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WMS 40 WMS 400 WMS 4000 Wireless Microphone Systems Everything you've always wanted to know about AKG WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY..
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As more and more affordable wireless equipment became available, the demand for high quality single and multi- channel wireless systems for sound com- panies, conference centers, public buil- dings, and live sound grew sharply , too.
How it all started … A word to skeptics from the outset: the history of AKG is simply too good to have been just made up! 1945: In a setting reminiscent of “The Third Man”, two men who had occasionally done business with one another before W orld W ar II met up again.
www .akg.com 3 The early products In 1945 the company began supplying technical equipment such as movie projec- tors and loudspeakers to Vienna movie theaters. The PC 2535 G horn-loaded thea- ter loudspeaker with a cardboard dia- phragm, for instance, was manufactured in a living room.
The breakthrough At the beginning of the 1950s, the two ambitious founders of AKG achieved a break- through with completely revolutionary techno- logies. They applied for patents for their moving coil technology and the principle of the mass loaded diaphragm.
and these products rapidly became one of the mainstays of the company . AKG was also quick to introduce digital technology: the company made its debut at the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow with the TDU 7000 time delay unit. The turning point 1984 was a fateful year for AKG.
The case for wireless mics The popularity of wireless systems is gro- wing continuously , and they are no longer found only at open-air events, in theaters, and conference centers.
www .akg.com 7 Signal propagation As in a game of billiards, it is often impossible to reach a goal via a direct path. In the diagram on the left the red ball repre- sents the receiver , the while ball the signal, and the black ball an obstacle between the two.
Wireless transmission technology is based on the physical principles governing the propa- gation of electromagnetic waves. Radio, tele- vision, mobile telephone communications, mi- crowaves, and light are all based on electro- magnetic waves with different wavelengths.
Interference Overlapping (interference) occurs when the bandwidths of adjacent signals are too wide, or the carrier frequencies are too close together . Parts of the signals transmitted lying in this range are no longer clearly recognized by the receiver , resulting in noise or dropouts.
Handheld microphone for lead and backing vocals • Simple plug & play system • T ime-tested AKG D 880 M microphone element • Over 35 hours of battery-powered operation Page 12 M ODULAR S OLUTIONS TO M EET I NDIVIDUAL R EQUIREMENTS THE WMS 40 MODULAR SYSTEM Lead and backing vocals TM 40 10 www .
www .akg.com 11 Presenters Instruments Guitar , bass and keyboards oder Aerobics AKG WMS OVERVIEW The MP 40 micro pen for presenters • Maximum flexibility of use as handheld, clip-on, or pocket mic .
The HT 40 handheld transmitter is an excel- lent choice for both handheld and stand- mounted use. Handheld microphones are also suited for applications where more than one person will talk into the microphone, such as talk shows or interviews with people in the audience.
V olume Matches the output level of the receiver to the input gain of the mixer . (For details refer to page 27) Frequency color code platelet Receivers using the same frequen- cy are marked with the same color code. RF LED Illuminates to indicate that RF signal is being received.
H EAD - WORN M ICS FOR L EAD AND B ACKING V OCALS AKG WMS 40 UHF FOR VOCALS Mini XLR connector A locking 3-pin mini XLR connector pro- vides a reliable connection to a head- worn microphone from AKG.
C 420 L A fully adjustable behind-the-neck steel headband with swiveling temple pieces provides a secure yet gentle fit. The cable is connected at the back of the head so it won't get into the user's way during the performance.
SO 40 SNAPON TRANSMITTER CONVERTS H ARDWIRE M ICS TO W IRELESS AKG WMS 40 UHF FOR VOCALS Color code T ransmitters and receivers tuned to the same carri- er frequency are marked with the same color . Input gain control Matches the transmitter audio input sen- sitivity to the microphone's output level.
V olume Matches the output level of the receiver to the input gain of the mixer . (For details refer to page 27). Frequency color code platelet Receivers using the same frequen- cy are marked with the same color code. RF LED Illuminates to indicate that RF signal is being received.
