tr ain of pulse s whose frequen cy is cont rolled by the algorit hm. The the dut y-cycle of the wavefo rm is always 50 %.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 29 Rotationally Positioned Pulse Outp ut Thi s means that t he E1538 will genera te pulse s which are positi oned by angle (usuall y shaft a ngle).
30 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP Rotational Pu lse Command Usage Use SOURce:FUNCtion:RPULs e (@< ref_ cha nnel >),(@ < ch_list >) to link cha nnels in < ch_ list > to the rot ational p ulse func tion.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 31 Rot ational Pulse Mode: V ariable Angular Position, Preset Pulse Wid th (by angle) In this m ode, the ang ular posi tion of the pulses is cont rolled by t he algori thm, and the width (durat ion in degr ees) is preset before INI T.
32 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP Rot ational Pulse Mode: V ariable Angular Positi on, Preset Pulse Wid th (by time) In this m ode, the ang ular posi tion of the pulses is cont rolled by t he algori thm, and the width (du ration in sec onds) is preset bef ore INIT.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 33 ALG: SCALA R’ALG1’,’ Po s3’,300 preset ch 47’ s pulse pos to 300 ° ALG:UPDATE . INIT start algorithm execution • • calculate va.
34 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP SOURce:RPULse:POSit ion[:ANGLe] < degrees >,(@< ch_list >), t o preset the angul ar pulse position in degree s.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 35 Rot ational Pulse Mode: V ariable Pulse Wi dt h (by time), Preset Angular Positi on In this mode, t he pulse durati on (in seconds ) is cont rolle d by the alg orith m, and the a ngular pos ition is preset b efore INI T.
36 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP SOUR:RPUL SE:POS :ANGL 140, (@146) preset chan nel 46 pulse posit i on to 140 d egree s SOUR:RPUL SE:POS :ANGL 260, (@147) preset chan nel 47 pul.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 37 Stepper Motor Control Use the co mmand SOURce:FUNCtion:STEPp er < preset_pos >,< mode >,< max_v el >,< min_vel >,(@ < ch_list >) to contr ol stepper motors. The E1538 can operate 2 or 4 phase motors in full, and half step mod e.
38 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP motor phas e channel group can no t be spli t across SCPs. The algor ithm sends new positi on values t o the fi rst chann el in a motor-gr oup. The algo rithm rea ds the cur rent posi tion value f rom the second ch annel in the motor -group.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 39 Figure 27. Full Step Mode, Full and Half Spe ed, 4-Channel Figure 28. Half Step Mode, Full Speed, 4-Channel.
40 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP Figure 29. Dire ctly Drivi ng 4-Phas e Stepper Motors.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 41 *RST and *TST (import ant!) The *RST and po wer-on cond ition (t rue also after *TST) for outp ut- configur ed channels wi ll outpu t a logical one (open-dra in output off). You should ke ep this behavior in mind when applyi ng the E1415 to your system.
42 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP SCPI Command Reference Most of t he E1538’s commands were avai lable si nce its i ntroducti on.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 43 [SENSe:]TOTalize:RESet:MODE? (@< channel >) 63 OUTPut:POLarity NORM | INV,(@< ch_l ist >) 46 OUTPut:POLarity ? (@< channe l >.
44 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP INPut:POLarity INPut : POLarity < mode >,< ch_list > sets log i cal inpu t pola rity on a digital SCP channel . Parameters Comment s • If the channel s specifi ed are on an SCP that doesn ’ t support t his funct ion, an error will be gener ated.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 45 INPut:THR eshold [:LEV el] INPut:THReshold[:LEVel] < level >,(@ < ch_l ist >) • allows programmat ically set ting the i nput thr eshold le vel for e ach input configur ed channel .
46 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP Note Because t he E1538 roun ds < level > to the ne arest mult ip le of 0 .375 , the return ed value ca n be dif ferent from the value sent . • INP:THR:LEV? r eturns a numer ic value b etween -46 and + 46.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 47 Parameters Comment s • Channel must speci fy a sing le channel • Retu rned V alue: returns one of NORM or INV . The type is strin g . • Send with VXIpl ug&play Function: hpe14XX_cmdS tring_Q(.
48 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP [SENSe:]FREQuency:APER ture? [SENSe:]FREQu ency:APERture? < channel > returns the currently set APERture ti me. Parameters Comment s • If the channel speci fied is on an SCP that doesn’ t support this funct ion, an error will be gene rated.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 49 exceeds the time-ou t period (i .e. frequenc y below LIMit: LOWer), then a freque ncy of 0 Hz wi ll be ret urned to t he E1415/19 /22 algor ithm.
50 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP SENSe:FREQuency:LIMit:LOWer? [SENSe:]FREQuency:LIMit:LOWer? <channel> re tu rns th e low er frequ ency limit cu rre n tly set for < channel > Parameters Comment s • < channel > must be a single cha nnel on an E1 538A SCP.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 51 SENS:FUNC:COND (@1 44:147) [SENSe:]FUNCtion:FREQuency [SENSe:]FUNCtion:FREQuency < ch_list > sets the SENSe func tion to frequen cy for channel s in < ch_li st >. Also conf igures th e channels sp ecified as digi tal inputs.
