Gebruiksaanwijzing /service van het product 31244 PCI-X van de fabrikant Intel
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Intel ® 3124 4 P C I-X t o Ser ial A T A Controller Desig n Guide April 2 004 Order Number : 273651- 003.
2 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller INFORMA TION IN THIS DOCUME NT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTELR PRODUCTS. EXCEPT AS PR OVIDED IN INTEL ’S TE RMS AND CONDITIO.
Design Gui de 3 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Contents Content s 1 About T his Documen t ................. .. ..... .. ..... ..... ....... .. ..... ..... .. ..... ....... .. ..... ..... .. ....... ..... .. ..... ..... .. ... .... .
4 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Contents 7.3 PCI G eneral Lay out Guidelines ................................ ....... ......... .......... ....... ......... .......... ...... 49 7.4 PCI-X Layout G uidel ines For Sl ot Conf igura tions.
Design Gui de 5 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Contents Figur es 1I n t e l ® 31244 PCI-X to Serial ATA Controller Block Di agram ......... .. ............... ..................... .. ..... 14 2 Quad Serial ATA Host Bus Adapter . .
6 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Contents Ta bl es 1 Referen c e Docum ents .... ... .. .. ... .... ... .. .. ... ..... .. .. ..... .. ... .. ... .... ... .. .. ... .... ... .. ... .. ..... .. .. ..... .. ... .. ... .
Design Gui de 7 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Contents Revision Histo ry Date Revision # Description Ap ril 200 4 003 Re mov ed Se ct ion 5. 4.5 , “ Sprea d Spec tru m C lo ckin g” on page 35 . Removed SS C pin in T able 2, “ T erm in olog y an d D efi niti on ” on page 9 .
8 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Contents This p age intentiona lly lef t blank ..
Design Gui de 9 About This Document 1 1.1 Reference Docume nt ation For the lat est revisi on and document at ion number , c on tac t you r Intel repre s entative .
10 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller About This Do cumen t PCB Pri nt ed ci rcu it bo ard. Exam ple ma nu fa ctur ing pr ocess con sist s of the f oll owi ng ste p s: • Co nsi st s of al ter nat in g l ay ers o f core an d pr epre g st acked • The fini shed PCB is hea ted a nd cur ed.
Design Gui de 11 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Ab ou t Thi s Doc um e nt RxDa ta S eri ally e nc oded 1 0b dat a att ach ed to t he hi gh -s pe ed s eri al di ffere nt ial line re ce iv er. 10b e nc odin g T he 8B /10 B enco di n g sch em e trans mi ts ei ght bit s as a 10-b it co de gr oup.
12 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller About This Do cumen t This p age lef t intent ionally b lank..
Design Gui de 13 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Overview Overv iew 2 This docu ment provide s layout infor mati on and gui delines for des ign ing plat form or add-in board appli cati ons with th e Intel ® 31244 PCI-X to s er ial A T A cont roller (GD312 44).
14 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Overvie w Feat ure Highli ghts: • Fou r SA T A Channels at 1.5 Gbits/s • Ser ial A T A: High speed Se ri ali zed A T Attach ment Spec ifi catio n, Revisi on 1.0e Com p li ant • 6 4- bit /13 3 MHz PCI - X Bus .
Design Gui de 15 2.2 Appli cations The GD31244 may be u sed to build a S erial A T A Host Bu s Adapte r which conne cts t o the P CI-X bus. Co ntro l f or e xte rnal activ ity LEDs, a 37. 5 MHz Crysta l, a vol tage regula tor a nd s om e ex ter nal resi st or s a nd cap aci tors ar e n e eded .
16 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Overvie w This p age lef t intent ionally b lank..
Design Gui de 17 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Seri al A T A Co ntroller Packag e Intel ® 31244 PCI-X to Seri al A T A Cont roll er Pa ck age 3 The GD31244 sig nals, are loc ated on a 256-pin Plas tic Ba ll G r id A rra y (PB GA) p acka ge to s implify sign al routin g and s ys te m implement ation.
18 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Co ntro ller Packag e 3. 1 Sig na l Pi n Descr ipti ons The sig nal pin des c ription s for the GD31244 are provi ded as a reference. A comple te list is also ava ilabl e in the Intel ® 31244 PCI-X t o Serial A T A Contr oller Data s heet .