Sooner or later in the life of every singer , the time comes when you need to buy a rugged stage microphone with that fabulous sound. But that’ s when you find yourself in a dilem- ma: do you need a.
www .akg.com 19 V olume Lets you match the output level to the input sensi- tivity of the mixing desk and the related gain structure (see explanation on page 27). AF LEDs Green indicates optimal input signal strength. The Peak LED will come on when the input level is too high.
Microphone The AKG C 407 omnidirectional microphone has been optimized for speech pickup. A crocodile clip lets you use the microphone remotely from the transmitter .
V olume Sets the volume level of the headphone out- put. (See page 27 for details.) RF LED Illuminates to indicate that RF signal is being received. If the RF signal fails or the squelch comes on, the RF LED will go out. ON/OFF switch with status LED.
M ORE G OODIES FOR P RESENTERS AKG WMS 40 UHF FOR PRESENTER 22 www .akg.com PT 40 Bodypack transmitter with C 444 L head-worn or C 417 L lavalier microphone. HT 40 Handheld transmitter with proven D 880 M microphone element. SO 40 snapon transmitter Microtool for easy conversion of hardwire dynamic microphones.
www .akg.com 23 V olume Matches the output level of the receiver to the input gain of the mixer . (For details refer to page 27). Frequency color code platelet Receivers using the same frequen- cy are marked with the same color code. RF LED Illuminates to indicate that RF signal is being received.
W IRELESS S YSTEMS FOR MAXIMUM M OBILITY AKG WMS 40 UHF FOR SPORTS 24 www .akg.com T raining communications Instructions are often drowned out by ambient noise. The PT 40 Sports System in conjunction with a powered speaker or amp and speaker reduces the strain on the trainer's voice and gets their instructions across clearly .
www .akg.com 25 C 444 L A flexible plastic behind-the-neck arch and large support pads resting gently against the head keep the C 444 L securely in place without pinching.
R ADIO L INKS FOR PORT ABLE I NSTRUMENTS AKG WMS 40 UHF FOR INSTRUMENTS 26 www .akg.com Mini XLR connector A locking 3-pin mini XLR connector pro- vides a reliable connection to a head- worn microphone from AKG.
V olume Matches the output level of the receiver to the input gain of the mixer . (For details see illus- tration below) AF LEDs The green AF LED indicates the input level to the audio section is within the optimum range. If the audio input level is too high, the PEAK LED comes on.
Jack plug Spring-loaded FlexJack™ 1/4" TS jack plug. The plug may be too short for some recessed instrument jacks. In this case, use the supplied extension plug. T HE GB 40 GUIT AR BUG FOR G UIT AR AND B ASS AKG WMS 40 UHF FOR GUIT AR & BASS 28 www .
www .akg.com 29 FlexJack for all electric guitar models The FlexJack connects to guitar jacks on the side (left) or top (right). FlexJack for all electric/acoustic guitar models The FlexJack connects to guitar jacks in the strap button. FlexJack for all electric bass models The FlexJack connects to bass jacks on the side or top.
F REQUENCY M ANAGEMENT , I NTERFERENCE , AND P RACTICAL R EMEDIES HOW MUL TICHANNEL TECHNOLOGY WORKS 30 www .akg.com The electromagnetic wave spectrum The electromagnetic wave spectrum is becoming increasingly crowded by a wide variety of applications.
www .akg.com 31 WMS frequency band with TV transmitter If you are faced with interference caused by a television station, select the carrier frequency of the wireless microphone syst em such that there is a separation of at least 500 kHz from the video carier , and 200 kHz from the audio carrier.
F REQUENCY M ANAGEMENT , I NTERFERENCE , AND P RACTICAL R EMEDIES HOW MUL TICHANNEL TECHNOLOGY WORKS 32 www .akg.com Automatic frequency setup During concerts and other performances, a number of applian- ces emit electromagnetic waves that may disrupt your transmis- sion channels (outside interference).
www .akg.com 33 Shadow loss: Shadow loss means that the signal path from the transmitter to the antenna is interrup- ted by an obstacle. Multipath transmission: A radio signal travels to the receiver not only along the direct path but also along several alternative routes as the signal is reflected off or diffracted around all kinds of structures.
