Gebruiksaanwijzing /service van het product 4541 van de fabrikant Netopia
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Net opia ™ 4541 and 4542 ADSL R outers User’s Refer ence Guide.
Cop yright ©2001 Netopia, Inc., v .080102 All rights reser ved. Printed in the U.S.A. This manual and any associated ar twork, software, and product designs are copyrighted with all rights reser ved. Under the copyright laws such materials may not be copied, in whole or par t, without the prior written consent of Netopia, Inc.
Contents 1 G Chapter 1 — Introduction .......................................................... 1-1 Over view ....................................................................... 1-1 Features and capabilities ....................................
2 User’ s Reference Guide IP Easy Setup ...................................................... 6-5 Easy Setup Security Configuration ......................... 6-7 Chapter 7 — W AN and System Configuration ............................. 7-1 W AN configuration .
Contents 3 G IP Address Pools ................................................ 8-13 DHCP NetBIOS Options ....................................... 8-15 More Addr ess Ser ving Options ...................................... 8-17 Configuring the IP Address Ser ver options .
4 User’ s Reference Guide About A TMP Tunnels................................................... 10-12 A TMP configuration ........................................... 10-12 Encr yption Suppor t .................................................... 10-15 MS-CHAP V2 and 128-bit strong encr yption .
Contents 5 G Basic IP packet components ............................. 11-21 Basic protocol types ......................................... 11-21 Firewall design r ules ......................................... 11-22 Filter basics .....................
6 User’ s Reference Guide Restar ting the system ................................................ 13-12 Appendix A — Troubleshooting .................................................. A-1 Configuration problems ...................................
Introduction 1-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 II I I n n n n t t t t r r r r o o o o d d d d u u u u c c c c t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n Overview The Netopia 4541.
1-2 User’ s Reference Guide How to use this guide In addition to the simple documentation contained in the accompanying Getting Star ted Guide , this guide is designed to be your single source for infor mation about your Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router.
Making the Physical Connections 2-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 2 2 2 2 M M M M a a a a k k k k ii i i n n n n g g g g t t t t h h h h e e e e P P P P h h h h y y y y s s s.
2-2 User’ s Reference Guide Y ou will need: ■ A Windows 95 or 98–based PC or a Macintosh computer with Ethernet connectivity for configuring the Netopia 4541/4542. This may be built-in Ethernet or an add-on car d, with TCP/IP installed and configur ed.
Making the Physical Connections 2-3 3. Connect the Ethernet cable to the Ether net por t on the r outer and the other end to your computer . Y ou should now have: the power adapter plugged in; the Ether net cable connected between the router and your computer; and the DSL cable connected between the router and the DSL wall outlet.
2-4 User’ s Reference Guide.
Sharing the Connection 3-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 3 3 3 3 S S S S h h h h a a a a r r r r ii i i n n n n g g g g t t t t h h h h e e e e C C C C o o o o n n n n n n n .
3-2 User’ s Reference Guide Dynamic configuration (r ecommended) To configur e your PC for dynamic addressing do the following: Note: Y ou can also use these instr uctions to configur e other computers on your network to accept IP addresses ser ved by the Netopia 4541/4542.
Sharing the Connection 3-3 Static configuration (optional) If you are manually configuring for a fixed or static IP addr ess, per for m the following: 1. Go to Star t Menu/Settings/Control Panels and double click the Network icon. From the Network components list, select the Configuration tab.
3-4 User’ s Reference Guide 4. Click OK in this window and the next window . When prompted, r eboot the computer . Note: Y ou can also use these instr uctions to configur e other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses. Be sur e each computer on your network has its own IP address.
Sharing the Connection 3-5 Configuring TCP/IP on Macintosh Computers The following is a quick guide to configuring TCP/IP for MacOS computers. Configuring TCP/IP in a Macintosh computer requir es the following: ■ Y ou must have either Open T ranspor t or Classic Networking (MacTCP) installed.
3-6 User’ s Reference Guide Static configuration (optional) 3. In the TCP/IP window or in the MacTCP/More window , select or type information into the fields as shown in the following table. 4. Close the TCP/IP or MacTCP control panel and save the settings.
Sharing the Connection 3-7 Note: Y ou can also use these instr uctions to configur e other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses.
3-8 User’ s Reference Guide.
Connecting to Y our Local Ar ea Network 4-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 4 4 4 4 C C C C o o o o n n n n n n n n e e e e c c c c t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g t t t t o o o.
4-2 User’ s Reference Guide Once the Netopia 4541/4542 is properly configur ed and connected to your LAN, PC and Macintosh computers that have their requir ed components in place will be able to connect to the Internet or other r emote IP networks.
Console-Based Management 5-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 5 5 5 5 C C C C o o o o n n n n s s s s o o o o ll l l e e e e - - - - B B B B a a a a s s s s e e e e d d d d M M .
5-2 User’ s Reference Guide may be using the router to connect to mor e than one ser vice provider or r emote site. ■ The System Configuration menus display and per mit changing: ■ IP setup. See “IP Setup” on page 8-1 . ■ Filter sets (firewalls).
Console-Based Management 5-3 Configuring T elnet software If you are configuring your r outer using a T elnet session, your computer must be r unning a T elnet software program. ■ If you connect a PC with Microsoft Windows, you can use a Windows T elnet application or simply r un T elnet from the Star t menu.
5-4 User’ s Reference Guide Launch your ter minal emulation software and configur e the communications software for the values shown in the table below .
Easy Setup 6-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 6 6 6 6 E E E E a a a a s s s s y y y y S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p This chapter describes how to use the Easy Setup console screens on your Netopia 4541/4542.
6-2 User’ s Reference Guide If you do not see the Main Menu, verify that: ■ If you are using a serial connection, that your serial por t speed is the same as the Netopia 4541/4542’s default 9600 baud, for first use.
Easy Setup 6-3 The Main Menu appears. 2. Select the first item on the Main Menu list, Easy Setup . Press Retur n to bring up the ADSL Line Configuration menu screen. DSL Line Configuration 1. Select Circuit Type and, from the pop-up menu, choose the type of cir cuit to which you will be connecting: Multimode, T1.
