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INSTRUCTION MANUAL RF400/RF410/RF415 Spread Spectrum Data Radio/Modem Revision: 3/05 Copyright (c) 2001-2005 Campbell Scientific, Inc..
Warranty and Assistance The RF400 SERIES S PREAD SPECTRUM DATA RADIO/MODEM S are w arranted by CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. to be free f rom def ects in materials and w orkman ship un der normal u se and service f or twelv e (12) months from da te of shi pment unless sp ecifi ed o therwise.
– CAUTION – Where an A C ada pter is used, CSI r ecomme nds Item # 15966. This A C adap ter is included as part of Item # 14220 RF40 0 Series Base Sta tion Cable/Pow er Kit.
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i RF400 Series Table of Contents PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections. 1. Introducti on ...............................................
RF400 Table of Contents ii C. RF400 Series A ddress and Address Mask ........... C-1 D. Advanced Setup Standby Modes ......................... D-1 E. RF400 Series Po rt Pin Descriptions ..................... E-1 F. Datalogger RS-232 Por t to RF400 Series Radi o .
RF400 Table of Contents iii K-1. 900 MHz Gain A ntenn a Test Distances..............................................K-6 L-1. A dvanced Setup Men u ....
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1 RF400 Series Spread Spectrum Data Radio/Modems 1. Introduction This manu al covers th e RF400 series radios — the RF400, R F410, and RF415. These radios dif fer from one another prim arily in the radio f requenci es at which th ey communicate. In this manual the term “RF400” can refer to the “RF400 series” or to th at specific model.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 2 FIGURE 1. RF400 The RF400 ha s a 9-pin serial CS I/O port and a 9-pi n serial DCE R S-232 port. The CS I/O port al lows th e RF400 to connect t o a datalogger.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 3 Quiescent Curre nt in Standby Mo des* Avg. Quies cent Current (mA) Advanced S etup Standby M ode Standard Setup RF400/ RF410 R F415 24.0 33.0 0 (no duty cycling) 1 3.9 5.5 3 2 2.0 2.8 4 3 1.1 1.5 5 0.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 4 For this system you will need the followin g hardware or the equivalent: 1. Two RF 400s 2. Two RF400 an tennas 3. AC adapter (It em # 15966 or part of k it #14220) 4. Serial cable (6 ft.) for PC COM port to RF 400 RS-232 p ort (Item # 10873 or part of Item # 1422 0) 5.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 5 apx TECHNOLOGIES INC. CLASS 2 TRANSFORMER MODEL NO: AP2105W INPUT: 120VAC 60Hz 20W LISTED 2H56 E144634 MADE IN CHINA OUTPUT: 12VDC 1.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 6 Current dat aloggers an d wiring pan els (not mention ed in Table 1) prov ide 12 V on pin 8. For older products not listed, ch eck for 12 V betw een CS I/O connector pin 8 and pin 2 (GND) or contact Campbell Scientific.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 7 Auto Sense The RF400 has a default feature call ed “Auto Sense” th at automatically configures certain RF400 settings. When you connect an RF400 to a datalogg er (CS I/O port to C S I/O port) th e RF400 detects t he presence of the datalogger an d makes its CS I/O port the active port.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 8 Green LED activity indicates that there is an RF signal being received wh ose hopping sequence correspon ds to the conf igured hopping sequence of the RF400.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 9 The Standard Setup stan dby modes automatically configure: • Time of Inactivity to Sleep • Time of Inactivity to Long Header • Long Header Tim e The defaul t mode is the S tandard Setup m enu selection “2” for “ < 4 mA and ½ sec Cycle.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 10 4.1.3.2 ATDT Command Mod e This mode i s not requi red for basic poin t-to-poin t communication. For point -to-mult ipoint operation the RF400 can temporarily be put into A T Command Mode by sending a string of three A SCII characters.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 11 Retries”, “Ti me-slots for Random Retry”, and “Bytes T ransmitted before Delay” settings. STAND ARD RET RY LEVEL S Menu Retry Leve l Maximum Retries Time-Slots for Rando m Retry Bytes Tr ansmitted Before De lay 1 None 0 0 65535 2 Low 3 2 1000 3 Medium 6 3 1000 4 High 10 5 1000 4.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 12 For example, if you input a value of 50, then packets with hop s ync info will be sent out every 5 seconds im proving (sh ortening) the respon se time of a transmit/response sequence.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 13 (CSI Item # 14291) wi th tinned leads to connect to pow er at the datalogg er 12 V outpu t terminals and barrel connector to pl ug in to the RF400’s “ DC Pwr” jack. If 120 VA C is availa ble at the site, t he 120 VAC adapter al one (CSI Item # 15966) i s an option .
