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Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 2 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 . All righ ts re served. “Acronis”, “ Acronis Compute with Confid ence”, and the Acronis logo are trademarks of Acronis, Inc. Linux is a registered trademark of L inus Torvalds.
3 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Table of C ontents TABL E OF CO NTEN TS ........................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCING ACRONIS RECOVERY FOR M S SQL SERVER .
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 4 5.2.2 Specify ing a T ask Exec ution A ccount .............................................................................................. 33 5.2.3 Selecting Objects to Back Up .............................
5 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 11.2 D E LET IN G A T AS K ................................................................................................................................ 80 11.3 S TAR T IN G A T AS K .......................
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 6 Chapter 1. In troducing Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Server This chapter pro vides general information about Acronis Recovery for MS SQL S erver , it s features and advant ages. You will learn about s upported databases, operat ing syst ems and platforms.
7 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 1.2 W h y Acronis R ecovery fo r MS SQL Server Comprehensive recovery requires more than just dat a backup. Your M icrosoft SQL Serve r database contai ns tables, logs, and ot her components that structure t he data.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 8 Encryption Protect b ackups with strong industry - st andard encryption technolo gy. AES (Advanced Encrypti on Standard) is availabl e with three key lengths – 128, 192 and 256 bits to balance pe rfor mance and protection as desired .
9 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 • Tapes, Autolo aders, Tape Librarie s Backup Modes : • Full • Different ial • T ransaction Logs Backup F eatu res : • T une backup strategy with Ac.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 10 1.5 Supporte d Microsoft SQL Server versions • Mi crosoft SQL Server 7.0 (SP4+) • Mi crosoft SQL Server 2000 (SP3a+, both 32 - bit a nd 64 - bit version.
11 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 • you will find it in a CD b ox if yo u buy a licensed Acronis Recovery fo r MS SQL Server CD • y ou can receiv e it after r egi sterin g on the Acronis .
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 12 Chapter 2. Understa nding Acron is R ecovery for MS SQL Server This chapter pr ovides common information about work ing with Acro nis Recover y for M S SQL Server .
13 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 1 . I ntegr ati on betw een Acron is Rec overy for MS SQL Ser ver an d A cronis Recove ry for MS S QL Serv er Age nts Figure 2 .
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 14 Chapter 3. In stallation of Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Server From this chapt er you will learn how to inst all Acro nis Recov ery f or MS SQ L Server components both lo cally and remotely .
15 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 • s erver (Acr onis Reco ve ry for MS SQL Server Agent s ) UDP port: 9876 • s erver (Acr onis Re cover y for M S SQL Ser ver A gent s ) TCP port: 9876, i.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 16 the Management C onsole t o any network ed computer (f or i nformation a bout the r emo te installatio n see Installing Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Server Agent Remotely (p.
17 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 5 . Pro gram s elect ion w indow 3. Enter a serial number fo r the selected prod uct. For informatio n abo ut obt aining a serial num ber, se e Licen se Pol icy (p. 6) . T he Nex t b utton will no t be active until yo u enter a serial number.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 18 Figure 7 . Com puter sele ction w indo w 5. The summary page di splays all operati ons, which will be performed. Click Pro ceed to install Acron is Recover y for MS SQL Serv er Agent on the remote co mputer.
19 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 3.3.3 Extracting Acronis Reco ver y for MS SQL Server Compon ents For installing Acronis Recover y for MS SQL Server from the command line, you will need to extr act the * .ms i file pri or to star ting the inst allation pro cess.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 20 Chapter 4. Getting star ted with Acronis Recov ery for MS SQL Server This chapter will help you to st art working with Acroni s Recover y for M S SQL Serv er , and will guide you through connecting to a remote s erver, and remote installation of Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Server Agent .
21 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 10 . Main area If you sel ect a serv er in the Computers pane, on which Acronis Recove ry for M S SQL Serv er Agent is not in stalled, Acron i s Recov.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 22 Backup – create a database backup archive Restore – r estore databases from a previo usly created archive Bac kup Loc atio n C lean - up - clean databas.