6-4 User’ s Reference Guide Routed 1483. If you select Bridged 1483, a new option PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) appears. Y ou can then toggle PPPoE On or Of f. Choosing Routed 1483 hides the PPPoE option. ■ If you selected PPP , the next pop-up menu PPP Mode of fers the choice of VC Multiplexed or LLC SNAP .
Easy Setup 6-5 If you selected Numbered, the following fields appear . ■ Select the editable field labeled Local W AN IP Addr ess . The default address is 0.0.0.0, which allows for dynamic addr essing, when your ISP assigns an address each time you connect.
6-6 User’ s Reference Guide 1. Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the first IP addr ess from the IP addr ess range your ISP has given you. This will be the Netopia Router’s IP address. The Ethernet IP Addr ess defaults to an address (192.168.1.
Easy Setup 6-7 7. T oggle IP Address Ser ving to On or Of f, depending on whether you want the device’s IP address ser ver to supply dynamic IP addresses to your client workstations. Nor mally , you would accept the default On so that workstations on your LAN can have IP addresses assigned dynamically fr om the router .
6-8 User’ s Reference Guide The Router will restar t and your configuration settings will be activated. Y ou can then Exit or Quit your T elnet application.
W AN and System Configuration 7-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 7 7 7 7 W W W W A A A A N N N N a a a a n n n n d d d d S S S S y y y y s s s s t t t t e e e e m m m m C C C.
7-2 User’ s Reference Guide 1. Select Circuit Type and from the pop-up menu choose the type of cir cuit to which you will be connecting. ■ Model 4541 of fers Multimode, T1.413, G.dmt, G.lite, or ADI. ■ Model 4542 of fers Multimode, ADI ETDI, ITU Standar d, UR2, ADI Legacy , TI Legacy and Alcatel ETSI.
W AN and System Configuration 7-3 ■ Enter a name for the circuit in the Cir cuit Name field. ■ T oggle Circuit Enabled to Y es. ■ Enter the Vir tual Path Identifier and the Vir tual Channel Identifier in the Circuit VPI and Circuit VCI fields, respectively .
7-4 User’ s Reference Guide Cr eating a new Connection Profile For a Netopia 4541/4542, connection profiles ar e useful for configuring the connection and authentication settings for negotiating a PPP connection on the ADSL link.
W AN and System Configuration 7-5 3. Select Data Link Encapsulation and press Retur n. The pop-up menu of fers the possible data link encapsulation methods for connection profiles used for a variety of purposes: PPP , RFC1483, A TMP , PPTP , or IPsec.
7-6 User’ s Reference Guide 7. T oggle or enter any IP Parameters you requir e and retur n to the Add Connection Profile scr een by pressing Escape. For more infor mation, see “IP Setup” on page 8-2 . 8. Select COMMIT and press Retur n. Y our new Connection Pr ofile will be added.
W AN and System Configuration 7-7 The default pr ofile If you are using RFC1483 datalink encapsulation, the Default Pr ofile screen contr ols whether or not the ADSL link will come up without an explicitly configured connection pr ofile.
7-8 User’ s Reference Guide IP parameters (default profile) scr een If you are using RFC1483 datalink encapsulation, the IP Parameters (Default Pr ofile) screen allows you to configure various IP.
W AN and System Configuration 7-9 V iewing scheduled connections To display a table of scheduled connections, select Display/Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen.
7-10 User’ s Reference Guide The other columns show: ■ The time of day that the connection will Begin At ■ The duration of the connection ( HH:MM ) ■ Whether it’s a recur ring Weekly connection or used Once Only ■ Which connection profile ( Conn.
W AN and System Configuration 7-11 demand call on the line. ■ Demand-Allowed , meaning that this schedule will per mit a demand call on the line. ■ Demand-Blocked , meaning that this schedule will prevent a demand call on the line. ■ Periodic , meaning that the connection is retried several times during the scheduled time.
7-12 User’ s Reference Guide Set Once-Only Schedule If you set How Often to Once Only , select Set Once-Only Schedule and go to the Set Once-Only Schedule screen. ■ Select Place Call On (Date) and enter a date in the for mat MM/DD/YY or MM/DD/YYYY (month, day , year).
W AN and System Configuration 7-13 Modifying a scheduled connection To modify a scheduled connection, select Display/Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen to display a table of scheduled connections. Select a scheduled connection from the table and pr ess Return.
7-14 User’ s Reference Guide The console screen will open to the Main Menu, similar to the scr een shown below: Navigating thr ough the system configuration screens To help you find your way to pa.
W AN and System Configuration 7-15 System configuration featur es The Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router’s default settings may be all you need to configure your Netopia 4541/4542. Some users, however , require advanced settings or pr efer manual control over the default selections.
7-16 User’ s Reference Guide IP setup These screens allow you to configur e your network’s use of the IP networking protocol. ■ Details are given in “IP Setup” on page 8-2 . Filter sets (firewalls) These screens allow you to configur e security on your network by means of filter sets and a basic firewall.
W AN and System Configuration 7-17 3. Select the Router’s time zone from the Ti me Zone pop-up menu and press Retur n. 4. In the NTP Update Inter val field, enter how often to synchronize with the time ser ver , using the for mat HHHH:MM where H is hours and M is minutes.
7-18 User’ s Reference Guide Security These screens allow you to add users and define passwor ds on your network. ■ Details are given in “Security” on page 11-1 . Upgrade feature set Y ou can upgrade your Netopia 4541/4542 by adding new featur e sets through the Upgrade Featur e Set utility .
W AN and System Configuration 7-19 ■ Y ou can specify the UNIX syslog Facility to use by selecting the Facility pop-up. ■ Erase the log by selecting DUMP W AN LOG Installing the Syslog client The.
7-20 User’ s Reference Guide.
IP Setup 8-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 8 8 8 8 II I I P P P P S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p The Netopia 4541/4542 uses Internet Pr otocol (IP) to communicate both locally and with remote networks. This chapter shows you how to configure the r outer to route IP traf fic.
8-2 User’ s Reference Guide IP Setup The IP Setup options screen is wher e you configure the Ether net side of the Netopia 4541/4542. The infor mation you enter here contr ols how the router r outes IP traf fic.
