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Net opia ® R2121 Du al Anal og R outer User’s Refer ence Guide.
C o p yright Copyright 1998, Netopia, Inc. v .1298 All rights reser ved. Printed in the U.S.A. This manual and any associated ar twork, software and pr oduct designs are copyrighted with all rights reser ved. Under the copyright laws such materials may not be copied, in whole or par t, without the prior written consent of Netopia, Inc.
G B Configuration options for your Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router.. 1 1. Small Of fice connection to the Inter net ........................... 2 2. Small Of fice connection to the Inter net ........................... 3 3. Direct Connection to a Corporate Of fice (T elecommuter) .
ii User’ s Reference Guide Configuring TCP/IP on Windows 95, 98, or NT computers ........................................................... 3-9 Configuring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers ........ 3-13 Chapter 4 — Monitoring with Smar tView .....
Contents iii G Easy Setup Security.............................................. 7-6 Chapter 8 — W AN and System Configuration ............................. 8-1 Creating a new Connection Pr ofile ................................... 8-2 Viewing or editing connection profiles .
iv User’ s Reference Guide Network Address T ranslation guidelines ............... 10-5 IP setup ...................................................................... 10-6 IP subnets ....................................................... 10-10 Static routes .
Contents v G Chapter 13 — Monitoring T ools ............................................... 13-1 Quick View status over view .......................................... 13-1 General Status ................................................... 13-2 Cur rent Status .
vi User’ s Reference Guide IPX packet filters .............................................. 14-23 IPX packet filter sets ........................................ 14-24 IPX SAP filters .................................................. 14-26 IPX SAP filter sets .
Contents vii G Uploading configuration files ............................. 15-12 Restar ting the system ................................................ 15-13 Part III: Appendixes Appendix A — Troubleshooting ......................................
viii User’ s Reference Guide Example: Working with a Class C subnet ................ C-5 Distributing IP addresses ............................................... C-5 T echnical note on subnet masking ......................... C-6 Configuration ...
Contents ix G Index .................................................................................. Index-1 Limited W arranty and Limitation of Remedies .
x User’ s Reference Guide.
Configuration options for your Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router The Netopia R2121 can be used in dif ferent ways depending on your needs. In general, you will probably want to use it in one or mor e of the following ways: (Click on one of these links) ■ “1.
1. Small Office connection to the Internet For Small Of fice connections to the Inter net, using a single dynamic IP address with Network Address T ranslation (NA T) enabled, you should use the following configuration option: ■ the Smar tStar t™ Wizar d, included on your Netopia R2121 CD.
2. Small Office connection to the Internet For Small Of fice connections to the Inter net, using a block of IP addresses (Network Addr ess T ranslation disabled), you should use the following configuration tool: ■ Easy Setup configuration using console-based management.
3. Dir ect Connection to a Corporate Office (T elecommuter) For direct connections to a Corporate Of fice, you can use either one of two configuration options: ■ If you will be using Network Address T ranslation, use the Smar tStar t™ Wizar d, included on your Netopia R2121 CD.
4. Configur ed to accept incoming dial-up connections T o configure the Netopia R2121 to accept incoming dial-up connections, you should use the following configuration method: ■ T o create one or more dial-in Connection Pr ofiles for each dial-in user , see “Creating a new Connection Profile” on page 8-2 .
5. Configur ed for two onboard and one external modem on the Auxiliar y port T o configure the Netopia R2121 to use the two onboard modems and a thir d exter nal modem on the Auxiliar y serial por t, you should use the following configuration options.
P P P P a a a a r r r r t t t t II I I : : : : G G G G e e e e t t t t t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g S S S S t t t t a a a a r r r r t t t t e e e e d d d d.
User’ s Reference Guide.
Introduction 1-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 II I I n n n n t t t t r r r r o o o o d d d d u u u u c c c c t t t t ii i i o o o o n n n n Overview The Netopia R212.
1-2 User’ s Reference Guide network by using Network Address T ranslation and a single IP address. ■ Smar tPhone™ allows the router to shar e telephone lines with analog telephones or facsimile machines, saving the cost of adding separate telephone lines for these devices.
Making the Physical Connections 2-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 2 2 2 2 M M M M a a a a k k k k ii i i n n n n g g g g t t t t h h h h e e e e P P P P h h h h y y y y s s s.
2-2 User’ s Reference Guide Windows and Macintosh, ZT er m ter minal emulator software and NCSA T elnet 2.6 for Macintosh Y ou will need: ■ A Windows 95-based PC or a Macintosh with Ethernet connectivity for configuring the Netopia R2121. This may be built-in Ethernet or an add-on car d, with TCP/IP installed and configur ed.
Making the Physical Connections 2-3 If you have two phone lines on a single wall outlet, this is the only T elco connection you need to make. The pinout configuration for the lines on the T elco 1 por t is shown in the following diagram: Y our first T elco number is car ried on the inner pair and the second number on the outer pair .
2-4 User’ s Reference Guide Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router Back Panel Ports The figure below displays the back of the Netopia R2121 with Dual Analog.
Making the Physical Connections 2-5 The following table describes all the Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router back panel por ts. Por t Description Power por t a mini-DIN8 power adapter cable connection. T elco 1 por t a red RJ-11 telephone jack labelled “T elco 1".