23 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 The Operations menu c o ntains two available operations: • Bac kup - create a database backup archive • Restore - re store databases from a previously cr.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 24 Figure 13 . The C ompute rs p ane 4.4 Managemen t Acronis Recovery fo r MS SQL Server Management Console allows installation Acronis Recovery for MS S QL Server components on remote computers. To perform any of these operations you will need administ rator rights on the target machine.
25 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 14 . Disc over ing s ervers 4.6 Adding S er vers If, for any r eason, a ser ver cannot be found with the D iscover Computers t ool, you can add it to th e tree manua lly . You can apply any di scovery operat ion later as requir ed.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 26 Figure 15 . Addin g s erve rs 2. Click OK to add the s erver to t he tree. 4.7 Connecti ng t o a R emo te D atabase S erver In order to perfo rm any operatio n on a remote database server, you must first connect to it.
27 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 16 . Con nectin g t o a Re mote Data base S erver 4.8 Remote I nst all ation of Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Server Agent The remote instal lation of Acronis Reco very fo r MS SQL Serv er Agent is de scribed in detail in Installing Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Ser ver Agent Remot ely (p.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 28 Chapter 5. Creating B ackup Archives This chapter provid es general information about b ackup methods, describes how to backup Microsoft SQL Server d atabases , and which options can be s et using A croni s Recov ery for M S SQL Serv er .
29 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 state of the or iginal dat abase when the b ackup finished, minus any uncommitted transactions. For a small databa se tha t can be backe d up quick ly, it is c onvenient to us e only full database ba ckups.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 30 - Transac tion Lo gs backu p every tw enty minutes • Dat abase size is large and activ ity is high, recovery model is Simple: - Full backup once a week - .
31 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 5.1.6 Disaster Recover y Plan With Acronis R ecovery for MS S QL Server yo u can create a Disaster Recovery Plan.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 32 Backup and resto re on a tape drive proceed in the same way as with other d evices with the followi ng ex ceptions .
33 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 17 . Def ining a ba ckup s trategy If you are not sure which backup s trategy to choose, u se Schedule a bac kup task with Acronis Re c overy for MS SQL Server Ass i stant ( selected by def ault). See Using Acronis Recover y for MS SQL Server Assi stant (p.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 34 Figure 18 . Specifying a task execution account 5.2.3 Selecting O bject s t o B ack Up In the left pane of the window s elect a ser ver wit h Micr osoft SQL Serv er i nstalled and s p ecify Microsoft SQL Server inst ances or specific d atabases to back up.
35 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 19 . Selecting objects to back up You can also use the Change l ink to change the credentials for connecting to the Micros o ft SQL Serv er (see Specifying Credentials (p. 37 ) for detail s). Selecting Database s to B ack Up S elect the sp ecific datab ase you want to back up .
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 36 • Full backup is created - Rolling S napshots will be created immediat ely after creatio n of the full backup • D ifferential backup is created - Rollin.
37 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 • m ode l – used as the template for all databases created on the Microsoft SQL Server instance • m sdb – used by Microsoft SQL Serv er Agent for sch.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 38 We recommend you to st ore the archives of each task in a separat e location to av oid confusion during recovery.
39 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 22 . Sel ecting a b ackup a rchi ve loca tion Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Serve r allows you to clean storag e places to avoid storing out of date archives. S ee Backup Location Clean - up (p. 60) fo r details.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 40 Figure 23 . Perf orma nce w indow Click Next to cont inue. Acceptable Data Loss At this s tep specify a period of time when data changes significantly.
41 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Click Next to cont inue. Ser ver Loa d During a Week Specify the workl oad distr ibution on t he database server during a week. The Assist ant will use this informat ion to define a backup schedule according to your comp any’s server’s load .
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 42 Figure 26 . Ser ver L oad Durin g a Day win dow Initial Task Sta rti ng Specify a time for apply ing the select ed scheme : • Now – select th is o ptio .