IP Setup 8-3 The Netopia 4541/4542 suppor ts multiple IP subnets on the Ether net inter face. Y ou may want to configure multiple IP subnets to ser vice mor e hosts than are possible with your primar y subnet. It is not always possible to obtain a lar ger subnet from your ISP .
8-4 User’ s Reference Guide IP subnets The IP Subnets screen allows you to configur e up to eight Ethernet IP subnets on unlimited-user models, one “primar y” subnet and up to seven secondar y subnets, by entering IP addr ess/subnet mask pairs: Note: Y ou need not use this screen if you have only a single Ether net IP subnet.
IP Setup 8-5 For example: ■ To delete a configur ed subnet, set both the IP address and subnet mask values to 0.0.0.0, either explicitly or by clearing each field and pressing Retur n to commit the change. When a configured subnet is deleted, the values in subsequent rows adjust up to fill the vacant fields.
8-6 User’ s Reference Guide If you have configured multiple Ether net IP subnets, the IP Setup screen changes slightly: The IP address and Subnet mask items ar e hidden, and the Define Additional Subnets.
IP Setup 8-7 The Static Routes screen will appear . Viewing static r outes To display a view-only table of static r outes, select Display/Change Static Route . The table shown below will appear . The table has the following columns: Dest. Network: The network IP address of the destination network.
8-8 User’ s Reference Guide Subnet Mask: The subnet mask associated with the destination network. Next Gateway: The IP address of the r outer that will be used to reach the destination network. Priority: An indication of whether the Netopia 4541/4542 will use the static route when it conflicts with infor mation received fr om RIP packets.
IP Setup 8-9 infor mation; Low means that the RIP infor mation takes precedence over the static r oute. ■ If the static route conflicts with a connection pr ofile, the connection profile will always take pr ecedence.
8-10 User’ s Reference Guide IP Addr ess Serving In addition to being a router , the Netopia 4541/4542 is also an IP address ser ver . There are thr ee protocols it can use to distribute IP addresses.
IP Setup 8-11 Follow these steps to configure IP Addr ess Ser ving: ■ If you enabled IP Address Ser ving, then DHCP , BootP clients and Dynamic W AN clients are automatically enabled. ■ The IP Address Ser ving Mode pop-up menu allows you to choose the way in which the Netopia 4541/4542 will ser ve IP addresses.
8-12 User’ s Reference Guide If you have configured multiple Ether net IP subnets, the appearance of the IP Address Ser ving screen is alter ed slightly: Three menu items ar e hidden, and Configure Addr ess Pools... appears instead. If you select Configure Address Pools.
IP Setup 8-13 IP Addr ess Pools The IP Address Pools scr een allows you to configure a separate IP addr ess ser ving pool for each of up to eight configured Ether net IP subnets: This screen consists of between two and eight r ows of four columns each.
8-14 User’ s Reference Guide Numerous factors influence the choice of ser ved addr ess. It is dif ficult to specify the address that will be ser ved to a par ticular client in all cir cumstances.
IP Setup 8-15 DHCP NetBIOS Options If your network uses NetBIOS, you can enable the Netopia 4541/4542 to use DHCP to distribute NetBIOS infor mation. NetBIOS stands for Network Basic Input/Output System. It is a layer of software originally developed by IBM and Sytek to link a network operating system with specific hardwar e.
8-16 User’ s Reference Guide ■ From the NetBios Type pop-up menu, select the type of NetBIOS used on your network. ■ To ser ve DHCP clients with the NetBIOS scope, select Ser ve NetBios Scope and toggle it to Ye s . Select NetBios Scope and enter the scope.
IP Setup 8-17 Select Release BootP Leases and press Retur n. ■ Back in IP Address Ser ving, the Ser ve Dynamic W AN Clients toggle Mor e Address Serving Options The Netopia 4541/4542 includes a number of enhancements in the built-in DHCP IP address ser ver .
8-18 User’ s Reference Guide Configuring the IP Addr ess Server options To access the enhanced DHCP ser ver functions, from the Main Menu navigate to Statistics & Logs and then Ser ved IP Addresses . The following example shows the Ser ved IP Addresses scr een after three clients have leased IP addr esses.
IP Setup 8-19 Y ou can select the entries in the Ser ved IP Addr esses screen. Use the up and down ar row keys to move the selection to one of the entries in the list of ser ved IP addresses. Once you select an entr y , pr essing Retur n displays an action pop-up menu that lists operations that can be per for med on that entr y .
8-20 User’ s Reference Guide ■ Details… is displayed if the entr y is associated with both a host name and a client identifier . Selecting Details… displays a pop-up menu that provides additional infor mation associated with the IP address.
IP Setup 8-21 ■ Include is displayed if the entr y is either excluded or declined. An IP address is marked declined when a client to whom the DHCP ser ver of fers the address declines the address. A client declines an addr ess if it deter mines that a leased address is alr eady in use by another device.
8-22 User’ s Reference Guide The router’s Ether net IP address(es) will be automatically excluded fr om the address ser ving pool(s) on star tup. Entries in the ser ved IP address list cor responding to the r outer’s Ethernet IP addr ess(es) that have been automatically excluded on star tup are not selectable.
IP Setup 8-23 D D D D H H H H C C C C P P P P R R R R e e e e ll l l a a a a y y y y A A A A g g g g e e e e n n n n t t t t The Netopia 4541/4542 of fers DHCP Relay Agent functionality , as defined in RFC1542.
8-24 User’ s Reference Guide Select IP Address Ser ving and pr ess Retur n. The IP Address Ser ving scr een appears. Select IP Address Ser ving Mode . The pop-up menu of fers the choices of Disabled , DHCP Ser ver (the default), and DHCP Relay Agent .
IP Setup 8-25 Note: The remote DHCP ser ver(s) to which the Netopia Router is r elaying DHCP requests must be capable of ser vicing relayed r equests. Not all DHCP ser vers suppor t this featur e. For example, the DHCP ser ver in the Netopia Router does not .
8-26 User’ s Reference Guide 2. T oggle the Profile Enabled value to Ye s or No . The default is Y es. 3. Select IP Profile Parameters and press Retur n. The IP Pr ofile Parameters screen appears. 4. T oggle or enter any IP parameters you requir e and retur n to the Add Connection Profile scr een by pressing Escape.