2-6 User’ s Reference Guide Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router Status Lights The figure below r epresents the Netopia R2121 status light (LED) panel. Netopia R2121 LED front panel The following table summarizes the meaning of the various LED states and colors: When this happens.
Making the Physical Connections 2-7 when link is detected 14 though 21 are solid gr een . when data is received on their r espective por ts 14 though 21 flash green When this happens.
2-8 User’ s Reference Guide.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 3 3 3 3 S S S S e e e e t t t t t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g u u u u p p p p y y y y o o.
3-2 User’ s Reference Guide Notes: • The computer running Smar tStar t must be on the same Ether net cable segment as the Netopia R2121. Repeaters, such as 10Base-T hubs between your computer and the Netopia R2121, are acceptable, but devices such as switches or other routers ar e not.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-3 Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard The Smar tStar t Wizard is tailor ed for your platfor m, but it works the same way on either a PC or a Macintosh. Inser t the Netopia CD, and in the desktop navigation screen that appears, launch the Smar tStar t Wizar d application.
3-4 User’ s Reference Guide Easy option When the test succeeds, Smar tStar t indicates success. If the test fails, the wizard displays an er r or screen. If the test fails, check the following: ■ Check your cable connections. Be sure you have connected the r outer and the computer properly , using the cor rect cables.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-5 When the test is successful, you will see the “Manual or Automated Connection Profile scr een,” shown below . If you select ISP Automation , Smar tStar t of fers you the option of choosing one of several Netopia ISP par tners that suppor t the Netopia R2121.
3-6 User’ s Reference Guide with: ■ Y our dial-up number , sometimes refer r ed to as an ISP POP number ■ Y our Login name and Passwor d. (These are case-sensitive.) Note: Y our ISP may pr ovide you with additional values such as “Remote IP Gateway” or “Subnet Mask.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-7 In most cases, this Smar tStar t configuration is all that you need to get your router up and r unning and connected to the Internet. However, you may want to take advantage of additional features or special configuration options available through the console-based configuration inter face.
3-8 User’ s Reference Guide Advanced option Router IP Address scr een. If you selected the Advanced option in the “Easy or Advanced options screen” on page 3-4 , Smar tStar t asks you to choose between entering the router’s cur r ent IP address and assigning an IP address to the r outer .
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-9 Sharing the Connection Configuring TCP/IP on Windows 95, 98, or NT computers Configuring TCP/IP on a Windows computer requir es the following: ■ An Ethernet car d (also known as a network adapter) ■ The TCP/IP protocol must be “bound” to the adapter or car d New IP Address scr een.
3-10 User’ s Reference Guide Dynamic configuration (recommended) If you configure your Netopia R2121 using Smar tStar t, you can accept the dynamic IP addr ess assigned by your router . The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) ser ver , which enables dynamic addressing, is enabled by default in the router .
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-11 Static configuration (optional) If you are manually configuring for a fixed or static IP addr ess, per for m the following: 1. Go to Star t Menu/Settings/Control Panels and double click the Network icon.
4. Click OK in this window , and the next window . When pr ompted, reboot the computer . Note: Y ou can also use these instr uctions to configur e other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses. Be sur e each computer on your network has its own IP address.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-13 Configuring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers The following is a quick guide to configuring TCP/IP for MacOS computers. Configuring TCP/IP in a Macintosh computer requir es the following: ■ Y ou must have either Open T ranspor t or Classic Networking (MacTCP) installed.
3-14 User’ s Reference Guide Static configuration (optional) 3. In the TCP/IP window or in the MacTCP/More window , select or type information into the fields as shown in the following table. 4. Close the TCP/IP or MacTCP control panel and save the settings.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-15 Dynamic configuration using MacIP (optional) If you want to use MacIP to dynamically assign IP addresses to the Macintosh computers on your network you must install the optional AppleT alk feature set kit.
3-16 User’ s Reference Guide Using Classic Networking (MacTCP) 1. Go to the Apple Menu. Select Control Panels and then Network . 2. In the Network window , select EtherT alk . 3. Go back to the Apple menu. Select Control Panels and then MacTCP . 4. Select EtherT alk .
Monitoring with SmartView 4-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 4 4 4 4 M M M M o o o o n n n n ii i i t t t t o o o o r r r r ii i i n n n n g g g g w w w w ii i i t t t t h h h.
4-2 User’ s Reference Guide Navigating SmartV iew Y ou access the Smar tView monitor by launching your web br owser and entering the URL: “http:// router_IP_Addr ess /smar tview .
Monitoring with SmartView 4-3 Connection Pr ofiles page The Connection Profiles page displays the cur r ently active Connection Profile, and any alter nate pr ofiles you may have created. Y ou can switch from one Connection Profile to another by disconnecting fr om one, and connecting to another .
4-4 User’ s Reference Guide Device Event History page W AN Event History page.
Monitoring with SmartView 4-5 Standard HTML W eb-based monitoring pages Y ou can also view Connection Pr ofile infor mation and Event Histories in the web-based monitoring pages. These pages are pr ovided for users without Java-enabled browsers. Unlike the Smar tView pages, they ar e not dynamically updated.
4-6 User’ s Reference Guide.
Connecting Y our Local Area Network 5-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 5 5 5 5 C C C C o o o o n n n n n n n n e e e e c c c c t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g Y Y Y Y o o o o u.