43 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 27 . Initia l Task S tarting win dow Table of Backup S t rategi es The tab le below describ es differ ent back up str ate gies accor ding t o your requ irements for storage spa ce an d speed.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 44 5.2.7 Setting Backup Scheduling P aramete rs If you used Acronis Rec overy for M S SQL Server Assistant , Acronis Reco very fo r MS SQL Server will offer the ap propriat e schedule for t he choices you mad e.
45 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 30 . Back up Op tions w indow 5.2.9 Specifying a Ta sk Name and Pro viding Comments On the Task Name and Archiv e Comments wizard page, you can provi de a name and comments for the backup task .
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 46 5.2.10 Backup S ummar y The final stage of t he backup is the summary window, which displays the list of oper ations to be perf ormed. Click Finish to s ave the creat ed schedul e or start the back up creatio n task immediately .
47 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 33 . Sett ing defaul t ba ckup option s 5.3.1 Pre/Post Commands You can specify commands (or ev en batch files) that will be automatically ex ecuted before and after the backup p rocedure.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 48 Figure 34 . Pre/P ost c ommands 5.3.2 Compression L eve l Select the compressio n level for the backup. With higher compression ratios the archiv e fi le size will be smaller but the backup process may take longer .
49 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 35 . Compr ession level 5.3.3 Backup P riorit y You can set up the backup process priority: • Low - the backup process will run slower , but it will.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 50 Figure 36 . Back up priori ty 5.3.4 Backup P rotection Password The pres et is N o P assword . You can password protect your ar chives so that they will be inaccessible to others. Enter a password in the text field and confirm it.
51 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 37 . Backu p protect ion 5.3.5 Backup T yp e Substitution A full backup of the database is required before creati ng differential or t ransaction log backups.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 52 Figure 38 . Back up type subs tituti on Note, i f yo u use t he A cronis Reco very f or MS SQL Se rver Assistant to define the backup stra tegy, the Cr eate differ entia l backu p if t ransaction log backup creation is impos sible.
53 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 5.3.7 Additional Settings Validate ba ckup archive once it has been crea te d When enabled, the pro gram will verify the integrit y of the archive immed iately after it ’s created .
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 54 Chapter 6. Disaster Recovery Plan It is ex trem ely important for all organizations and users t o have detailed instructi ons describ ing the process for recoveri ng dat a quic kly and efficient ly in cas e of dis aster – a Disaster Recovery Plan.
55 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 42 . Sel ecting dat abases 3. Choose whether you want to receive the D isaster R ecovery P lan by e - ma il or to view it in HTML format 4.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 56 Figure 43 . Disas ter reco very plan op tions 2. Select t he databases fo r which you want to obtain the D isaster Recov ery P lan . 3. Specify the e - mail account t hat will be used for sending t he D isaster Recov ery P lan.
57 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Click Finis h to schedule recei pt of t he D isaster R ecovery P lan after each updat e. 6.3 Summary Thus, in case of disaster, you only need to take the most recent version of the Disaster Recovery Plan and follow the instr uctions to restore your databases .
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 58 Chapter 7. Impo rt a Maint enance Plan With Acro nis Recov ery for MS SQL Ser ver , you are able to im port an existing Mi crosoft SQL Server Maintenance Plan for a database a nd convert it into an Acronis Recov ery for MS SQL Server task .
59 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 7.2 Selecting a Maintenance P lan Select the databas e maintenance plan you want to impor t from the tree in the left pane. Information about the selected maintenance plan will be displayed in the right pane.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 60 Chapter 8. B ack up Lo ca tion Clean - up Sooner or later t he backups y ou create will fill up the ass igned storag e space. Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Se rver allows you to clean up backup l ocations by s pecifying how long to store the archive and/or the maximum number of full backups to sto re.
61 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 46 . Sel ecting a b ackup l ocati on 8.3 Providing a P assword If there are any pas sword - protect ed back up archives i n the locat ion yo u have selecte d (see Selecting the Back up Archi ve Loc ation (p.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 62 8.4 Specif y i ng C le aning O ptions Specify the maximum lifet ime of an archive and t he maximum number of full backup s to store . Select t he Consider maximum a rchiv e’s life check box and type o r select a number of days to store archives in the Days box .