IP Setup 8-27 5. Select ADD PROFILE NOW and press Retur n. Y our new connection pr ofile will be added. If you want to view the connection profiles in your r outer , return to the WAN Configuration screen, and select Display/Change Connection Profile .
8-28 User’ s Reference Guide.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation 9-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 9 9 9 9 M M M M u u u u ll l l t t t t ii i i p p p p ll l l e e e e N N N N e e e e t t t t w w w w o.
9-2 User’ s Reference Guide The following is a general description of these features: Port Address T ranslation The simplest for m of classic Network Address Translation is PAT (Por t Address T ranslation).
Multiple Network Address T ranslation 9-3 When addresses ar e retur ned to the group of available addr esses, they are r etur ned to the head of the group, being the most recently used. If that same host r equests a connection an hour later , and the same public address is still available, then it will be mapped to the same private host.
9-4 User’ s Reference Guide Exterior addresses ar e allocated to internal hosts on a demand, or as-needed, basis and then made available when traf fic fr om that host ceases. Once an inter nal host has been allocated an address, it will use that address for all traf fic.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation 9-5 In order to suppor t this type of mapping, you define two addr ess ranges. First, you define a public range which contains the first and last public address to be used and the way in which these addr esses should be used (P A T , static, or dynamic).
9-6 User’ s Reference Guide Easy Setup Profile configuration The screen below is an example. Depending on the type of r outer you are using, fields displayed in this scr een may var y . The Local W AN IP Addr ess is used to configure a NA T public address range consisting of the Local W AN IP Address and all its por ts.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation 9-7 Y ou can configur e a simple 1-to-many P A T (often r efer r ed to simply as NA T) mapping using Easy Setup. Mor e complex setups requir e configuration using the Network Address Translation item on the IP Setup screen.
9-8 User’ s Reference Guide The Network Address T ranslation screen appears. Public Range defines an external addr ess range and indicates what type of mapping to apply when using this range. The types of mapping available are dynamic , static and pat .
Multiple Network Address T ranslation 9-9 The Add NA T Public Range scr een appears. ■ Select Range Name and give a descriptive name to this range. ■ Select Type and from the pop-up menu, assign its type. Options are static , dynamic , or pat (the default).
9-10 User’ s Reference Guide ■ Select Map List Name and enter a descriptive name for this map list. A new menu item, Add Map , appears. ■ Select Add Map and press Retur n. The Add NA T Map screen appears. ■ Select First and Last Private Address and enter the first and last interior IP addresses you want to assign to this mapping.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation 9-11 ■ From the list of public ranges you defined, select the one that you want to map to the interior range for this mapping and press Retur n. If none of your preconfigur ed ranges are suitable for this mapping, you can select <<NEW RANGE>> and create a new range.
9-12 User’ s Reference Guide Modifying map lists Y ou can make changes to an existing map list after you have cr eated it. Since there may be mor e than one map list you must select which one you are modifying. From the Network Addr ess T ranslation screen select Show/Change Map List and press Retur n.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation 9-13 ■ Add Map allows you to add a new map to the map list. ■ Show/Change Maps allows you to modify the individual maps within the list. ■ Delete Map allows you to delete a map from the list. Selecting Show/Change Maps or Delete Map displays the same pop-up menu.
9-14 User’ s Reference Guide Adding Server Lists Ser ver lists, also known as Expor ts, ar e handled similarly to map lists. If you want to make a par ticular ser ver’s por t accessible (and it isn’t accessible through other means, such as a static mapping), you must cr eate a ser ver list.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation 9-15 ■ Select Add Ser ver and press Retur n. The Add NA T Ser ver screen appears. ■ Select Ser vice and press Retur n. A pop-up menu appears listing a selection of commonly expor ted ser vices. ■ Choose the ser vice you want to expor t and pr ess Return.
9-16 User’ s Reference Guide ■ Enter the First and Last Por t Number between por ts 1 and 65535. Select OK and press Retur n. Y ou will be retur ned to the Add NA T Ser ver screen. ■ Enter the Ser ver Private IP Address of the ser ver whose ser vice you are expor ting.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation 9-17 Modifying server lists Once a ser ver list exists, you can select it for modification or deletion. ■ Select Show/Change Ser ver List from the Network Addr ess T ranslation screen. ■ Select the Ser ver List Name you want to modify from the pop-up menu and pr ess Retur n.
9-18 User’ s Reference Guide ■ Selecting Show/Change Ser ver or Delete Ser ver displays the same pop-up menu. Select any ser ver from the list and pr ess Retur n. The Change NA T Ser ver screen appears. Y ou can make changes to the ser ver’s ser vice and por t or inter nal or external addr ess.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation 9-19 Deleting a server To delete a ser ver from the list, select Delete Ser ver fr om the Show/Change NA T Ser ver List menu and press Return. A pop-up menu lists your configured ser vers. Select the one you want to delete and pr ess Retur n.
9-20 User’ s Reference Guide Binding Map Lists and Server Lists Once you have created your map lists and ser ver lists, for most Netopia Router models you must bind them to a profile, either a Connection Pr ofile or the Default Profile.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation 9-21 ■ Select NA T Map List and press Return. A pop-up menu displays a list of your defined map lists. ■ Select the map list you want to bind to this Connection Profile and pr ess Return. The map list you selected will now be bound to this Connection Profile.
9-22 User’ s Reference Guide IP Parameters (W AN Default Pr ofile) The Netopia 4541/4542 using RFC 1483 suppor ts a W AN default profile that per mits several parameters to be configured without an explicitly configur ed Connection Profile.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation 9-23 ■ Select NA T Map List and press Return. A pop-up menu displays a list of your defined map lists. ■ Select the map list you want to bind to the default profile and pr ess Return. The map list you selected will now be bound to the default profile.
9-24 User’ s Reference Guide NA T Associations Configuration of map and ser ver lists alone is not suf ficient to enable NA T for a WAN connection because map and ser ver lists must be linked to a profile that contr ols the WAN inter face.