5-2 User’ s Reference Guide Application software: This is the softwar e you use to send e-mail, browse the World Wide W eb, read newsgroups, etc. These applications may r equire some configuration. Examples include the Eudora e-mail client, and the web browsers Micr osoft Internet Explor er and Netscape Navigator .
Connecting Y our Local Area Network 5-3 Connecting to an Ethernet network The Netopia R2121 suppor ts Ether net connections through its eight Ether net por ts. The Router automatically detects which Ethernet por t is in use. Y ou can connect either 10Base-T or EtherW ave Ether net networks to the Netopia R2121.
5-4 User’ s Reference Guide 10Base-T Y ou can connect a standar d 10Base-T Ether net network to the Netopia R2121 using any of its available Ethernet por ts.
Connecting Y our Local Area Network 5-5 ■ If you add devices connected through a hub, connect the hub to Ether net por t number 1 on the Netopia R2121 and set the Nor mal/Uplink switch to Uplink. When there are no more free ports on the 10Base-T hub, the network can be extended using EtherW ave, a daisy-chainable Ethernet solution from Farallon.
5-6 User’ s Reference Guide For pinout infor mation on the HD-15 to DB-25 modem cable, see “Pinouts for Auxiliar y Por t Modem Cable,” in Appendix G, “T echnical Specifications and Safety Infor mation.
Connecting Y our Local Area Network 5-7 Wiring guidelines for PhoneNET cabling Note: Make sure you do not connect your LocalT alk network to a T elco por t or a POTS (Phone 1 and 2) por t. For detailed configuration instr uctions see “AppleT alk Setup” on page 12-1 .
5-8 User’ s Reference Guide.
P P P P a a a a r r r r t t t t II I I II I I : : : : A A A A d d d d v v v v a a a a n n n n c c c c e e e e d d d d C C C C o o o o n n n n f f f f ii i i g g g g u u u u r r r r a a a a t t t t ii .
User’ s Reference Guide.
Console-based Management 6-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 6 6 6 6 C C C C o o o o n n n n s s s s o o o o ll l l e e e e - - - - b b b b a a a a s s s s e e e e d d d d M M .
6-2 User’ s Reference Guide using the router to connect to mor e than one ser vice provider or r emote site. ■ The System Configuration menus display and per mit changing: ■ Network Protocols Setup. See “IP Setup, Smar tIP and Network Addr ess T ranslation” on page 10-1 .
Console-based Management 6-3 Configuring T elnet software If you are configuring your r outer using a T elnet session, your computer must be r unning a T elnet software program. ■ If you connect a PC with Microsoft Windows, you can use a Windows T elnet application or simply r un T elnet from the Star t menu.
6-4 User’ s Reference Guide Launch your ter minal emulation software and configur e the communications software for the following values. These are the default communication parameters that the Netopia R2121 uses.
Easy Setup 7-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 7 7 7 7 E E E E a a a a s s s s y y y y S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p This chapter describes how to use the Easy Setup console screens on your Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router.
7-2 User’ s Reference Guide A screen similar to the following appears: If you do not see the Main Menu, verify that: ■ the computer used to view the console screen has its serial por t connected to the Netopia R2121’s “Console” por t or an Ether net connection to one of its Ethernet por ts.
Easy Setup 7-3 Beginning Easy Setup T o begin Easy Setup, select Easy Setup in the Main Menu, then press Retur n. The Easy Setup Profile scr een appears.
7-4 User’ s Reference Guide The default address is 0.0.0.0, which allows for dynamic addr essing, when your ISP assigns an address each time you connect.
Easy Setup 7-5 1. Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the first IP addr ess from the IP addr ess range your ISP has given you. This will be the Netopia Router’s IP address.
7-6 User’ s Reference Guide 7. If IP Address Ser ving is On , select Number of Client IP Addr esses . Then enter the number of available host addresses for the Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router to allocate to the client computers on your network. This number defaults to the balance of the subnet addresses above the Netopia Router’s address.
W AN and System Configuration 8-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 8 8 8 8 W W W W A A A A N N N N a a a a n n n n d d d d S S S S y y y y s s s s t t t t e e e e m m m m C C C.
8-2 User’ s Reference Guide Cr eating a new Connection Profile Connection Profiles define the telephone and networking pr otocols necessar y for the router to make a r emote connection.
W AN and System Configuration 8-3 4. T oggle or enter any IP Parameters you requir e and retur n to the Add Connection Profile scr een by pressing Escape. For more infor mation, see “IP Setup, Smar tIP and Network Addr ess T ranslation” on page 10-1 .
8-4 User’ s Reference Guide 7. Select Datalink Options and press Retur n. The Datalink Options screen appears. Y ou can accept the defaults, or change them if you wish.
W AN and System Configuration 8-5 The Channel Usage pop-up menu allows you to choose how many lines your connections may use, and whether or not they are pr eemptable. Suppor ted options are: Return to the Add Connection Pr ofile screen by pr essing Escape.
8-6 User’ s Reference Guide ■ add an alternate number to use if the first number fails to connect ■ change any of the default parameter settings When you are finished with these entries, pr ess Escape to retur n to the Add Connection Profile screen.
W AN and System Configuration 8-7 Select the connection profile you want to view or edit and pr ess Return. The pr ofile is displayed, and you can change any of the parameters.