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 14 CSI AC adapter Item # 15966 voltag e regulation (ty pical) while pl ugged into an AC out let deliv ering 120.0 VAC: TABLE 3. 159 66’s Volt age Regulati on Current Drain (m A) Resistive Lo ad (Ohms) AC Adapter Output (Volts) 0 (no load) ∞ (open circui t) 12.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 15 A rem ote RF400 can be conn ected to a CR23X’ s or CR5000’ s RS-232 port with a nu ll modem DB9M/DB9M cabl e (CSI Item # 14392).
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 16 WISP24015P TNF, boom length 17 in ches, diamet er 3 inches, W/ END MOUNT to fit 1 to 2 in. O.D. mast (requires eith er (1) COAX RPSMA-L for sh or.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 17 ITEM # 14204 9 00 MHZ OM NI ½ WAVE WHIP 0 dBd ITEM # 14201 900 MHZ YAGI 9 dBd w /MOUNT S ITEM #14205 900 MHz YAGI 6 dBd w/MOUNTS ITEM # 14221 9 .
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 18 ITEM #15970 9 00 MHZ Indoor O MNI 1 dBd Win dow /Wall Mounted ITEM #16005 2. 4 GHz OMN I HALF WAV E WHIP 0 dBd ITEM #16755 2.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 19 FIGURE 5 . Examp le COAX RPSMA-L C able f or Yagi or Omn i Colinear FIGURE 6. Antenna Surge Protector 4.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 20 • When use of CO AX RPSMA would resu lt in too much si gnal loss (see page H- 3) • When the R F400 series radio will be u sed in an envi ronment sus ceptible to lightning or electro-static buildup 4.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 21 5. Software Setup 5.1 Point-to-point Set-up param eters are conf igured the s ame for the two RF400s . The RF400 defaul ts to radio address “ 0” (zero) wh ich works for m any applications . See Section 4.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 22 Main Menu SW Version 6.425 (for exam ple) (1) Standard Setu p (2) Adva nced Setup (3) Restore Def aults (4) Show All Current and Default Settin gs (5) Save All Parameters and Exit Setup (9) Exit Setup without Saving Parameters Enter Choice: 4.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 23 c. Select a R adio Address (0 – 1023). The radio addresses m ust be the same in point-to- point commun ications (for poi nt-to-m ultipoint communicat ions you could s et the base RF400 to 0 an d the rem otes to 1, 2, 3, etc.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 24 2. Point-to-multipoi nt a. Complete steps 1 to 4 above making the remote stations’ Networ k Address es and Hopping S equences the same as the base s tation’s.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 25 power and intermittent repeater sites ma y not be a problem. Test such a site with a representative setup b efore committing to it (see Troubleshooting Sectio n 6). Keep in mind that commercial sites te nd to evo lve.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 26 RF400 RF400 RF400 RF400 DA T ALOGGER DA T ALOGGER DA T ALOGGER FIGURE 8. P oint-to-M ultipoint System 5.3.4 PC2 08W Configuration a. Point-to-point (1) Device Map - COM1 CR10X 1 (2) Set st ation CR10X1 baud rate to 9600 baud i n network map (3) Datalogger extra res ponse time – 0 mS b.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 27 (4) Datalogger Station Settings (a) Exa mple “D ia led U sing Ge ner ic Di al Str ing” : D1000 T"+++" R"OK"9200 T"A .
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 28 6. Troubleshooting If you can’t conn ect, check out these pos sible causes: 1. Datalogg er or Wiring Panel lacks 12 V pow er on pin 8 of CS I/O port The RF400 shou ld go through its initialization with red and green LEDs lighting (s ee Section 4.
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 29 7. RF400 receiver “ de-sensing” from nearb y transmitter This problem can be observ ed from LED beh avior when operating a hand- held radio near an RF400 that is receiving collected data from a remote station .
RF400 Series Spread Sp ec trum Data Rad io/ Mod ems 30 10. PC208W.dn d file corru pted The remote possibility e xists that this file has beco me corrupted in y our PC. Aft er you create the N etwork Map in PC208W, you can back up PC208W.dn d in case th is should h appen.