52 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP SENS:PER:MODE • *RST Condition: SENS:FUNC:COND an d INP:POL NORM for all digita l SCP channel s • Send with VXIpl ug&play Function: hpe14XX_cmd(...) Usage See “About Per iod and Fre quency Measurement s” on page 16.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 53 Parameters Comment s • < count_preset > i f include d, allows pr esetting t he absolut e counter associa ted wit h the ch anne l pair . All qua dratu re pairs i n < c h_list > will be prese t to the s ame value.
54 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP Parameters Com ments • Thi s function c an only be linked to the E153 8’ s first c hannel. The functi on work s fo r wheels that have ei the r a mis si ng, or an ext ra too th to mark the ir index pos ition.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 55 SENSe:]FUNCtion:T OT alize [SENSe:]FUNCtion:TOTalize < ch_list > sets the SENSe funct ion to TOT alize for ch anne ls in < ch_list >. S ee “ Total ize P ositi ve or Negat ive E dge State C hanges” on p age 15.
56 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP [SENSe:]PERiod:APER ture [SENSe: ]PERio d:APERtur e < aperture >,< ch_l ist > sets the t ime allo wed to determ ine sign al period and return a reading to the a lgorithm.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 57 [SENSe:]PERiod:APER ture? [SENSe: ]PERio d:APERtur e? < channel > returns the currently set APERture ti me. Parameters Comment s • If the channel speci fied is on an SCP that doesn’ t support this funct ion, an error will be gene rated.
58 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP the L IMi t:U P Per p eriod , then a perio d of 0 s ec wi ll be re turne d to th e E1415/19/ 22 algorithm. (Note: A p eriod val ue of 0 sec is used as a specia l token th at must be tested for in th e user’s provided E1 415/19/22 a lgorithm.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 59 [SENSe:]PERiod:LIMit:UPPer? [SENSe:]PE Riod:LIMit:UPPer? < channel > r eturns the uppe r pe riod limit curr ently se t for < cha nnel > Parameters Comment s • < channel > must be a single cha nnel on an E1 538A SCP.
60 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP SENSe:PERio d:MODE? SENSe:PERiod:MODE? ( @< channel >) ret urns th e meas uremen t interval mode currently set for period measur ement. Parameters Comment s • < channel > must be a single cha nnel on an E1 538A SCP.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 61 SENSe:PERio d:NPERiods? SENSe:PERiod:NPE Riods? (@< channel >) returns the number of signal periods the SCP will measure and average to calculate the signal period. Parameters Com ments • < chan nel > mus t be single c hannel on a n E1538A SCP.
62 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP If SENSe:PERiod :RANGe = 1.0 then s ettings conf lict if 1 .0sec < APERtur e < 4.0sec. If SENSe:PERiod :RANGe = 4.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 63 is tr ig ger e d. • If the cha nnels sp ecifi ed are not on a Freque ncy/T ota lize SCP , an err or will be g enerated . • Related Commands: SENS:FUNC:T OT , INPUT :POLARITY • *RST Condition: SENS:T OT :RESET :MOD E INIT • Send with VXIpl ug&play Function: hpe14XX_cmd(.
64 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP is ON then the FM st ate is OFF . If both t he FM and the PULM states are OFF the n the PULS e channel i s in the sin gle pulse mode. • If the cha nnels sp ecifi ed are not on a Freque ncy/T ota lize SCP , an err or will be g enerated .
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 65 SOURce:FUNCtion :RPULse SOURce:FUNCtion:RPULse (@< ref_channel >),(@< ch_list >) links channels in < ch_l ist > to t he rotat ional pulse function.
66 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP these ap plicati ons. See Fig ure 30 . • Send with VXIpl ug&play Function: hpe14XX_cmd(...
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 67 PULM state is ena bled the n the pulse width mod ulate d mode i s active . If bot h th e FM a n d the P ULM stat es ar e di sa ble d then the P ULS e channel is in the single pu lse mode. • Send with VXIpl ug&play Function: hpe14XX_cmd(.
68 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP • < mod e > is used t o select the steppi ng mode. the allowable values ar e: Related error message :3127, "Undefi ned E1538 Ste pper motor mod e." • The range of posi tion values tha t an algorit hm can send for the full -speed ("SF") mode is 0 to 65,53 5.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 69 can be di rectly d riven by t he SCP. See Figu re 29 for a connecti on diagram t hat also shows the r equired us er-suppl ied output pr otectio n components . • < ch_list > speci fies the cha nnels that will co ntrol st epper motor s.
70 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP SOURce:PULM:ST A T e? SOURce:PULM[:STATe]? (@< channel >) retur ns the pul se wid th modulated mode state for the PULSe channe l in < channel >. Parameters Comment s Channel must speci fy a sing le channel .