8-8 User’ s Reference Guide System Configuration scr eens Y ou can connect to the Netopia R2121’s System Configuration scr eens: ■ Using T elnet with the Router’s Ethernet por t IP address .
W AN and System Configuration 8-9 2. Select the Network Protocols item in the System Configuration screen and pr ess Retur n. 3. Select the IP Setup item in the Network Protocols Setup scr een and press Retur n. T o go back in this sequence of screens, use the Escape key .
8-10 User’ s Reference Guide T o access the System Configuration screens, select System Configuration in the Main Menu, then press Return. The System Configuration Menu screen appears: Datalink L.
W AN and System Configuration 8-11 Network Pr otocols Setup These screens allow you to configur e your network’s use of the standard networking pr otocols: ■ IP: details are given in “IP Setup, Smar tIP and Network Addr ess T ranslation” on page 10-1 .
8-12 User’ s Reference Guide 1. Select Current Date and enter the date in the appr opriate for mat. Use one- or two-digit numbers for the month and day , and the last two digits of the cur r ent year . The date’s numbers must be separated by for ward slashes (/).
W AN and System Configuration 8-13 SNMP (Simple Network Management Pr otocol) These screens allow you to monitor and configur e your network by means of a standard Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent. ■ Details are given in “SNMP” on page 13-13 .
8-14 User’ s Reference Guide By default, all events are logged in the event histor y . ■ By toggling each event descriptor either Ye s or No , you can deter mine which ones are logged and which ar e ignored. ■ Y ou can enable or disable the syslog client dynamically .
W AN and System Configuration 8-15 The following screen shows a sample syslog dump of WAN events: Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com Link 1 down: PPP PAP failure Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.com >>Issued Speech Setup Request from our DN: 5108645534 Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.
8-16 User’ s Reference Guide.
Managing V oice and Data Calls 9-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 9 9 9 9 M M M M a a a a n n n n a a a a g g g g ii i i n n n n g g g g V V V V o o o o ii i i c c c c e e e e.
9-2 User’ s Reference Guide Specifying telephone connections You can configure telephone connections in the W AN Configuration scr een under the Main Menu . Select W AN (Wide Ar ea Network) Setup . The Internal Modem Configuration screen appears.
Managing V oice and Data Calls 9-3 requir e a prefix for an outside line. ■ Enter the optional telephone or Director y Numbers for the two onboar d modems to provide the Netopia R2121 with the infor mation needed to establish a two-channel call using MP or BAP .
9-4 User’ s Reference Guide infor mation on how to use the optional AppleT alk feature set. Netopia R2121 back panel For external modem applications, the Data Rate pop-up of fers a variety of clock rates from 9600 to 230 Kbps. The default is 57.6 kbps.
Managing V oice and Data Calls 9-5 If an incoming call is not requir ed to match a connection profile, and fails to do so, it is accepted as a standar d IP connection. Accepted, unmatched calls adopt the call parameter values set in the Default Answer Profile.
9-6 User’ s Reference Guide CNA works by checking the calling number that the Netopia Router receives during the initial setup phase of an incoming call against a set of stored numbers. Each number in the stor ed set is defined in a specific connection profile.
Managing V oice and Data Calls 9-7 Call acceptance scenarios The following are a few common call acceptance scenarios and infor mation on how to configur e the Netopia R2121 for those purposes. ■ T o accept all calls, regar dless of whether they match a connection profile: ■ T oggle Must Match a Defined Profile to No .
9-8 User’ s Reference Guide Viewing scheduled connections T o display a table of view-only scheduled connections, select Display/Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen. Each scheduled connection occupies one r ow of the table.
Managing V oice and Data Calls 9-9 The other columns show: ■ The time of day that the connection will Begin At ■ The duration of the connection ( HH:MM ) ■ Whether it’s a recur ring Weekly connection or used Once Only ■ Which connection profile ( Conn.
9-10 User’ s Reference Guide Only from the pop-up menu. ■ The Schedule Type item directly below How Often allows you to set the type of schedule. Options are:. ■ If How Often is set to W eekly , the item directly below Schedule Type r eads Set W eekly Schedule .
Managing V oice and Data Calls 9-11 1:3 (or 1:03) would be accepted as 3 minutes after one o’clock. The entr y 7:0 (or 7:00) would be accepted as seven o’clock, exactly . The entries 44, :5, and 2: would be r ejected. ■ Select AM or PM and choose AM or PM from the pop-up menu.
9-12 User’ s Reference Guide connection. Use the same for mat restrictions noted above. Y ou ar e finished configuring the once-only options. Return to the Add Scheduled Connection scr een to continue.
Managing V oice and Data Calls 9-13 T o enable call accounting, follow these steps: 1. Select Enable Call Accounting and toggle it to On . 2. Select Day for auto-reset of timers and enter the day of the month for the Router to reset the Call Account- ing Statistics.
9-14 User’ s Reference Guide Once you have enabled Call Accounting, you can specify per-connection profile limits in the T elco Options for each profile. Go to: V iewing call accounting statistics T o view call accounting statistics, go to the Statistics & Logs screen fr om the Main Menu and select Call Accounting Statistics .
Managing V oice and Data Calls 9-15 The Call Accounting Statistics screen appears. If you select Aggregate Statistics , the following scr een appears. ■ T otal First Minutes displays the total number of first minutes of outbound calls placed during the recor ding inter val.