A-1 Appendix A. Part 15 FCC Compliance Warning Changes or modifi cations to the RF400 s eries radio sy stems n ot expressly approved by Campbell Scient ific, Inc.
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B-1 Appendix B. Setup Menu Here is th e structure of th e RF400 series’ built-in Setup Men u system which can be accessed by conf iguring a term inal e mulator prog ram such as Procomm TM or Hy perT.
Append ix B. S etup Menu B-2 ii) Radio Stan dby Modes (1) Standby Mode (0 => 24 m A Always O N 3 => 4 mA 1/2 sec Cycle) (4 => 2 m A 1 sec Cy cle 5 => 1 mA 2 se c Cycle) (6 => .
Append ix B. S etup Menu B-3 4 => 38.3k (2) RS-232 Pari ty: 0 => None 1 => Odd 2 => Even (3) RS-232 Ch aracter Length: 0 => 8 bits 1 => 7 bits (4) RS-232 S top Bits: 0 => 1 1 =>.
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C-1 Appendix C. RF400 Series Address and Address Mask Address An RF400’ s address is 16 bits : (0 - 1111,11 11,1111,11 11) binary (0 - ffffh ) hexadecimal 0 – 65535) decimal The two parts of the address are the “N et work Address ” and the “Radio Address .
Appendix C. RF400 Series A ddress an d Addres s Mas k C-2 four bi ts are not com pared, any remote RF400 w ith Radi o Address of 0 t o 1111 (decimal 0 to 15) will be received by the base statio n.
Appendix C. RF400 Series A ddress an d Addres s Mas k C-3 NET ADDRESS (decimal) RADIO ADDRESS (decimal) COMBINED 16-BIT A DDRESS (hexadecimal) 0 29 001D 0 30 001E 0 31 001F 0 32 0020 0 1022 03FE 0 102.
Appendix C. RF400 Series A ddress an d Addres s Mas k C-4 NET ADDRESS (decimal) RADIO ADDRESS (decimal) COMBINED 16-BIT A DDRESS (hexadecimal) 15 0 3C00 15 1 3C01 16 0 4000 16 1 4001.
D-1 Appendix D. Advanced Setup Standby Modes The Standard Setup menu selections should fill the majority of user needs. The following inform ation is given in case you need to prog ram a non- standard standby mode. The Standard Setu p menu select ions do not cor respond wit h Advanced Setup menu entries.
Appendix D. Advanc ed Setu p Stan dby Modes D-2 In general, t hese inactivity tim ers should be set so th at the RF400 stays on (receiving or transmitting, not in standby mode) longer than the quiet times during communi cation. You can experiment with this to see how it works.
E-1 Appendix E. RF400 Series Port Pin Descriptions RS-232 Po rt The “RS 232” port is a partial implem entation of RS- 232C. It is configured as Data Communications Equipment (DCE) for direct cable co nnection to Data Terminal Equipm ent (DTE ) such as an IBM-PC serial port.
Append ix E. RF40 0 Series Port Pin Desc riptio ns E-2 CS I/O CONNECT OR, 9-PIN D-SUB M ALE PIN FUNCTION I/O DESCRIPTION 1 5V I Sources 5 VDC t o po w er peripherals 2 GND GND for pin 1 and signals 3 .
F-1 Appendix F. Datalogger RS-232 Port to RF400 Series Radio A conn ection from RF400 RS- 232 port to CR23X or CR5000 RS -232 port requires a 9-pin male to 9-pin male null-modem cable.
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G-1 Appendix G. Short-Haul Modems Set SRM-5A at PC end to “DCE” mode. Set SR M-5A at RF400 end to “ DTE” mode. The PC to SR M-5A cable is typically a 9- pin female t o 25-pin male (CS I Item # 7026). The SRM-5A to RF400 cable is 25-pin m ale to 9-pi n male availa ble as CSI It em # 14413.
Appendix G. Shor t-Haul Modems G-2 With short-h aul modems it is necessary to conf igure the base stati on RF400’ s “RS-232 Auto Pow er Down Enable” (in th e Advanced Setup In terface Parameters menu) to mode "0" w hich will m aintain the radio' s RS-232 port alw ays active.
H- 1 Appendix H. Distance vs. Antenna Gain, Terrain, and Other Factors RF Path Examples Distance Achieved (miles) Antennas P ath Between Ra dios 2 14204 OMNI ½ Wave 0 d Bd* Whi p to 14204 OMNI ½ Wave 0 d Bd Whip Virtual line-of-sight on valley floor with wetland foliage.