34 www .akg.com T ROUBLESHOOTING H INTS HOW MUL TICHANNEL TECHNOLOGY WORKS T roubleshooting hardwire and wireless microphones 1. Problem: no sound (microphone does not function) Possible cause Power supply Cable/radio link Signal path Hardwire mic Check whether … • phantom power on mixer is on • battery is o.
www .akg.com 35 M ODULAR S OLUTIONS FOR C USTOM R EQIREMENTS THE WMS 400 MODULAR SYSTEM Vocals The requirements of wireless systems vary from one user to another .
36 www .akg.com The SR 400 true diversity receiver is an optimal solution if you need a reasonably-priced, high- performance multichannel system. Based on the technology and experience of the revolutionary WMS 4000 wireless system, the SR 400 offers countless features that make setup and operation easier than ever before.
www .akg.com 37 Range of accessories for complex applications Thanks to its compatibility with the WMS 4000 wireless system, there is a wide range of accessories available for setting up complex multichannel systems.
38 www .akg.com H ANDHELD AND B ODYPACK T RANSMITTERS FOR EVER Y CONCEIVABLE A PPLICA TION AKG WMS 400 TRANSMITTERS The HT 400 handheld and the PT 400 body- pack are high-performance, compact wireless transmitters that can be used for every con- ceivable application.
www .akg.com 39 Microphones for PT 400 C 411 L C 416 L C 417 L C 419 L C 420 L C 444 L CK 77 WR L CK 77 WR L/P CK 97-C/L D 409 L MK GL CK 55 L LM 3 L C 477 WR L For hints on how to use MicroMic Series products refer to pages 80 and 81.
T HE U SER FRIENDL Y Q UICK C HARGER THE AKG WMS 400 SERIES CHARGER 40 www .akg.com Any wireless microphone system depends on sufficiently charged batteries in all the trans- mitters. There is nothing more embarrassing than a transmitter running out of juice in the middle of the show , or a voice fading as the transmitter battery dies.
www .akg.com 41 SRA 1 – Passive wideband dirctional antenna • For indoor and outdoor use, specifically for setting up long-range radio links • For use with short antenna cables up to 5 m (16 ft).
H OW TO DEAL WITH I NTERMODULA TION AND KEEP YOUR F REQUENCIES STRAIGHT SETTING UP MUL TICHANNEL SYSTEMS 42 www .akg.com Ideal and real gain curves of ideal and real amplifiers High audio input levels may overload the amplifier , so the peaks of the amplified signal are clipped as a result of saturation.
www .akg.com 43 Microphone A carrier frequency Spectrum analyzer trace Intermodulation of carrier frequencies A and B The trace clearly shows that third-order intermodulation products are only 38 dB lower in level than the carrier frequencies.
H OW TO DEAL WITH I NTERMODULA TION AND KEEP YOUR F REQUENCIES STRAIGHT SETTING UP MUL TICHANNEL SYSTEMS 44 www .akg.com Calculation of intermodulation products f IM = | m 1 f 1 + m 2 f 2 + m 3 f 3 + m 4 f 4 + … | m v = 0, ±1, ±2, ±3, ±4, … The order of IM products depends on the non-linearity of the transfer characteristic.
www .akg.com 45 Theater Frequencies Stage A Stage B A T 1 preset frequencies A T 1 preset frequencies increased by 150 kHz (0.15 MHz) Band I Band III Band V Band I + 0,15 Band III + 0,15 Band V + 0,15 1 650.850 720.700 790.900 651 720.85 791.05 2 651.
M ODULAR S OLUTIONS FOR P ROFESSIONAL R EQUIREMENTS SETTING UP MUL TICHANNEL SYSTEMS 46 www .akg.com Frequency bands Each of the six bands contains legal frequencies and pre- sets for reliable, intermodulation-free operation. Special frequency versions within each band are available on request.
www .akg.com 47 S ELECTING , PLACING AND USING ANTENNAS HOW TO USE ANTENNAS Signal loss caused by the audience The human body reflects and weakens radio signals. One problem that has plagued cellular telephone systems is the absorption of microwaves by human body tissues.
48 www .akg.com Cable attenuation setting vs. cable length in complex systems The CLA cable attenuation setting on the booster(s) and antenna splitter(s) depends on the frequency band, antenna type, cable type, cable length, and the position of the cable within the antenna line.
www .akg.com 49 Stadium (theater , opera house) example 1: Active directional antennas set up next to the receivers at the FOH mixing position. Benefits: • Consistent coverage of entire stage (no fa.