9-16 User’ s Reference Guide enabled, the message will read, Aggr egate Not Enforced. ■ Trigger Date (MDY) displays the date, in month, day , year format, when the call accounting begins. ■ Y ou can r eset the counters by selecting RESET AGGREGA TE MINUTE COUNTERS .
IP Setup, SmartIP and Network Address T ranslation 10-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 II I I P P P P S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p ,, , , S S S S m .
10-2 User’ s Reference Guide Network Address T ranslation works by remapping the sour ce IP addr ess of traf fic from the LAN to a single static or dynamically assigned IP address shown to the r emote side of the router . The feature can be implemented on a per Connection Pr ofile basis.
IP Setup, SmartIP and Network Address T ranslation 10-3 Using Network Addr ess T ranslation The following procedur e describes how to use Network Address T ranslation. 1. Pick a network number for your local network (refer r ed to as the inter nal network).
10-4 User’ s Reference Guide Profile scr een. Y ou access the Addr ess T ranslation option from the IP Profile Parameters menu. Select the Local W AN IP Addr ess field. The default address is 0.0.0.0, which allows for dynamic addressing, meaning that your ISP assigns an addr ess each time you connect.
IP Setup, SmartIP and Network Address T ranslation 10-5 Internal users can access the Inter net as they always do; the exter nal Inter net, however , views all traf fic from the internal network as originating fr om 192.163.100.6. Similarly , all traf fic your network r eceives is addressed to 192.
10-6 User’ s Reference Guide expor ted, you can have Web ser vers on two dif fer ent IP hosts. ■ If you will be using multiple Connection Profiles, define the r emote IP address of the most accessible profile, such as that for your ISP , to the default IP gateway in the TCP/IP settings on users’ workstations.
IP Setup, SmartIP and Network Address T ranslation 10-7 Follow these steps to configure IP Setup for your Netopia R2121: ■ Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the IP address for the Netopia R2121’s Ether net por t. ■ Select Ethernet Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask for the Ethernet IP Addr ess that you entered in the last step.
10-8 User’ s Reference Guide ■ Select Add Expor t . The Add Expor ted Ser vice screen appears. ■ Select Ser vice . A pop-up menu of ser vices and por ts appears. 5. Select any of the ser vices/por ts and press Retur n to associate it with the addr ess of a ser ver on your local area network.
IP Setup, SmartIP and Network Address T ranslation 10-9 Press the Escape key when you ar e finished configuring Expor ted Ser vices to go back to the IP Setup screen. Follow these steps to configure IP Setup for your Corporate Netopia R2121: ■ Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the IP address for the Netopia R2121’s Ether net por t.
10-10 User’ s Reference Guide v2 routers. ■ If you want the Netopia R2121 to adver tise its routing table to other r outers via RIP , select Transmit RIP and select v1 , v2 (broadcast) , or v2 (multicast) from the popup menu. With Transmit RIP v1 selected, the Netopia R2121 will generate RIP packets only to other RIP v1 routers.
IP Setup, SmartIP and Network Address T ranslation 10-11 par ticular row and the subnet mask for the subnet in the Subnet Mask field in that row . For example: ■ T o delete a configured subnet, set both the IP addr ess and subnet mask values to 0.
10-12 User’ s Reference Guide If you have configured multiple Ether net IP subnets, the IP Setup screen changes slightly: The IP address and Subnet mask items ar e hidden, and the “Define Additional Subnets...” item becomes “Subnet Configuration.
IP Setup, SmartIP and Network Address T ranslation 10-13 Viewing static r outes T o display a view-only table of static routes, select Display/Change Static Route in the Static Routes screen. The table has the following columns: Dest. Network: The network IP address of the destination network.
10-14 User’ s Reference Guide Priority: An indication whether the Netopia R2121 will use the static route when it conflicts with infor mation received fr om RIP packets. Enabled: An indication whether the static route should be installed in the IP r outing table.
IP Setup, SmartIP and Network Address T ranslation 10-15 Metric appears below Adver tise Route Via RIP . With RIP Metric you set the number of routers, fr om 1 to 15, between the sending router and the destination router . The maximum number of routers on a packet’s r oute is 15.
10-16 User’ s Reference Guide IP addr ess ser ving In addition to being a router , the Netopia R2121 is also an IP address ser ver . There ar e four protocols it can use to distribute IP addresses.
IP Setup, SmartIP and Network Address T ranslation 10-17 T o go to the IP Address Ser ving scr een, select IP Address Ser ving in the System Configuration scr een and press Retur n.
10-18 User’ s Reference Guide DHCP NetBIOS Options If your network uses NetBIOS, you can enable the Netopia R2121 to use DHCP to distribute NetBIOS infor mation. NetBIOS stands for Network Basic Input/Output System. It is a layer of software originally developed by IBM and Sytek to link a network operating system with specific hardwar e.
IP Setup, SmartIP and Network Address T ranslation 10-19 toggle it to Ye s . ■ From the NetBIOS Type pop-up menu, select the type of NetBIOS used on your network. ■ T o ser ve DHCP clients with the NetBIOS scope, select Ser ve NetBIOS Scope and toggle it to Ye s .
10-20 User’ s Reference Guide The Ser ved IP Addresses scr een appears. T o release these addr esses, select Lease Management . Select Release BootP Leases and press Retur n. For more lease management infor mation see “Ser ved IP Addr esses” on page 13-11 .