Multiple Network Address T ranslation 9-25 keys. Select the item by pressing Retur n to display a pop-up menu of all of your configured lists. ■ Select the list name you want to assign and press Retur n again. Y our selection will then be associated with the cor responding pr ofile or inter face.
9-26 User’ s Reference Guide MultiNA T Configuration Example To help you understand a typical MultiNA T configuration, this section describes an example of the type of configuration you may want to implement on your site. The values shown are for example purposes only .
Multiple Network Address T ranslation 9-27 Enter your ISP-supplied values as shown below . Select NEXT SCREEN and press Retur n. Y our IP values ar e shown here.
9-28 User’ s Reference Guide Select Show/Change Public Range , then Easy-P A T Range , and pr ess Retur n. Enter the value your ISP assigned for your public address (206.1.1.6, in this example). T oggle Type to pat. Y our public address is then mapped to the remaining private IP addr esses using P A T .
Multiple Network Address T ranslation 9-29 Select ADD NA T PUBLIC RANGE and press Return. Y ou are retur ned to the Network Addr ess T ranslation screen. Next, select Show/Change Map List and choose Easy-P A T List . Select Add Map . The Add NA T Map scr een appears.
9-30 User’ s Reference Guide To make these changes, first limit the range of r emapped addresses on the Static Map and then edit the default ser ver list called Easy-Ser vers. ■ First, navigate to the Show/Change Map List screen, select Easy-P A T List and then Show/Change Maps .
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 V V V V ii i i r r r r t t t t u u u u a a a a ll l l P P P P r r r r ii i i v v v v a a a .
10-2 User’ s Reference Guide T unneling is a process of creating a private path between a r emote user or private network and another private network over some inter mediate network, such as the IP-based Inter net.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-3 the receiving side, an IPsec-compliant device decr ypts each packet. The Netopia 4541/4542 suppor ts the more secur e T unnel mode. DES stands for Data Encr yption Standard, a popular symmetric-key encr yption method.
10-4 User’ s Reference Guide PPTP configuration To set up the r outer as a PPTP Network Ser ver (PNS) capable of answering PPTP tunnel r equests you must also configure the VPN Default Answer Pr ofile. See "A TMP/PPTP Default Pr ofile" on page 10-16 for more information.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-5 When you define a Connection Profile as using PPTP by selecting PPTP as the datalink encapsulation method, and then select Data Link Options , the PPTP T unnel Options screen appears. ■ Enter the PPTP Par tner IP Address .
10-6 User’ s Reference Guide Note: The Netopia 4541/4542 suppor ts 128-bit (“strong”) encr yption. Unlike MS-CHAP version 1, which suppor ts one-way authentication, MS-CHAP version 2 suppor ts mutual authentication between connected routers and is incompatible with MS-CHAP version 1 (MS-CHAP-V1).
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-7 The IP Profile Parameters scr een appears. ■ Enter the Remote IP Address and Remote IP Mask for the host to which you want to tunnel. About IPsec T unnels IPsec stands for IP Security , a set of protocols that suppor ts secure exchange of IP packets at the IP layer .
10-8 User’ s Reference Guide The Add Connection Profile scr een appears. ■ From the Data Link Encapsulation pop-up menu select IPsec . ■ Then select Data Link Options . The IPsec Encr yption & Authentication Options screen appears. ■ Y ou must specify an Encr yption Transform .
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-9 ■ Y ou must enter an Encr yption Key if the Encr yption T ransfor m is DES. The key for DES must be a hexadecimal string of 16 characters, using Hex characters only: '0'-'9', 'A'-'F' and 'a' - 'f'.
10-10 User’ s Reference Guide IP Pr ofile Parameters The following IP Profile Options scr een is displayed for an IPsec Connection Profile. ■ Y ou must specify an SPI (Security Parameters Index) , which is the ESP receive side SPI and the default SPI for ESP transmit, AH receive, and AH transmit.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-11 Map Lists, Ser ver Lists, and P A T addresses ar e described in detail in Chapter 9, “Multiple Network Address T ranslation.” ■ Y ou can specify a Filter Set . See "About filters and filter sets" on page 11-4 .
10-12 User’ s Reference Guide If you do not specify the Remote T unnel Endpoint Address, the router will use the default gateway to r each the par tner . If the par tner should be r eached via an alter nate por t (for example, the LAN instead of the W AN), the Next Hop Gateway field allows this path to be resolved.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-13 When you define a Connection Profile as using A TMP by selecting A TMP as the datalink encapsulation method, and then select Data Link Options , the A TMP T unnel Options screen appears. Note: An A TMP tunnel cannot be assigned a dynamic IP addr ess by the remote ser ver , as in a PPP connection.
10-14 User’ s Reference Guide the gateway par tner is reached. If you do not specify the A TMP Par tner IP Address, the r outer will use the default gateway to reach the par tner and the Tunnel Via Gateway field is hidden. If the par tner should be reached via an alter nate por t (i.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-15 ■ Enter the Remote IP Address and Remote IP Mask for the host to which you want to tunnel. Encryption Support Encr yption is a method for altering user data into a for m that is unusable by anyone other than the intended recipient.
10-16 User’ s Reference Guide and transparently . A TMP/PPTP Default Pr ofile The W AN Configuration menu of fers a A TMP/PPTP Default Profile option. Use this selection when your r outer is acting as the ser ver for VPN connections, that is, when you are on the answering end of the tunnel establishment.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-17 If you chose MS-CHAP authentication, the Data Compression option is not requir ed, and this menu item becomes hidden. VPN QuickV iew Y ou can view the status of your VPN connections in the VPN QuickView scr een. From the Main Menu select QuickView and then VPN QuickView .
10-18 User’ s Reference Guide Dial-Up Networking for VPN Microsoft Windows Dial-Up Networking softwar e per mits a remote standalone workstation to establish a VPN tunnel to a PPTP ser ver such as a Netopia Router located at a central site.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-19 The Communications window appears. 5. In the Communications window , select Dial-Up Networking and click the OK button. This retur ns you to the Windows Setup screen. Click the OK button. 6. Respond to the prompts to install Dial-Up Networking fr om the system disks or CDROM.