Design Gui de 19 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Seri al A T A Co ntroller Packag e T a ble 4. P CI-X Bus Pin Descriptions (Sheet 1 of 2) Name Description CAP2, CAP3 A nalog: An e xter nal 0.
20 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Co ntro ller Packag e P_REQ 64# BIDIRECTIONAL - L VTTL: Ind icate s th e atte mpt of a 64 -bit tr an sact ion o n the P CI b us.
Design Gui de 21 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Seri al A T A Co ntroller Packag e 3.1 .1 V A0 , V A1 ( V CC PLL ) Pin Re quire ment s T o reduc e cloc k skew , the V A0 and V A1 balls for the Phase Lock Lo op (PLL ) circuit are each isol at ed o n the p ackag e.
22 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Co ntro ller Packag e This p age lef t intent ionally b lank. 3.2 Package/Marki ng Information The pack age i s marked wit h thre e lines of te xt as shown in Figure 4 .
Design Gui de 23 3.3 Ball Map By F unction Figure 5 shows the 544 BGA pins ma ppe d by p in func tion. This dia gram is hel pful in p la cing comp onen ts around the GD3124 4 fo r the l ayout of a PCB. T o simpl ify routin g and minimiz e th e numbe r of c ross t races, k eep t his layout in min d when placing compon ents on your bo ard.
24 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Co ntro ller Packag e This p age lef t intent ionally b lank.
Design Gui de 25 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Ro u t in g G u id e l in e s Routing Guidel ines 4 This cha pter provi des rout ing guide lines for lay out and design of a print ed circuit boa rd using the GD31244.
26 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Routi ng Guidel ines 4.2 Cro sstal k Cros stal k is caus ed by c apac itive and induct ive c oupl ing between s ign als. Cr os stalk i s compose d of both bac kward a nd for ward cros stalk co mponents .
Design Gui de 27 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Ro u t in g G u id e l in e s 4.3 EMI Considerations It i s hi ghly re commended that good EMI d esig n practi ces be follo wed when designi ng wit h the Intel ® 31244 PCI-X to seria l A T A control ler.
28 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Routi ng Guidel ines 4. 4 Power Dis t ri but io n and Deco upling Have ample de couplin g to ground , for the power pl ane s, to minimi ze the effe c ts of the switc hi ng curre nts.
Design Gui de 29 4.5 T race Impedance All s igna l lay ers requ ire cont rolled impedan ce of 50 Ω +/- 15%, m icrostri p or s tripl ine wh ere appropr iate, unle ss otherwi se specifi ed. Sele ct in g the ap propri ate board st ack-up to mini mi ze impe dance va riati ons is very importan t.
30 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Routi ng Guidel ines For a sym metric trac e Z1 1 = Z22, the dif fer ential imped ance may be c alcu lated fr om th is equa tion: Z differe ntia l = 2( Z 1 1-Z12) For t wo trac es to be symmetric, the y must have the same width, t hickness and he ight above the ground pl ane.
Design Gui de 31 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Inte l ® 31244 PCI-X to Serial A T A Con troller Interface Ports Intel ® 31244 PCI-X to Seri al A T A Control ler Inte rf ac e Por ts 5 5.
32 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Co ntroller I nterface Ports 5.3 PCI-X Interfac e The 64 -bit , 133 MHz P CI - X inter fac e is full y compli ant wi th t he PC I Local Bus Spe cifi cation, Revi sion 2.
Design Gui de 33 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Inte l ® 31244 PCI-X to Serial A T A Con troller Interface Ports 5.4 Serial A T A Interface Four 1.5 G bits/ s Serial A T A ports are located on the GD31244, t o su pport point -to-point conne ctivi ty to di sk drives, CDROMs , DVD ROMs or any other Ser ial A T A tar get de vic e.
34 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Co ntroller I nterface Ports 5. 4.3 L ED In te r fac e Se rial A T A int erfac es o n dis k driv es d o n ot inc lude the t rad itiona l A T A output, wh ich dr ives a n LE D to indic ate th at th e drive is ac tiv e.
Design Gui de 35 5. 4.4 Refer en ce C lock Ge ne rati on A 37.5 MHz reference c loc k with a +/- 100 ppm accura cy is required for prope r operati on of the GD31244. T his is generat ed from an ex ternal oscil lator c onne cted direct ly to the XI inpu t.