IP Setup, SmartIP and Network Address T ranslation 10-21 MacIP (Kip Forwarding) Options When hosts using AppleT alk (typically those using LocalT alk) ar e not directly connected to an IP network (usually an Ethernet), they must use a MacIP (AppleT alk-IP) gateway .
10-22 User’ s Reference Guide.
IPX Setup 11-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II I I P P P P X X X X S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) is the network pr otocol used by Novell NetW are networks. This chapter shows you how to configure the Netopia R2121 for r outing data using IPX.
11-2 User’ s Reference Guide IPX addr ess An IPX address consists of a network number , a node number , and a socket number . An IPX network number is composed of eight hexadecimal digits. The network number must be the same for all nodes on a par ticular physical network segment.
IPX Setup 11-3 The following is a list of common SAP ser ver types: NetBIOS NetBIOS is a protocol that per for ms tasks related to the T ranspor t and Session layers of the OSI model. It can operate over IPX, using a special broadcast packet known as “IPX Packet type 20” to communicate with IPX NetBIOS ser vers.
11-4 User’ s Reference Guide T o go to the IPX Setup screen, fr om the Main Menu select System Configuration and then select Network Protocols Setup and then select IPX Setup . Note: If you have completed Easy Setup, the infor mation you have already enter ed will appear in the IP Setup options screen.
IPX Setup 11-5 7. Select Default Gateway Address , and enter the network address of the IPX network to which all packets of unknown destination address should be r outed. Note: The Default Gateway Address is usually set up to match the IPX Addr ess in your network Connection Profile.
11-6 User’ s Reference Guide T o configure IPX r outing in the answer profile, select IPX Parameters and go to the IPX Parameters (Default Answer Profile) scr een. The items in this screen ar e similar to the IPX Profile Parameters items of the same name (see page 11-5 ).
IPX Setup 11-7 IPX r outing tables IPX routing tables pr ovide infor mation on cur rent IPX r outes and ser vices. T o go to the IPX Routing T able screen, select IPX Routing T able in the Routing T ables scr een. This table shows detailed infor mation about cur rent IPX network r outes.
11-8 User’ s Reference Guide.
AppleT alk Setup 12-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 A A A A p p p p p p p p ll l l e e e e T T T T a a a a ll l l k k k k S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p .
12-2 User’ s Reference Guide If the cabling of your network were a str eet system, then a node address would cor r espond to a building’s street addr ess. Node addresses ar e not per manent. Each AppleT alk device determines its node addr ess at star tup.
AppleT alk Setup 12-3 MacIP When Macintosh computers encapsulate TCP/IP packets in AppleT alk, either because they are on LocalT alk or they are on EtherT alk for administrative reasons, they must use the ser vices of a MacIP gateway .
12-4 User’ s Reference Guide Y ou should set the Netopia R2121’s seeding action to work best in your par ticular network envir onment. These scenarios may guide you in deciding how to set the router’s seeding: ■ If the Netopia R2121 is the only router on your network, you must set it to either har d seeding or soft seeding.
AppleT alk Setup 12-5 The Netopia Feature Set Upgrade scr een appears. Follow the instr uctions to enable AppleT alk on your router . Once AppleT alk is enabled, you can configur e your network as described in the following sections.
12-6 User’ s Reference Guide Configuring AppleT alk AppleT alk setup for Netopia R2121s consists of configuring EtherT alk, LocalT alk, and AURP . EtherT alk Setup T o go to the EtherT alk Setup options screen, select Network Protocols Setup and then select AppleT alk Setup in the System Configuration screen.
AppleT alk Setup 12-7 EtherT alk Phase II por t is visible to other AppleT alk nodes. The default zone is also where new AppleT alk nodes will appear . If you do not set a default zone, the first zone you create will be the default zone. ■ Y ou can also set the range of EtherT alk Phase II network numbers.
12-8 User’ s Reference Guide As an alternative, you can set LocalT alk seeding to soft seeding and let the Netopia R2121 receive the zone name and network number from the other r outer . ■ Select LocalT alk Network Number and enter the desired network number .
AppleT alk Setup 12-9 Site A has an AURP tunnel to site B. Both sides have multiple zones defined on the EtherT alk por t and a unique zone on their LocalT alk por ts.
12-10 User’ s Reference Guide Deleting an AURP partner ■ T o delete an AURP par tner , select Delete Par tner in the AURP Setup screen and pr ess Retur n to display a table of existing par tners. Use the Up and Down Ar row keys to select an AURP par tner, then press Return to delete it.
AppleT alk Setup 12-11 Raising the tickle packet inter val does not ensure that the AURP tunnel is dr opped or not brought up. If any application on the local network generates AppleT alk traf fic destined for the network at the remote end of the AURP tunnel, the tunnel remains up.
12-12 User’ s Reference Guide.
Monitoring T ools 13-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 M M M M o o o o n n n n ii i i t t t t o o o o r r r r ii i i n n n n g g g g T T T T o o o o o o o o ll l l s s s s This chapter discusses the Netopia R2121’s device and network monitoring tools.
13-2 User’ s Reference Guide General Status Current Date: The cur r ent date; this can be set with the Date and Time utility (see “Date and Time” on page 8-11 ). Default IP Gateway: The router’s default gateway , which may be either manually configur ed or lear ned via DHCP .