10-20 User’ s Reference Guide Configuring a Dial-Up Networking profile Once you have created your Dial-Up Networking pr ofile, you configure it for TCP/IP networking to allow you to connect to the Internet thr ough your Inter net connection device.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-21 4. Click the TCP/IP Settings button. ■ If your ISP uses dynamic IP addressing (DHCP), select the Ser ver assigned IP addr ess radio button. ■ If your ISP uses static IP addressing, select the Specify an IP addr ess radio button and enter your assigned IP address in the fields pr ovided.
10-22 User’ s Reference Guide This displays a list of possible selections for the communications option. Active components will have a check in the checkboxes to their left. 6. Check Dial Up Networking at the top of the list and Vir tual Private Networking at the bottom of the list.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-23 Connecting using Dial-Up Networking A Dial-Up Networking connection will be automatically launched whenever you r un a TCP/IP application, such as a web browser or email client. When you first r un the application a Connect T o dialog box appears in which you enter your User name and Password.
10-24 User’ s Reference Guide PPTP example To enable a fir ewall to allow PPTP traf fic, you must pr ovision the firewall to allow inbound and outbound TCP packets specifically destined for por t 1723. The source por t may be dynamic, so often it is not useful to apply a compare function upon this por tion of the contr ol/negotiation packets.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-25 In the Display/Change Filter Set screen select Display/Change Output Filter . Display/Change Output Filter screen Select Output Filter 1 and press Retur n. In the Change Output Filter 1 screen, set the Pr otocol Type and Destination Por t infor mation as shown below .
10-26 User’ s Reference Guide Select Output Filter 2 and press Retur n. In the Change Output Filter 2 screen, set the Pr otocol Type to allow GRE as shown below . A TMP example To enable a fir ewall to allow A TMP traf fic, you must provision the fir ewall to allow inbound and outbound UDP packets specifically destined for por t 5150.
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-27 Select Input Filter 1 and press Retur n. In the Change Input Filter 1 screen, set the Destination Por t infor mation as shown below . Select Input Filter 2 and press Retur n. In the Change Input Filter 2 screen, set the Pr otocol Type to allow GRE as shown below .
10-28 User’ s Reference Guide In the Display/Change Filter Set screen select Display/Change Output Filter . Display/Change Output Filter screen Select Output Filter 1 and press Retur n. In the Change Output Filter 1 screen, set the Pr otocol Type and Destination Por t infor mation as shown below .
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-29 Change Output Filter 2 Enabled: Yes Forward: Yes Source IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Source IP Address Mask: 0.0.0.0 Dest.
10-30 User’ s Reference Guide.
Security 11-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S S S S e e e e c c c c u u u u r r r r ii i i t t t t y y y y The Netopia 4541/4542 provides a number of security featur es to help protect its configuration scr eens and your local network from unauthorized access.
11-2 User’ s Reference Guide Once user accounts are cr eated, users who attempt to access protected scr eens will be challenged. Users who enter an incor rect name or passwor d are r etur ned to a screen r equesting a name/password combination to access the Main Menu.
Security 11-3 To add a new user account, select Add User in the Security Options scr een and press Retur n. The Add Name With Write Access screen appears. Follow these steps to configure the new account: 1. Select Enter Name and enter a descriptive name (for example, the user’s first name).
11-4 User’ s Reference Guide To r estrict T elnet access, select Security in the Advanced Configuration menu. The Security Options screen will appear . There are two levels of T elnet r estriction available: ■ To r estrict T elnet access to the SNMP screens, select Enable T elnet Access to SNMP Scr eens and toggle it to No .
Security 11-5 Each inspector has a specific task. One inspector’s task may be to examine the destination address of all outgoing packages. That inspector looks for a cer tain destination—which co.
11-6 User’ s Reference Guide If the package does not match the first inspector’s criteria, it goes to the second inspector , and so on. Y ou can see that the order of the inspectors in the line is ver y impor tant.
Security 11-7 Parts of a filter A filter consists of criteria based on packet attributes. A typical filter can match a packet on any one of the following attributes: ■ The source IP addr ess (whe.
11-8 User’ s Reference Guide Port number comparisons A filter can also use a comparison option to evaluate a packet’s source or destination por t number. The comparison options are: No Compare: No comparison of the por t number specified in the filter with the packet’s por t number.
Security 11-9 Putting the parts together When you display a filter set, its filters are displayed as r ows in a table: The table’s columns cor respond to each filter’s attributes: #: The filter’s priority in the set. Filter number 1, with the highest priority , is first in the table.
11-10 User’ s Reference Guide Filtering example #1 Returning to our filtering r ule example from above (see page 11-6 ), look at how a r ule is translated into a filter .
Security 11-11 This filter blocks any packets coming from a r emote network with the IP network address 200.233.14.0. The 0 at the end of the address signifies any host on the class C IP network 200.233.14.0. If, for example, the filter is applied to a packet with the source IP addr ess 200.
11-12 User’ s Reference Guide An approach to using filters The ultimate goal of network security is to prevent unauthorized access to the network without compr omising authorized access.
Security 11-13 To add a new filter set, select Add Filter Set in the Filter Sets scr een and press Retur n. The Add Filter Set screen appears. Naming a new filter set All new filter sets have a default name. The first filter set you add will be called Filter Set 1, the next filter will be Filter Set 2, and so on.
11-14 User’ s Reference Guide Adding filters to a filter set There ar e two kinds of filters you can add to a filter set: input and output. Input filters check packets received from the Inter net, destined for your network. Output filters check packets transmitted from your network to the Internet.
Security 11-15 Note: There ar e two groups of items in this scr een, one for input filters and one for output filters. In this section, you’ll learn how to add an input filter to a filter set. Adding an output filter works exactly the same way , providing you keep the dif ferent sour ce and destination perspectives in mind.
11-16 User’ s Reference Guide 5. Select Source IP Addr ess Mask and enter a mask for the source IP addr ess. This allows you to fur ther modify the way the filter will match on the source addr ess. Enter 0.0.0.0 to for ce the filter to match on all source IP addr esses, or enter 255.
Security 11-17 Deleting filters To delete a filter , select Delete Input Filter or Delete Output Filter in the Display/Change Filter Set screen to display a table of filters. Select the filter from the table and pr ess Return to delete it. Pr ess Escape to exit the table without deleting the filter .