36 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Co ntroller I nterface Ports This p age lef t intent ionally b lank.
Design Gui de 37 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Methodology Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Methodology 6 This se ct ion provide s a recomme nded guidelin es for PCB stackup. A c ons iderabl e pa rt of the SI anal ysis, is to id entify a nd rec ommend the back pla ne stacku p reco mmendations .
38 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Prin ted Cir cui t Bo ard (P CB) Me th odolo gy 6.1 I ntel ® 312 44 P CI- X to Serial A T A C ontroller Nor mal Mode ( st and ard SA T A driver ) Thi s secti on provi des recommendatio ns fo r the GD31244 ru nning i n the standa rd SA T A mode .
Design Gui de 39 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Methodology 6.1 .1 I ntel ® 31244 PCI-X to Serial A T A Co ntroller HBA St ackup The below st ackup in Figure 12 , shows the la yer topology tha t is used in th e HBA custom er referenc e boa rd.
40 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Prin ted Cir cui t Bo ard (P CB) Me th odolo gy • Ji tte r tolera nc e (TJ) m u st be >= 0.7 UI vs 0.62 UI of spec (@RCV pin) • Sl owes t e dge rate as sume d • Used only for GD3124 4 reads • Rea d eye was guardba nded by 10 mV to allow for crosst alk 6.
Design Gui de 41 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Methodology Figure 14. Read Ba ckplane T opology B0605-01 BP BP Package Model Intel ® 31224 MB MB SD SD a. Read Backplane Topology HDD SD SD HDD Package Model 31224 MB BP MB BP Cable b.
42 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Prin ted Cir cui t Bo ard (P CB) Me th odolo gy 6.2. 2 Moth erb oa rd St ackup f o r B ackpl an e De sig ns The moth erboard is s u.
Design Gui de 43 Figure 15. M icrostrip Stackup B0424-01 + - + - 1.4 mil 1.4 mil 0.8 mil Mask Er = 3.65 5 mil 10 mil Er = 4.15 55 mil 4 mil.
44 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Prin ted Cir cui t Bo ard (P CB) Me th odolo gy 6.2. 3 Backp lan e Stri pline St ackup Fi gure 16 provides an example stack up tha t may b e us ed to implemen t the bac kplane de sign.
Design Gui de 45 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Methodology 6. 2.4 Cable Inte rc onn ect W ith B ackp la ne Figure 14 provide s the topology which use s a cabl e as an inter conn ect betw ee n the moth erboard and bac kpla ne.
46 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Prin ted Cir cui t Bo ard (P CB) Me th odolo gy This p age lef t intent ionally b lank.
Design Gui de 47 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller PC I -X Lay out Gu id el in es PCI-X Layout Gui delines 7 This se ct ion provide s guide li nes for desi gnin g with th e Intel ® 31244 P CI-X to serial A T A contr olle r P CI/PCI -X (PCI /X) bus i nterf ace in y our app lic ation .
48 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller PCI-X L ayout G uide lines 7. 2 PCI/ X Clocki ng Modes The I nt el ® 31244 PCI-X t o seri al A T A contro ller c lockin g modes for PC I-X and PCI bus are shown in Ta b l e 1 9 .
Design Gui de 49 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller PC I -X Lay out Gu id el in es 7.3 PCI General L ayout Gu idelines For acce ptabl e signa l integ rit y with bus sp eeds up to 133 MHz it i s importan t to PCB desi gn la yout have c ontro lled im pedance.
50 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller PCI-X L ayout G uide lines 7. 4 PCI-X Layo ut Guide lin es Fo r Slot Conf igurat ions The PCI-X Addendum to th e PCI Local Bus Speci fi cation , Revisio n 1.0a reco m mends the f ollowing guidelin es f or the num ber o f loa ds for your P CI-X de signs.
Design Gui de 51 7.4.2 PCI Cl ock L ay out Gu idelin es The PCI-X Adden dum to the PCI Local Bus Spe cificat ion , Revi s ion 1.0a, al lows a maximum of 0.
52 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller PCI-X L ayout G uide lines 7.4. 3 Con n ect in g I nt el ® 31 24 4 PCI- X to Seria l A T A Contro ller to S ingle -Slo t Fi gure 1.