Appendix H. Distanc e vs . Antenn a Gain, Ter rain, and Other F actor s H-2 How Far Can You Go? Distance E stimates for Spread Spectrum Radios Overview There is a great deal of interes t in estimating the distance you can expect to achieve with t he RF400 radios.
Appendix H. Distanc e vs . Antenna G ain, Ter rain, an d Other F actors H-3 Pr => sign al po w er at the radio receiver in dBm The signal power at th e receiver (Pr) must exceed the receiv er sensitivity ( − 110 or –10 4 dBm ) by a minimum of 6 dB for an eff ective link.
Appendix H. Distanc e vs . Antenn a Gain, Ter rain, and Other F actor s H-4 Antenna Gain Antenna gain is specified either in dBi (d ecibels of gain relative to an isotropic radiator) or in dBd (decibels of gain relative to a dipole). The relationship is: dBi = dBd + 2.
Appendix H. Distanc e vs . Antenna G ain, Ter rain, an d Other F actors H-5 As mentioned before, free space conditio ns are the ideal, but seldom actually seen. The higher the antenna height relative to the terrain in the line of sight path, the closer to free space conditions.
Appendix H. Distanc e vs . Antenn a Gain, Ter rain, and Other F actor s H-6 Here is a tabl e which gives calculated path loss (Lp) valu es at 900 MHz for the 2 nd , 3 rd , and 4 th pow ers of dis tance; the equations (for 915 MHz) are: Lp ( 2 nd power) = 95.
Appendix H. Distanc e vs . Antenna G ain, Ter rain, an d Other F actors H-7 Use –107 dBm for Pr, solv e for Lp: Lp = 135 dB Use the 3 rd to 4 th power tabl es: Range fro m ~9 (4 th po w er) to ~22 (.
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I- 1 Appendix I. Phone to RF400 Series Where a phone to R F400 Base is desired, the following configurations will provide P oint-to-Point or Point-t o-Multipoint c ommunicati ons. To have a bas e datalogger i n this confi guration requires that another R F400 be added at the base.
Appendix I. Ph one to RF4 00 Series I-2 c. Phone Modem 1) Baud Rat e – 9600 2) Modem Pi ck List – per PC ’s phon e modem 3) Extra R esponse Time – 2000 ms d.
Appendix I. Ph one to RF4 00 Series I-3 PC208W S ETUP a. Network Map COM1 Modem1 Generic1 CR10X _1 CR10X _2 b. COM port - default settin gs c. Phone Modem 1) Baud Rat e – 9600 2) Modem Pi ck List – per PC ’s phon e modem 3) Extra R esponse Time – 2000 ms d.
Appendix I. Ph one to RF4 00 Series I-4 FIGURE I-1. LoggerN et Point- to-Mult ipoint S etup 4. HARDW ARE After conf iguring L oggerNet or PC208W an d the RF 400s you are ready to set up ha rd ware.
J- 1 Appendix J. Monitor CSAT3 via RF400 Series Procedure for ins talling a pai r of RF400 se ries spread spectrum radios for monitoring a CSAT3 sys tem at a distan ce. This function h as tr aditionally been implemented b y running a short haul modem cabl e between CS AT3 and PC.
Appendix J. Moni tor CSAT 3 via RF 400 Ser ies J-2 (5) Select “1” for “Standard Setup” an d configure the following (a) Active Interf ace – leave at default “Auto Sense” (b) Netw ork Add.
Appendix J. Moni tor CSAT 3 via RF 400 Ser ies J-3 (2) Remote station (a) Connect 12 V power su pply to RF400 (can be either 120V A C adapter or 12V F ield Pow er Cabl e) (b) Connect 9 pin mal e to 9 pin male nu ll-modem cabl e from CSAT3 RS- 232 connect or to RF400’s RS-232 connector.
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K-1 Appendix K. RF400/RF410 Pass/Fail Tests This appen dix describes a meth od to function ally test RF 400/RF410 sy stem componen ts including: • PC CO M port • SC12 serial cable • RF400/ RF410.
Appendix K. RF40 0/RF410 Pass/Fai l Tests K-2 (d) Emulation: TT Y (e) ASCII (f) COM1 (or any available COM port) With so me ve rsio ns of H yper Te rminal TM a fter changing a sett ing it is necessary to do a “Call Disconn ect” (or “Disconnect”) followed by a “Call Connect” (or “Call”) for the new settin g to register.