Monitoring T ools 13-3 Curr ent Status The cur rent status section is a table showing the cur r ent status of the WAN. For example: W AN Status Profile Name: Lists the name of the connection pr ofile being used, if any . This field will also indicate if the line is in use for a POTS call.
13-4 User’ s Reference Guide Statistics & Logs When you are tr oubleshooting your Netopia R2121, the Statistics screens pr ovide insight into the recent event activities of the Router . From the Main Menu go to Statistics & Logs and select one of the options described in the sections below .
Monitoring T ools 13-5 installed ■ L T (LocalT alk on the PhoneNET) if the optional AppleT alk featur e set is installed The right side of the table lists the total number of occur rences of each of five types of communication statistics: EN Rx Packets: The number of Ethernet packets r eceived.
13-6 User’ s Reference Guide W AN Event History The W AN Event Histor y screen lists a total of 128 events on the WAN. The most recent events appear at the top. T o go to the W AN Event Histor y screen, select W AN Event History in the Statistics & Logs scr een.
Monitoring T ools 13-7 Date: Date of the event. Event: A brief description of the event. Ch.: The channel involved in the event. Dir . Number: The dir ector y number (number dialed) involved in the event. The first event in each call sequence is marked with double ar rows (>>).
13-8 User’ s Reference Guide T o obtain more infor mation about any event listed in the Device Event Histor y , select the event and then press Return. A dialog box containing mor e infor mation about the selected event will appear . Press Retur n or the Escape key to dismiss the dialog box.
Monitoring T ools 13-9 IP routing table The IP routing table displays all of the IP r outes cur rently known to the Netopia R2121. T o display the IP Routing T able screen, select IP Routing T able in the Statistics & Logs screen and pr ess Return.
13-10 User’ s Reference Guide T o display the AppleT alk Routing T able scr een, select AppleT alk Routing T able in the Statistics & Logs screen and press Retur n. Each row in the AppleT alk routing table cor r esponds to an AppleT alk route or network range.
Monitoring T ools 13-11 Pkts Fwded: The number of packets sent to the router shown. Served IP Addresses Y ou can view all of the IP addr esses cur rently being ser ved by the Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router fr om the Ser ved IP Addresses scr een. From the Statistics & Logs menu, select Ser ved IP Addr esses.
13-12 User’ s Reference Guide The IP Address Lease Management scr een appears. By selecting each of these options you can: ■ Reset all cur rent IP addr esses leased through DHCP without waiting fo.
Monitoring T ools 13-13 System Information The System Infor mation screen gives a summar y view of the general system level values in the Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router. From the Statistics & Logs menu select System Information . The System Infor mation screen appears.
13-14 User’ s Reference Guide The SNMP Setup scr een T o go to the SNMP Setup screen fr om the Main Menu, select SNMP in the System Configuration screen and press Retur n. Follow these steps to configure the first thr ee items in the screen: 1. Select System Name and enter a descriptive name for the Netopia R2121’s SNMP agent.
Monitoring T ools 13-15 By default, the read-only and r ead/write community strings are set to “public” and “private,” r espectively . Y ou should change both of the default community strings to values known only to you and tr usted system adminis- trators.
13-16 User’ s Reference Guide Setting the IP trap receivers 1. Select Add IP Trap Receiver . 2. Select Receiver IP Address or Domain Name . Enter the IP address or domain name of the SNMP manager you want to receive the trap. 3. Select Community String if you enabled one in the SNMP Setup screen, and enter the appr opriate password.
Security 14-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 S S S S e e e e c c c c u u u u r r r r ii i i t t t t y y y y The Netopia R2121 provides a number of security featur es to help protect its configuration scr eens and your local network from unauthorized access.
14-2 User’ s Reference Guide User accounts When you first set up and configure the Netopia R2121, no passwor ds are r equired to access the configuration screens. Anyone could tamper with the r outer’s configuration by simply connecting it to a console.
Security 14-3 T o display a view-only list of user accounts, select Show Users in the Security Options screen. T o add a new user account, select Add User in the Security Options screen and press Retur n to go to the Add Name With Write Access screen.
14-4 User’ s Reference Guide Enable SmartStart/SmartV iew/W eb Server Y ou may wish to r estrict access to the web-based screens to pr event inadver tent switching or connecting and disconnecting of Connection Profiles.
Security 14-5 How filter sets work A filter set acts like a team of customs inspectors. Each filter is an inspector through which incoming and outgoing packages must pass. The inspectors work as a team, but each inspects ever y package individually .
14-6 User’ s Reference Guide If the package does not match the first inspector’s criteria, it goes to the second inspector , and so on. Y ou can see that the order of the inspectors in the line is ver y impor tant.
Security 14-7 How individual filters work As described above, a filter applies criteria to an IP packet and then takes one of three actions: A filter’ s actions ■ Passes the packet to the local.
14-8 User’ s Reference Guide Port numbers A filter can also match a packet’s por t number attributes, but only if the filter’s protocol type is set to TCP or UDP , since only those pr otocols use por t numbers.
Security 14-9 Greater Than or Equal: For the filter to match, the packet’s por t number must be greater than or equal to the por t number specified in the filter . Other filter attributes There ar e three other attributes to each filter: ■ The filter’s order (i.