Design Gui de 53 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller PC I -X Lay out Gu id el in es 7.4 .4 Emb edde d Int el ® 312 44 P CI- X to Ser ial A T A Co n trol ler Sing le PCI-X Load Figure 18 shows GD31244 as the PCI- X agent in a s ta ndalone embedde d applicat ion (with no PCI-X slo t).
54 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller PCI-X L ayout G uide lines 7. 4.5 Embe dded I ntel ® 312 44 PC I-X to Serial A T A Cont rolle r Design With Mul tiple PC I-X L oad.
Design Gui de 55 Cables and Connectors 8 8.1 Cabling A Serial A T A devic e is connec te d to a hos t thr ough a direc t connecti on or through a cable . For direc t c onnect ion, the dev ic e plug con nec tor , shown as (a) and (b) in Figur e 21 , is i ns ert ed d ir ec tly into a hos t receptacl e connecto r, illus tra ted as (g) in Figure 22 .
56 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Cables and Connecto rs For conne ction throu gh a cabl e, the device s ignal pl ug co nnecto r , s hown as (a) in Figure 21 , m ates with th e signal ca ble recept ac le connector on one e nd of the c abl e, illus trated as (c) in Figur e 21 .
Design Gui de 57 The signa l cable recep tacle conn ector on the othe r end of the cable is ins erted into a host s ignal plug connec tor , sho wn as (f) in F igure 22 . The sig nal c able wire cons ists of two twi nax s ect ions in a common out er s heath .
58 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Cables and Connecto rs 8. 1.1 S eria l A T A Cab le The Seria l A T A c able cons ists of four conduc tors in tw o dif fer ent ial pairs .
Design Gui de 59 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller V oltag e Pow er Del ivery V oltage Power Del ivery 9 The re ar e two diffe ren t v olt age s n eed ed on th e Int e l ® 31244 P CI-X t o serial A T A controlle r. These are V CC of +2.
60 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller V oltage Pow er Del ivery This p age lef t intent ionally b lank..
Design Gui de 61 T est Methodology 10 The signa ling req uire ments of the SA T A speci ficat ion are measur ed for s igna l quali ty , Ta b l e 2 6 deta ils th e val ues from the SAT A S pecif icati on , revis i on 1.0, 29 August 200, startin g on page 76.
62 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Test Me th odolo gy The SA T A sp ecifi catio n def in es Fi gure 24 using va lues from Ta b l e 2 6 for the lega l signali ng levels and ji tt er .
Design Gui de 63 10.1 Extended V olt age Mo de Figure 25 , Fi gure 26 , Ta b l e 2 8 and Ta b l e 2 9 desc ribe the exte nded vo ltage m ode eye diagr ams for th e mo difi ed re ce iv e r and d r iver .
64 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Test Me th odolo gy 10.1.2 Exte nd ed V ol t age M ode Dri ver M odel The extende d volt age mode eye diagram f or t he new s low dr iver i s shown in F igure 26 wit h the SA T A driver mode sup erimpose d.
Design Gui de 65 T e rminations: Pull-down/Pull-ups 11 This chap ter provi de s the req uire ment s for pul l-d own a nd pul l-u p ter mina tions for t he Inte l ® 312 44 PCI-X to serial A T A controll er. The PCI-X int erf ace pull- down/ pull-up recommendati on depend s on the appl icat ion .
66 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller T ermin atio ns: Pu ll- down/P ull- u ps TE ST0 C onne ct to G ND T OUT NC 32B ITP CI# 1 K pul l-u p f or 64 bit C ont r ols s tat us bi t 1 6, i n the PCI- X S tatu s Re gi st er. When pull ed d own , r epo r t s a 0 , fo r a 32- bit b us .
Design Gui de 67 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Inte l ® IQ31244 PCI-X to Serial A T A Con troller Evalua tion Platform Board Intel ® IQ31244 PCI-X to Seri al A T A Controller Eva.
68 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller In te l ® IQ31244 PCI-X to Serial A T A Co ntroller Evaluation P latform Board 12.
Design Gui de 69 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Debu g Connecto rs and Logic Analyzer Connec tivity Debug Connectors an d Logic Analyzer Connectivity 13 13.
70 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Debug Con nectors and L ogic Analy zer Connectiv ity 34 2 PER R 36 1 LOC K 38 0 STO P T able 32.