Appendix K. RF40 0/RF410 Pass/Fai l Tests K-3 TESTING RF40 0/RF410s After verifying the functionality of the terminal program and the integrity of the serial cable and COM port, procee d as follows: (1) Connect 12V power to an RF400/RF410.
Appendix K. RF40 0/RF410 Pass/Fai l Tests K-4 (9) Make sure t hat no antennas are att ached to the RF400/R F410s (10) Label t he other RF400/ RF410, “Rem ote” (11) Insert jumper into th e Remote R.
Appendix K. RF40 0/RF410 Pass/Fai l Tests K-5 (b) Choose an open area free of larg e 2 metal objects w ithin 10 feet of the RF400/R F410s (can be i ndoors or out doors).
Appendix K. RF40 0/RF410 Pass/Fai l Tests K-6 FIGURE K-3. 3 d Bd 900 MHz Colline ar Omni Antenna (d) Set u p remote RF400/ RF410 w ith NO antenn a and with antenna connector 20 i nches above f loor. (e) Arrange antenn a distance apart according to following table.
L-1 Appendix L. RF400/RF410 Average Current Drain Calculations For rem ote sites with tight power bu dgets due to s olar or battery power supplies, the following will help determine average current consumption.
Appendix L. RF400/RF41 0 Av erage Cur rent Dr ain Calc ul ati ons L-2 The base RF400/ RF410’s t otal average curren t (It) can be calculated over an interval (T) as follows: It = Is + Ih + Iq + Ir +.
Appendix L. RF400/RF41 0 Av erage Cur rent Dr ain Calc ul ati ons L-3 EXAMP LE #1 (Remote RF 400/RF410 in default stan dby mode) There is a Poin t-to-Poin t system with base RF400/RF 410 and remote RF400/R F410. The remote station senses weather conditions and sends lo w- resolution data to final sto rage.
Appendix L. RF400/RF41 0 Av erage Cur rent Dr ain Calc ul ati ons L-4 EXAMP LE #2 (Base RF400/RF 410 in defa ult stan dby mode) The base RF400/RF410 in th e above exam ple does more receiving and les .
Appendix L. RF400/RF41 0 Av erage Cur rent Dr ain Calc ul ati ons L-5 EXAMP LE #3 (Base RF400/RF 410 in “< 0.4 mA, 8 sec Del ay” standby mode) The RF400/R F410s in th is example are confi gured for the l owest possibl e average standby mode current (Advanced Setup Men u selection 7).
Appendix L. RF400/RF41 0 Av erage Cur rent Dr ain Calc ul ati ons L-6 EXAMP LE #4 (Remote RF 400/RF410 in “<0.4 mA, 8 sec D elay” stan dby mode) The RF400/R F410s in th is example are confi gured for the l owest possibl e average standby mode current (Advanced Setup Men u selection 7).
Appendix L. RF400/RF41 0 Av erage Cur rent Dr ain Calc ul ati ons L-7 EXAMP LE #5 (Base RF400/RF 410 in defau lt “<4 mA , 1 sec Delay” st andby mode) The RF400/RF 410s in th is example are configured f or the default average standby mode current.
Appendix L. RF400/RF41 0 Av erage Cur rent Dr ain Calc ul ati ons L-8 EXAMP LE #6 (Base RF400/RF 410 in “< 0.4 mA, 8 sec Del ay” standby mode) The RF400/R F410s in th is example are confi gured for the l owest possibl e average standby mode current (Advanced Setup Men u selection 7).
Appendix L. RF400/RF41 0 Av erage Cur rent Dr ain Calc ul ati ons L-9 EXAMP LE #7 (Remote RF 400/RF410 in “<0.4 mA, 4 sec Cy cle” standby m ode ) The RF400/R F410s in th is example are confi gured for the l owest possibl e average standby mode current (Advanced Setup Men u selection 7).
Appendix L. RF400/RF41 0 Av erage Cur rent Dr ain Calc ul ati ons L-10 Thi s is a b lank pa ge..
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Campbell Scie ntific Com panies Campbell Scientific, Inc. (CS I) 815 West 1 800 North Logan, Utah 84321 UNITED STATES www.campbellsci.com info@campb ellsci.com Campbell Scientif ic Africa Pty. Lt d. (CSAf) PO B ox 24 50 Somers et West 7129 SOUTH AFRICA www.
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