11-18 User’ s Reference Guide Basic Firewall blocks undesirable traf fic originating from the WAN (in most cases, the Internet), but for war ds all traf fic originating fr om the LAN.
Security 11-19 Output filter 1: This filter for wards all outgoing traf fic to make sure that no outgoing connections fr om the LAN are blocked. Basic Firewall is suitable for a LAN containing only client hosts that want to access ser vers on the WAN, but not for a LAN containing ser vers providing ser vices to clients on the W AN.
11-20 User’ s Reference Guide FTP sessions. To allow WAN-originated FTP sessions to a LAN-based FTP ser ver with the IP addr ess a.b.c.d (cor responding to a number ed IP address such as 163.176.8.243), inser t the following input filter ahead of the cur rent input filter 1: ■ Enabled: Y es ■ For ward: Y es ■ Source IP Addr ess: 0.
Security 11-21 Basic IP packet components All IP packets contain the same basic header infor mation, as follows: This header infor mation is what the packet filter uses to make filtering decisions. It is impor tant to note that a packet filter does not look into the IP data stream (the User Data fr om above) to make filtering decisions.
11-22 User’ s Reference Guide Fir ewall design rules There ar e two basic r ules to firewall design: ■ “What is not explicitly allowed is denied.” and ■ “What is not explicitly denied is allowed.” The first r ule is far more secur e, and is the best approach to fir ewall design.
Security 11-23 Logical AND function When a packet is compared (in most cases) a logical AND function is per for med. First the IP addresses and subnet masks are conver ted to binar y and then combined with AND.
11-24 User’ s Reference Guide Example filter set screen This is an example of the Netopia filter set screen: Filter basics In the source or destination IP addr ess fields, the IP address that is enter ed must be the network address of the subnet.
Security 11-25 Example network Example filters Example 1 Incoming packet has the source addr ess of 200.1.1.28 This incoming IP packet has a source IP addr ess that matches the network address in the Sour ce IP Address field (00000000) in the Netopia 4541/4542.
11-26 User’ s Reference Guide Example 2 Incoming packet has the source addr ess of 200.1.1.184. This incoming IP packet (10000000) has a source IP addr ess that does not match the network address in the Source IP Addr ess field (00000000) in the Netopia 4541/4542.
Security 11-27 Example 4 Incoming packet has the source addr ess of 200.1.1.104. Since the Source IP Network Addr ess in the Netopia 4541/4542 is 01100000, and the sour ce IP address after the logical AND is 01100000, this r ule does match and this packet will not be for warded.
11-28 User’ s Reference Guide.
Monitoring T ools 12-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 M M M M o o o o n n n n ii i i t t t t o o o o r r r r ii i i n n n n g g g g T T T T o o o o o o o o ll l l s s s s This chapter discusses the Netopia 4541/4542’s device and network monitoring tools.
12-2 User’ s Reference Guide General status Current Date: The cur r ent date; this can be set with the Date and Time utility (see “Date and time” on page 7-16 ). Default IP Gateway: The router’s default gateway , which may be either manually configur ed or lear ned via DHCP .
Monitoring T ools 12-3 Curr ent status The cur rent status section is a table showing the cur r ent status of the DSL connection. For example: Profile Name: Lists the name of the connection pr ofile being used, if any . Rate: Shows the line rate for this connection.
12-4 User’ s Reference Guide Statistics & Logs When you are tr oubleshooting your Netopia 4541/4542, the Statistics & Logs screens pr ovide insight into the recent event activities of the r outer . From the Main Menu go to Statistics & Logs and select one of the options described in the sections below .
Monitoring T ools 12-5 W AN Event History The W AN Event Histor y screen lists a total of 128 events on the WAN. The most recent events appear at the top. Each entr y in the list contains the following infor mation: Date: Date of the event. Time: Time of the event.
12-6 User’ s Reference Guide In the Statistics & Logs screen, select Device Event Histor y . The Device Event Histor y scr een appears. If the event histor y exceeds the size of the screen, you can scr oll through it by using SCROLL UP and SCROLL DOWN.
Monitoring T ools 12-7 IP Routing T able The IP routing table displays all of the IP r outes cur rently known to the Netopia 4541/4542. The routing table scr een repr esents a snapshot of the routing table infor mation at the time the scr een is first invoked.
12-8 User’ s Reference Guide Physical Interface The top left side of the screen lists total packets r eceived and total packets transmitted for the following data por ts: ■ Ethernet ■ DSL Networ.
Monitoring T ools 12-9 System Information The System Infor mation screen gives a summar y view of the general system level values in the Netopia 4541/4542. From the Statistics & Logs menu select System Information . The System Infor mation scr een appears.
12-10 User’ s Reference Guide The SNMP Setup screen From the Main Menu, select SNMP in the System Configuration screen and pr ess Retur n. The SNMP Setup screen appears. Follow these steps to configure the first thr ee items in the screen: 1. Select System Name and enter a descriptive name for the Netopia 4541/4542’s SNMP agent.
Monitoring T ools 12-11 By default, the read-only and r ead/write community strings are set to public and private, r espectively . Y ou should change both of the default community strings to values known only to you and tr usted system adminis- trators.
12-12 User’ s Reference Guide Setting the IP trap receivers 1. Select Add IP Trap Receiver . 2. Select Receiver IP Address or Domain Name . Enter the IP address or domain name of the SNMP manager you want to receive the trap. 3. Select Community String if you enabled one in the SNMP Setup screen, and enter the appropriate password.
Utilities and Diagnostics 13-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 U U U U t t t t ii i i ll l l ii i i t t t t ii i i e e e e s s s s a a a a n n n n d d d d D D D.
13-2 User’ s Reference Guide Ping The Netopia 4541/4542 Router includes a standard Ping test utility . A Ping test generates IP packets destined for a par ticular (Ping-capable) IP host. Each time the tar get host r eceives a Ping packet, it retur ns a packet to the original sender .
Utilities and Diagnostics 13-3 Status: The cur rent status of the Ping test. This item can display the status messages shown in the able below: Packets Out: The number of packets sent by the Ping test. Packets In: The number of retur n packets received fr om the tar get host.