Design Gui de 71 T a ble 33. Lo gic Analyz er Pod 3 Mict or- 38 # 2 Pi n N umb er Odd P od Logi c Anal yz er Chan nel N u mber PC I -X Si gna l Name 6 CLK/16 IRDY 81 5 A D 1 5 10 14 A D14 12 13 A D13 .
72 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Debug Con nectors and L ogic Analy zer Connectiv ity T able 34. Logic An alyzer Po d 4 Mic tor- 38 # 2 Pin Numbe r Odd Pod Log ic A.
Design Gui de 73 The recom mende d placeme nt of the mictor conne ct ors is at eithe r end of the bus segm ent. The mictors are plac ed at the end of , a s short a stu b as possibl e, dais y chained of f eithe r end of the bus . When there is not eno ugh room to place the mic tors 0.
74 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller Debug Con nectors and L ogic Analy zer Connectiv ity This p age lef t intent ionally b lank.
Design Gui de 75 Design for Manufacturing 14 The Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X t o Seria l A T A Cont roller i s of fered in a 25 6-pin p lastic BGA. The cons truc tion of this pac kage is s hown in Figure 3 . PBGA packa ging is expl ai ned exte n sive ly in the Intel ® Packagi ng Databo ok (Order Nu mber 240800 ).
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Design Gui de 77 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller The rmal Sol ution s Thermal Solutions 15 GD31244 is packa ged in a 17 mm, 25 6-pi n Plastic Ball Gri d Array (P BGA) in an indu stry-sta ndard footpri nt. T he pac kage inc ludes a four layer substra te with power a nd grou nd pla nes.
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Design Gui de 79 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Referenc es Refe rences 16 16.1 Related Do cument s The fo llo wing boo ks and speci f ic ations m ay b e helpfu l for designi ng with th e Intel ® 31 244 P CI-X to seria l A T A control le r .
80 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller References 16.2 Electronic I nformation T ab le 41. Electro ni c Inform ation The Inte l W o rld-W ide Web (W WW) Loc ation : h ttp ://www.
Design Gui de 81 Inte l ® 3124 4 PCI-X to Serial A T A Controller Inte l ® IQ3124 4 Contro ller Eval uation Platfor m Board Bill of Materials Intel ® IQ3 1244 C ontroller Ev alua tion Platform Boar.
82 Desig n Guide In te l ® 31244 P CI-X to Serial A T A Contro ller In te l ® IQ31244 Con trolle r Evaluatio n Plat form Boar d Bill of Materials This p age lef t intent ionally b lank.
Een belangrijk punt na aankoop van elk apparaat Intel 31244 PCI-X (of zelfs voordat je het koopt) is om de handleiding te lezen. Dit moeten wij doen vanwege een paar simpele redenen:
Als u nog geen Intel 31244 PCI-X heb gekocht dan nu is een goed moment om kennis te maken met de basisgegevens van het product. Eerst kijk dan naar de eerste pagina\'s van de handleiding, die je hierboven vindt. Je moet daar de belangrijkste technische gegevens Intel 31244 PCI-X vinden. Op dit manier kan je controleren of het apparaat aan jouw behoeften voldoet. Op de volgende pagina's van de handleiding Intel 31244 PCI-X leer je over alle kenmerken van het product en krijg je informatie over de werking. De informatie die je over Intel 31244 PCI-X krijgt, zal je zeker helpen om een besluit over de aankoop te nemen.
In een situatie waarin je al een beziter van Intel 31244 PCI-X bent, maar toch heb je de instructies niet gelezen, moet je het doen voor de hierboven beschreven redenen. Je zult dan weten of je goed de alle beschikbare functies heb gebruikt, en of je fouten heb gemaakt die het leven van de Intel 31244 PCI-X kunnen verkorten.
Maar de belangrijkste taak van de handleiding is om de gebruiker bij het oplossen van problemen te helpen met Intel 31244 PCI-X . Bijna altijd, zal je daar het vinden Troubleshooting met de meest voorkomende storingen en defecten #MANUAl# samen met de instructies over hun opplosinge. Zelfs als je zelf niet kan om het probleem op te lossen, zal de instructie je de weg wijzen naar verdere andere procedure, bijv. door contact met de klantenservice of het dichtstbijzijnde servicecentrum.