63 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 49 . Sch edule Cle aning window 8.6 Backup Location Clean - up S u mmar y The final stage of the backup location clean - up is the summary window, where the list of operations which will be perfor med is displa yed.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 64 Chapter 9. Restor ing the Bac kup Data Launch t he Restore Data w izard b y clicking on the resto re operation ico n in the main work spa ce . 9.1 Restore 9.1.1 Restoration Time Selection In the first step of t he Restore Data wizard you will select when to run the rest oration process .
65 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Thus, the task will run as if it was started by the specified user. Enter the Username and password then c lick Next . The domain name must be specifi ed if the user is a member of a domain (DOMAIN Username) .
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 66 9.1.5 Providing a Pa sswo rd If there are any password - protect ed back up archives i n the locat ion yo u have selecte d (see Selecting a Database B ackup Lo cation (p. 65 ) ), y ou will need to ent er the password to restore your data fro m archives .
67 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Server will restore datab ases from Full, Different ial and T ransaction Log s backups (if any), but will not apply Active Log. Figure 54 . Back up ti mes list After s elect ing the app ropriate opti on click Nex t to continue.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 68 Figure 55 . Con ten ts sele ction Re sto rin g D atabase s Choose the datab ase to r estore. You can s et all t he recov ery par amet ers a s descri bed abo ve in t he Restoring insta nces sectio n .
69 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 56 . Con ten ts sele ction Click OK to continue. Re sto rin g System D atabases S ystem datab ases can only be res tored from a back up creat ed i n the Microso ft SQL Server versio n that the server instance is current ly running.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 70 Figure 57 . Con ten ts sele ction If the f ilegroup restore completes wi th an erro r message about th e database checks um va lidat ion fa ilur e ( 824), the databa se is not consiste nt after rest oring. You should restore the entire da taba se .
71 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 9.1.9 Selecting Start P aramet ers You can run a restore task manually or specify t he frequency (Daily, Weekly or M onthly). See Scheduling Tasks (p. 75 ) for detailed information . 9.1.10 Restore Summar y In the final step, the restorat ion summary is displayed.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 72 Figure 60 . Set ting d efau lt rest ore o ptions 9.2.1 Pre/Post Commands You can specify co mmands or batch files t o be aut omatically ex ecuted before and aft er the restore proced ure.
73 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 • N orm al - set by default. The restore process will run with normal p riority • Hi gh - the res tore p rocess wi ll run f aster , but i t may influence.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 74 Figure 63 . A dditi ona l se ttin gs.
75 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Chapter 10. Sched uling Tasks 10.1 What is a t ask? A task is a job you execute for a datab ase that includes the type of operation (b ackup, restore, etc. ), parameters of t he operation (what t o backup, what t o restore, etc.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 76 days Start time Time for starting the task. T he c urrent time is set by default Repeat Task ex ecutio n frequency: Onc e for a single execution and Every (.
77 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Figure 66 . Set ting w eekly sche dule Monthly - the task will be executed mont hly at the sp ecified time and day. You can set the following paramet ers: Parameter Description Months Select months for the t ask ex ecution from the dro p - down l ist.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 78 Figure 67 . Set ting m ont hly sch edul e One time - the t ask will b e executed once at t he sp ecified t ime and da y. You can set the Start time parameter: specify the date and time to start the operation.
79 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Chapter 11. Manag ing Tasks To manag e operat ions , click Manage Tasks in the Pi ck a Too l gro up or select the Tools - > Manage tasks menu item .
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 80 11.2 Deleti ng a T ask To del ete an ex isting task , select it in t he Task s window and click Delete Task o n the left.
81 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Chapter 12. Notifications Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Server can notify you when a task is complete using an SNMP service o r via e - mai l.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 82 12.2 SNM P You can choose whether t o send event log messages issued by Acronis Recover y for M S SQL Server to comp uters running SNMP (Simple Net work Management P rotocol) management applications .