M ODULAR S OLUTIONS FOR P ROFESSIONAL R EQUIREMENTS THE WMS 4000 MODULAR SYSTEM 50 www .akg.com Speech V ocals Guitar/Bass Instruments Installed sound Live sound TV studio Theater Worship center The WMS 4000 is probably the most inno- vative professional wireless system available today .
www .akg.com 51 HT 4000 • Wideband UHF handheld transmitter with interchange- able microphone elements and metal die-cast body • Preprogrammed factory presets • Up to 24 intermodulation-free fre.
The WMS 4000 handheld and bodypack transmitters are two truly universal products that will meet the toughest requirements. Both the HT 4000 and PT 4000 have a 30 MHz wide UHF band and up to 1200 sel- ectable frequencies, with an RF output of up to 50 mW that ensures maximum transmissi- on security even in difficult environments.
www .akg.com 53 “Silent Mode” setting WMS 4000 transmitters feature a “silent mode” that allows you to set all system parameters, e.g., fre- quency , gain etc., without “going on air”. This allows you to set up a replacement transmitter behind the scenes without disrupting the perfor- mance.
The SR 4000 T rue Diversity Receiver offers maximum convenience with state-of-the-art technology and the widest range of functions in its class. Naturally , the SR 4000 is optimally equip- ped for the setup of large multichannel systems, so that connecting antenna split- ters, power supply units, computer networks, etc.
www .akg.com 55 Logic Out and Output Level Selector The Logic Out supplies the following information: first, a sig- nal indicating the mute status of the audio output, and second, the condition of the transmitter batteries. A unit with Logic In can be programmed to have a signal light illu- minating when the transmitter battery is low .
56 www .akg.com AKG WMS CU 4000 The CU 4000 Charging Unit revolutionizes bat- tery management for wireless systems. The heart of the charging system is the BP 4000 Battery Pack with built-in active monitoring. An integrated microprocessor continuously moni- tors battery status and accurately calculates the remaining battery life.
www .akg.com 57 BP 4000 Intelligent quick-replacement battery pack Internal RAM Records charging/discharging processes and provides a database for optimizing charging parameters (Charge Balance Management). Data interface to transmitter electronics Sends battery status information to the transmitter for accurate capacity readout.
58 www .akg.com One or several PS 4000 antenna splitters can be used to set up complex systems with long antenna cables, distributed antenna networks for room sharing applications, or to feed the signal from a single antenna pair to several receivers.
www .akg.com 59 Selecting antenna cables Antenna cables are needed for feeding the signal of a remote anten- na to the receiver . However , all antenna cables attenuate the anten- na signal (cable attenuation). Since different types of cables have different attenuation values, each type will perform best at a dif- ferent length.
60 www .akg.com A NTENNAS T AILORED TO EVERY S ITUA TION AKG WMS 4000 ANTENNAS/ACCESSORIES Selecting and placing antennas The antenna is the “ear” of the radio system, which is why anten- nas must be selected and placed carefully .
www .akg.com 61 SRA 1 – Passive wideband directional antenna • For indoor and outdoor use, in particular for setting up long-range radio links • For use with short antenna cables up to 5 m (16 f.
62 www .akg.com The HUB 4000 is the intelligent hardware interface between a WMS 4000 wireless system and one (or several) PCs. No more need for cumbersome cabling; the HUB 4000 concentrates the data flow of up to eight recei- vers and connects easily to any PC with an Ethernet interface.
www .akg.com 63 The MCS 4000 Mission Control Software allo- ws you to display the entire setup of a WMS system on screen and to edit all settings sim- ply by mouse click. All relevant data, such as RF level, audio level, diversity activity , battery status of the transmitters, Mute/Off etc.
64 www .akg.com The PSU 4000 is a central power supply unit for all components of the WMS 4000 system. A stable, interference-free voltage (15 V/2 A or 15 V/2.5 A respectively) at three outputs ensures a stable network. V aluable power strip outlets are thus kept free, and hum from poorly grounded power cables can be minimized.
www .akg.com 65 Integrating an HP A headphone amplifier into the WMS 4000 system makes life a lot easier for the FOH engineer . During the performance, the audio output signals of each receiver can be monitored directly , without having to bother with an extra mixer .