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 71 Usage SOUR: PULS:PER .005,(@1 40) set PWM puls e tra in to 200 Hz on channel 40 SOURce:PULSe:PERiod? SOURce:PULSe:PERiod? (@< channel >) returns th e fixed pulse period value on the pulse width modulat ed pulse channel in < channe l >.
72 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP • Send with VXIpl ug&play Function: hpe14XX_cmd(...) Usage SOUR :PULS :WID TH 2. 50E-3, (@1 43) set fixed puls e width of 2.5 mse c on channel 43 SOURce:PULSe:WIDTh? SOURce:PULSe:WIDTh? (@< ch_list >) retur ns the fixe d pul se w idth val ue on a fre quency modula ted pulse channel.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 73 Usage SOUR:RPUL SE:POS:A NGL 20,(@145) preset channel 45 pulse position to 20 de g rees SOURce:RPULse:POSition[:ANGLe]? SOURce:RPULse:POS itio.
74 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP SOUR:RPULSE :VART TIME,(@1 43:144) algori thm will cont rol pulse widt h by TI ME SOUR:RPU Lse:V ART ype? SOUR:RPULse:VARType? (@< channel >) ret urns the type of va lue that will be controll ed (var ied) by t he algori thm.
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 75 260 degr ees SOURce:RPULse:WIDTh[:ANGLe]? SOURce:RPULse:W IDTh[:ANGLe]? (@< channel >) retu rn s the w idth of the ro tatio nal ou tput p u lse cu rre nt ly set for < channel >. Parameters Comment s • < channel > must s pecify a s ingle cha nnel only .
76 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP SOURce:RPULse:WIDTh:TIME? SOURce:RPULse:W IDTh:TIME? (@< channel >) retur ns the w idth o f the rota tional o utput puls e currently set for < channel >. Parameters Comment s • < channel > must s pecify a s ingle cha nnel only .
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 77 Specifications These spe ci fi cat io ns for t h e E1 538A ref le ct it s perfor manc e whi l e instal le d on your VXI mod ule. General Spe cifications Output Characte ristics Characteri stic Pull -Up Off Pull-Up On (10K to Vcc) current so urce (log ic 1) 0 .
78 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP Totalizer Capacity Minimu m Pulse W idth Frequency Range 24 bits o r 16,777,21 5 500nS 0-100 KHz Frequency M easuremen t Gate Time ( t apert ure ) 1 mS ec to 1 Se co nd, resol uti on Range to Accuracy .
Agilent E1 538A Enhanc ed Frequency/Totali ze/PWM S CP 79 Auto-Gating (adaptiv e aper ture) 1mSec to 1Sec for Frequency 1mSec to 1Sec for Perid (using SENS:PER:RANGE 1) 4mSec to 4Sec for Perid (using SENS:PER:RANGE 4) Rotational Velocity Mea sure Characteris tics Extra Tooth Wheel or Missing Tooth Whee l Range in RPS to Accuracy .
80 Agilent E1538A Enhanced Fr equency/Totalize/PWM SCP Rotational Pulse Source C haracteristics Extra Too th Wheel Missi ng Tooth W heel Positio n angle ran ge -33.
Een belangrijk punt na aankoop van elk apparaat VXI VT1538A (of zelfs voordat je het koopt) is om de handleiding te lezen. Dit moeten wij doen vanwege een paar simpele redenen:
Als u nog geen VXI VT1538A heb gekocht dan nu is een goed moment om kennis te maken met de basisgegevens van het product. Eerst kijk dan naar de eerste pagina\'s van de handleiding, die je hierboven vindt. Je moet daar de belangrijkste technische gegevens VXI VT1538A vinden. Op dit manier kan je controleren of het apparaat aan jouw behoeften voldoet. Op de volgende pagina's van de handleiding VXI VT1538A leer je over alle kenmerken van het product en krijg je informatie over de werking. De informatie die je over VXI VT1538A krijgt, zal je zeker helpen om een besluit over de aankoop te nemen.
In een situatie waarin je al een beziter van VXI VT1538A bent, maar toch heb je de instructies niet gelezen, moet je het doen voor de hierboven beschreven redenen. Je zult dan weten of je goed de alle beschikbare functies heb gebruikt, en of je fouten heb gemaakt die het leven van de VXI VT1538A kunnen verkorten.
Maar de belangrijkste taak van de handleiding is om de gebruiker bij het oplossen van problemen te helpen met VXI VT1538A . Bijna altijd, zal je daar het vinden Troubleshooting met de meest voorkomende storingen en defecten #MANUAl# samen met de instructies over hun opplosinge. Zelfs als je zelf niet kan om het probleem op te lossen, zal de instructie je de weg wijzen naar verdere andere procedure, bijv. door contact met de klantenservice of het dichtstbijzijnde servicecentrum.