83 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 • E rro rs onl y - only err or messages wil l be recor ded to the Window s Event Log Figure 72 . Windows eve nt log option.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 84 Chapter 13. Viewing L ogs Acronis Recovery for MS SQ L Server work i ng l ogs provide info rmation about scheduled task results, includi ng failure reaso ns, if any. To v iew logs , click the Logs it em in the Pic k a Tool group.
85 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Appendix A. Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Server : Bes t Prac tices This section p rovides inst ructions for bes t practices when using Acronis R ecov ery for M S SQL Server .
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 86 a. Select the whol e Microsoft SQL Serv er instance (o r all available inst ances) as a backup source b. Select a backup destina tion c.
87 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 b. Select the Restor e to point in time option and specify t he date and time manually , or select the backup from the list of backups. c. Select the database to restore from t he archiv e d. Start th e restore operati on Only one database will be resto red to the selected p oint in ti me.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 88 A .3 Migrate to an other M icros oft SQL Server v ersion . Sc enar io The company needs t o move a d atabase to ano ther server, where a new er Microsoft SQL Server v ersion is installed.
89 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 A .6 Using the Disa ster R ec o ve r y Plan to res tore databases Sc enar io The business owner wan ts to b e sure that the dat abases can be resto red at any ti me, even in ca se the database a dministrat or is not available for any reason.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 90 Appendix B. Installing Ac ronis Recovery for MS SQL Server from command line Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Se rver supports the Micro s oft Installer u tility ( msiexec.ex e ) with all its commands. Here is the MSI installation command and options: Install Opt ions /i <Component.
91 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 Reinstall Opti o ns /f [p|o|e |d|c|a |u|m| s|v] <Component.msi | ProductCode> Rei nstalls or upgrades the product p – reinstalls on ly missin g files.
Copyri ght © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 92 i - Logs status messages w - Logs nonfatal warnings e - Logs all er ror mess ages a - Logs startup of actions r - Logs acti on - sp ecific recor ds u - Logs user reque sts c - Logs initial user interface parameter s m - Logs out - o f - memory p - Logs ter minal properties v - Logs ver bose outpu t.
93 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000 - 2010 T ra nsfo rm Li st - List o f paths sepa rated by semicol ons Options for Advertising Using a Transform msiexe c /j[u ][m] component /t TransformLi st User I.
Een belangrijk punt na aankoop van elk apparaat Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Server (of zelfs voordat je het koopt) is om de handleiding te lezen. Dit moeten wij doen vanwege een paar simpele redenen:
Als u nog geen Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Server heb gekocht dan nu is een goed moment om kennis te maken met de basisgegevens van het product. Eerst kijk dan naar de eerste pagina\'s van de handleiding, die je hierboven vindt. Je moet daar de belangrijkste technische gegevens Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Server vinden. Op dit manier kan je controleren of het apparaat aan jouw behoeften voldoet. Op de volgende pagina's van de handleiding Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Server leer je over alle kenmerken van het product en krijg je informatie over de werking. De informatie die je over Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Server krijgt, zal je zeker helpen om een besluit over de aankoop te nemen.
In een situatie waarin je al een beziter van Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Server bent, maar toch heb je de instructies niet gelezen, moet je het doen voor de hierboven beschreven redenen. Je zult dan weten of je goed de alle beschikbare functies heb gebruikt, en of je fouten heb gemaakt die het leven van de Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Server kunnen verkorten.
Maar de belangrijkste taak van de handleiding is om de gebruiker bij het oplossen van problemen te helpen met Acronis Recovery for MS SQL Server . Bijna altijd, zal je daar het vinden Troubleshooting met de meest voorkomende storingen en defecten #MANUAl# samen met de instructies over hun opplosinge. Zelfs als je zelf niet kan om het probleem op te lossen, zal de instructie je de weg wijzen naar verdere andere procedure, bijv. door contact met de klantenservice of het dichtstbijzijnde servicecentrum.