66 www .akg.com Wireless systems are becoming increasingly popular for conference centers and seminar hotels. Unlike open-air events and large-scale performance facilities, the main focus here is not on coverage or the optimal utilization of as many channels as possible, but maximum fle- xibility .
Room 1 Room 4 Antenna booster CU 4000 PSU 4000 8 x SR 4000 2 x PS 4000 Antenna booster ZAPD 21 Antenna booster ZAPD 21 ZAPD 21 Antenna booster ZAPD 21 ZAPD 21 ZAPD 21 Room 2 Room 3 2 x RA 4000 B 2 x RA 4000 B 2 x RA 4000 B 2 x RA 4000 B Power cable Antenna cable A Antenna cable B www .
68 www .akg.com Fitting all components into flight cases as well as the shortest possible setup time are essential for festivals with several acts performing in succession.
www .akg.com 69 AKG WMS PRACTICAL EXAMPLES.
70 www .akg.com Although most venues are equipped with fixed wireless installations, special perfor- mances frequently require specific mobile systems.
www .akg.com 71 WMS 4000 mobile rack Front view of the rack. The receivers and antenna splitters are clearly visible. Hard to believe that all these components are powered by just two power supply units (see the three blue LEDs). WMS 4000 Wiring Even large systems do not have to drown in cable clutter .
E XAMPLE : 16-C HANNEL S YSTEM FOR M OBILE U SE WMS 4000 16-CHANNEL SETUP 72 www .akg.com AKG WMS PRACTICAL EXAMPLES.
www .akg.com 73 AKG WMS PRACTICAL EXAMPLES.
74 www .akg.com As regards planning, technology , and monito- ring, wireless installations in opera houses pose a particular challenge. Unfailingly high sound quality and "invisible" installation of the com- ponents are basic requirements for offering the audience a unique auditory experience.
2 x RA 4000 B Dressing room Stage Sound Cabin 70 m Safety curtain ZAPD 21 SRA 2B SRA 2B ZAPD 21 Antenna cable www .akg.com 75 AKG WMS PRACTICAL EXAMPLES.
E XAMPLE : 46-C HANNEL S YSTEM FOR AN O PERA H OUSE WMS 4000 46-CHANNEL SETUP Antenna cable B Antenna cable A ZAPD 21 PS 4000 PS 4000 PS 4000 4 x SR 4000 4 x SR 4000 4 x SR 4000 4 x SR 4000 4 x SR 4000 2 x SR 4000 PS 4000 PS 4000 PS 4000 22 channels 76 www .
PS 4000 PS 4000 PS 4000 ZAPD 21 4 x SR 4000 4 x SR 4000 4 x SR 4000 4 x SR 4000 4 x SR 4000 4 x SR 4000 PS 4000 PS 4000 PS 4000 24 channels www .akg.com 77 AKG WMS PRACTICAL EXAMPLES.
78 www .akg.com “The devil is in the details” is a saying that is very often true of wireless systems. Even if multichannel setups are no problem for the WMS 4000 thanks to frequency programs, Auto Setup etc., situations will arise where the greatest problem is not the number of channels but the correct design of a system with just one channel.
0,5 – 1 m www .akg.com 79 AKG WMS PRACTICAL EXAMPLES.
80 www .akg.com Guitar: Y ou may need to try around for the best spot to attach the C 411 L to your guitar. Attaching the microphone on or near the bridge will usually give an excellent sound. (top left) Violin and viola: Attach the C 411 L on or near the bridge and try out several positions.
www .akg.com 81 Saxophone: Clip the C 419 L or D 409 on to the bell of the saxophone, align it with the edge and listen to the sound to identify the best position. For subtone playing, turn the microphone toward the center of the bell (marked wind noise!).