13-4 User’ s Reference Guide Packets Lost: The number of packets unaccounted for , shown in total and as a percentage of total packets sent. This statistic may be updated during the Ping test, and may not be accurate until after the test is over .
Utilities and Diagnostics 13-5 To trace a r oute, follow these steps: 1. Select Host Name or IP Address and enter the name or addr ess of the destination you want to trace. 2. Select Maximum Hops to set the maximum number of routers to count between the Netopia Router and the destination router , up to the maximum of 64.
13-6 User’ s Reference Guide The T elnet client screen appears. ■ Enter the host name or the IP address in dotted decimal for mat of the machine you want to T elnet into and press Retur n. ■ Either accept the default control character “Q” used to suspend the T elnet session, or type a dif ferent one.
Utilities and Diagnostics 13-7 T ransferring configuration and firmwar e files with TFTP T rivial File T ransfer Pr otocol (TFTP) is a method of transfer ring data over an IP network. TFTP is a client-ser ver application, with the router as the client.
13-8 User’ s Reference Guide ■ Select GET ROUTER FIRMW ARE FROM SERVER and press Retur n. Y ou will see the following dialog box: ■ Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file, or select CONTINUE to download the file. The system will reset at the end of the file transfer to put the new fir mwar e into ef fect.
Utilities and Diagnostics 13-9 ■ Select GET CONFIG FROM SERVER and press Retur n. Y ou will see the following dialog box: ■ Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file, or select CONTINUE to download the file. The system will reset at the end of the file transfer to put the new configuration into ef fect.
13-10 User’ s Reference Guide Updating firmwar e Fir mware updates may be available periodically fr om Netopia or from a site maintained by your or ganization’s network administration. Follow these steps to update the Netopia 4541/4542’s fir mware: 1.
Utilities and Diagnostics 13-11 Caution! Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia 4541/4542 while it is automatically r esetting or it could be damaged. Downloading configuration files The Netopia 4541/4542 can be configured by downloading a configuration file.
13-12 User’ s Reference Guide 3. Select CANCEL to exit without uploading the file, or select CONTINUE to upload the file. If you choose CONTINUE, you will have ten seconds to use your ter minal emulation software to initiate an XMODEM transfer of the configuration file.
Tr oubleshooting A-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x A A A A T T T T r r r r o o o o u u u u b b b b ll l l e e e e s s s s h h h h o o o o o o o o t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g This appendix is intended to help you troubleshoot pr oblems you may encounter while setting up and using the Netopia 4541/4542.
A-2 User’ s Reference Guide Console connection pr oblems Can’t see the configuration scr eens (nothing appears) ■ Make sure the cable connection fr om the Netopia 4541/4542’s console por t to the computer being used as a console is securely connected.
Tr oubleshooting A-3 How to r eset the router to factory defaults Lose your password? This section shows how to r eset the router so that you can access the console scr eens once again. Keep in mind that all of your connection profiles and settings will need to be r econfigured.
A-4 User’ s Reference Guide Technical support Netopia, Inc. is committed to providing its customers with r eliable products and documentation, backed by excellent technical suppor t. Before contacting Netopia Look in this guide for a solution to your problem.
Tr oubleshooting A-5 Online product information Product infor mation can be found in the following: Netopia World Wide W eb ser ver via http://www .netopia.
A-6 User’ s Reference Guide.
T echnical Specifications and Safety Information B-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x B B B B T T T T e e e e c c c c h h h h n n n n ii i i c c c c a a a a ll l l S S S.
B-2 User’ s Reference Guide December 1, 2000 ■ Canada – CSA: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 950-95 EMI: ■ FCC Par t 15 Class B International Safety Approvals: ■ Low V oltage (Eur opean directive) 73/23/EEC ■ EN60950 1992 (Europe) ■ AS/NRZ 3260 (Australia) ■ TS001(Australia) EMI Compatibility: ■ European Dir ective 89/336/EEC ■ EN 300 368.
T echnical Specifications and Safety Information B-3 The telephone company may make changes in its technical operations and procedur es; if such changes af fect the compatibility or use of this device, the telephone company is requir ed to give adequate notice of the changes.
B-4 User’ s Reference Guide Caution Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves, but should contact the appropriate electric inspection authority , or electrician, as appr opriate.
T echnical Specifications and Safety Information B-5 Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufactur er . Dispose of used batteries according to the manufactur er's instr uctions.
B-6 User’ s Reference Guide.
Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies-Revised January 2002 L L L L ii i i m m m m ii i i t t t t e e e e d d d d W W W W a a a a r r r r r r r r a a a a n n n n t t t t y y y y a a a a n n n n d.
Een belangrijk punt na aankoop van elk apparaat Netopia 4541 (of zelfs voordat je het koopt) is om de handleiding te lezen. Dit moeten wij doen vanwege een paar simpele redenen:
Als u nog geen Netopia 4541 heb gekocht dan nu is een goed moment om kennis te maken met de basisgegevens van het product. Eerst kijk dan naar de eerste pagina\'s van de handleiding, die je hierboven vindt. Je moet daar de belangrijkste technische gegevens Netopia 4541 vinden. Op dit manier kan je controleren of het apparaat aan jouw behoeften voldoet. Op de volgende pagina's van de handleiding Netopia 4541 leer je over alle kenmerken van het product en krijg je informatie over de werking. De informatie die je over Netopia 4541 krijgt, zal je zeker helpen om een besluit over de aankoop te nemen.
In een situatie waarin je al een beziter van Netopia 4541 bent, maar toch heb je de instructies niet gelezen, moet je het doen voor de hierboven beschreven redenen. Je zult dan weten of je goed de alle beschikbare functies heb gebruikt, en of je fouten heb gemaakt die het leven van de Netopia 4541 kunnen verkorten.
Maar de belangrijkste taak van de handleiding is om de gebruiker bij het oplossen van problemen te helpen met Netopia 4541 . Bijna altijd, zal je daar het vinden Troubleshooting met de meest voorkomende storingen en defecten #MANUAl# samen met de instructies over hun opplosinge. Zelfs als je zelf niet kan om het probleem op te lossen, zal de instructie je de weg wijzen naar verdere andere procedure, bijv. door contact met de klantenservice of het dichtstbijzijnde servicecentrum.