82 www .akg.com R ECOMMENDED AKG WIRELESS SYSTEMS FOR SELECTED APPLICA TIONS APPLICA TION GUIDE AKG WMS OVERVIEW A V/sound company PT 40/TM 40 HT 400, C 900/D 880, HT 4000, D 3800/C 900, PT 400/C 444 .
www .akg.com 83 AKG W IRELESS S YSTEMS A T A G LANCE AKG WMS OVERVIEW AKG WMS OVERVIEW Diversity Backlit display Diversity indicators RF/audio level LED RF/audio bargraphs w/peak hold Mute LED Peak LE.
84 www .akg.com A LL THE SPECS A T A GLANCE SPECIFICA TIONS AKG WMS OVERVIEW Carrier frequency band: Modulation: Audio bandwidth: THD (1 kHz/rated deviation): S/N (A-weighted): Power requirement: Audio outputs: Battery life: RF output: Size: Weight: Standard accessories: Optional accessories: 710-865 MHz FM 40-20.
www .akg.com 85 A LL THE SPECS A T A GLANCE SPECIFICA TIONS AKG WMS OVERVIEW Wireless microphones and microphone elements C 535 WL 1 Frequency range: 20-20,000 Hz Polar pattern: Cardioid Sensitivity: 7 mV/Pa (-43 dBV) Electrical impedance: < _ 200 ohms Ω Signal/noise ratio (A-weighted): 75 dB Max.
86 www .akg.com D EFINITIONS FROM A TO Z GLOSSAR Y Antenna Cable Cable specifically designed for RF signals. Used for connecting a remote antenna to a receiver .
www .akg.com 87 D EFINITIONS FROM A TO Z GLOSSAR Y Crosstalk The undesired coupling of signals from one channel to another channel. dB SPL Decibel Sound Pressure Level. A measure of the sound level referenced to 20 µPa (the sound pressure corresponding to the threshold of human hearing).
88 www .akg.com D EFINITIONS FROM A TO Z GLOSSAR Y Feedback When a microphone picks up amplified sound from a loudspeaker this signal will be reamplified, picked up again, etc., until the commonly known shrill howling (some- times a lower midrange rumbling) sets in.
www .akg.com 89 D EFINITIONS FROM A TO Z GLOSSAR Y cates its sensitivity to sounds arriving from different directions. Omnidirectional micro- phones “hear” equally well in all directions while all others prefer sound from one (unidirectional) or two (bidirectional) direc- tions.
90 www .akg.com D EFINITIONS FROM A TO Z GLOSSAR Y This effect, known as “proximity effect”, begins to become audible at a few hundred Hz and at extremely close working distances, the output level may be up to 15 dB higher at 50 Hz than at 1 kHz. This corresponds to about 6 times the normal output voltage.
www .akg.com 91 S ELECTED KEYWORDS INDEX Te r m Page Angle of sound incidence 13 Antenna placement 6f, 47, 60, 78 Automatic frequency search 32 Automatic frequency setup 32, 50, 54f, 62f, 68, 78 Bandw.
N OTES APPENDIX 92 www .akg.com AKG WMS NO TES.
www .akg.com 93 AKG WMS NO TES N OTES APPENDIX.
N OTES APPENDIX 94 www .akg.com AKG WMS NO TES.
www .akg.com 95 AKG WMS NO TES N OTES APPENDIX.
N OTES APPENDIX 96 www .akg.com AKG WMS NO TES.
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www .akg.com Microphones · Headphones · Wireless Microphones · Wireless Headphones · Headsets · Electroacoustical Components Specifications subject to change without notice. Printed in Austria. 03/04/PROA 1487 AKG Acoustics GmbH Lemböckgasse 21–25, P .
Een belangrijk punt na aankoop van elk apparaat AKG WMS 40 (of zelfs voordat je het koopt) is om de handleiding te lezen. Dit moeten wij doen vanwege een paar simpele redenen:
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Maar de belangrijkste taak van de handleiding is om de gebruiker bij het oplossen van problemen te helpen met AKG WMS 40 . Bijna altijd, zal je daar het vinden Troubleshooting met de meest voorkomende storingen en defecten #MANUAl# samen met de instructies over hun opplosinge. Zelfs als je zelf niet kan om het probleem op te lossen, zal de instructie je de weg wijzen naar verdere andere procedure, bijv. door contact met de klantenservice of het dichtstbijzijnde servicecentrum.