14-10 User’ s Reference Guide Src. Por t: The source por t to match. This is the por t on the sending host that originated the packet. D. Por t: The destination por t to match. This is the por t on the receiving host for which the packet is intended.
Security 14-11 This four-step process is how we pr oduced the following filter from the original r ule: Filtering example #2 Suppose a filter is configured to block all incoming IP packets with the sour ce IP address of 200.233.14.0, regar dless of the type of connection or its destination.
14-12 User’ s Reference Guide Disadvantages of filters Although using filter sets can greatly enhance network security , there are disadvantages: ■ Filters are complex. Combining them in filter sets intr oduces subtle interactions, increasing the likelihood of implementation er rors.
Security 14-13 The procedur e for creating and maintaining filter sets is as follows: 1. Add a new filter set. 2. Create the filters for the new filter set. 3. View , change, or delete individual filters and filter sets. The sections below explain how to execute these steps.
14-14 User’ s Reference Guide Naming a new filter set All new filter sets have a default name. The first filter set you add will be called Filter Set 1, the next filter will be Filter Set 2, and so on. T o give a new filter set a dif fer ent name, select Filter Set Name and enter a new name for the filter set.
Security 14-15 Input and output filters—source and destination There ar e two kinds of filters you can add to a filter set: input and output. Input filters check packets received from the Inter net, destined for your network. Output filters check packets transmitted from your network to the Internet.
14-16 User’ s Reference Guide 1. T o make the filter active in the filter set, select Enabled and toggle it to Ye s . If Enabled is toggled to No , the filter can still exist in the filter set, but it will have no ef fect.
Security 14-17 10. When you are finished configuring the filter , select ADD THIS FIL TER NOW to save the filter in the filter set. Select CANCEL to discar d the filter .
14-18 User’ s Reference Guide Modifying filter sets T o modify a filter set, select Display/Change Filter Set in the Filter Sets screen to display a list of filter sets. Select a filter set from the list and pr ess Return to go to the Change IP Filter Set scr een.
Security 14-19 The five input filters and one output filter that make up Basic Firewall ar e shown in the table below . Basic Firewall’s filters play the following r oles. Input filters 1 and 2: These block W AN-originated OpenWindows and X-Windows sessions.
14-20 User’ s Reference Guide Basic Firewall is suitable for a LAN containing only client hosts that wish to access ser vers on the WAN, not for a LAN containing ser vers providing ser vices to clients on the W AN. Basic Firewall’s general strategy is to explicitly pass W AN-originated TCP and UDP traf fic to por ts gr eater than 1023.
Security 14-21 FTP sessions. T o allow W AN-originated FTP sessions to a LAN-based FTP ser ver with the IP address a.b.c.d (cor responding to a number ed IP address such as 163.176.8.243), inser t the following input filter ahead of the cur rent input filter 1: ■ Enabled: Y es ■ For ward: Y es ■ Source IP Addr ess: 0.
14-22 User’ s Reference Guide IPX filters IPX packet filters work ver y similarly to IP packet filters. They filter data traf fic coming fr om or going to remote IPX networks. IPX filters can be set up to pass or discard IPX packets based on a number of user-defined criteria.
Security 14-23 The items in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen ar e grouped into four ar eas: ■ IPX packet filters ■ IPX packet filter sets ■ IPX SAP filters ■ IPX SAP filter sets The following sections explain the items in each of these areas.
14-24 User’ s Reference Guide 1. Select Filter Name and enter a descriptive name for the filter . 2. T o specify a source network for the filter to match on, select Sour ce Network and enter an IPX network address. 3. T o specify a source node for the filter to match on, select Sour ce Node Address and enter an IPX node address.
Security 14-25 Follow these steps to configure the new packet filter set: 1. Select Filter Set Name and enter a descriptive name for the filter set. 2. T o change the for warding action of filters in the filter set, select Show Filters/Change Action on Match and press Retur n to go to the Show Filters/Change Actions on Match screen.
14-26 User’ s Reference Guide 3. T o add a filter to the filter set, select Append Filter to display a table of filters. Select a filter from the table and press Retur n to add it to the filter set. The default action of newly added filters is to not for ward packets that match their criteria.
Security 14-27 Adding a SAP filter T o add a new IPX SAP filter , select Add IPX SAP Filter in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen and press Retur n to go to the Add SAP Filter screen. By default, the filter’s socket and type numbers and network and node addresses ar e null (all zeros).
14-28 User’ s Reference Guide Deleting a SAP filter T o delete a SAP filter , select Delete IPX SAP filter in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen to display a table of filters. Select a filter from the table and pr ess Return to delete it. Pr ess the Escape key to exit the table without deleting the filter .
Security 14-29 Select a filter and toggle the entr y for war ding action to Ye s (pass) or No (discar d). 3. T o add a filter to the filter set, select Append Filter to display a table of filters. Select a filter from the table and press Retur n to add it to the filter set.
14-30 User’ s Reference Guide Fir ewall tutorial General Fir ewall T erms Firewall : a component or set of components that r estrict access between a protected network and the Inter net, or between two networks. Host : A workstation on the Network. Packet : Unit of communication on the Internet.
Security 14-31 Example TCP/UDP Ports Fir ewall design rules There ar e two basic r ules to firewall design: ■ “What is not explicitly allowed is denied...” and ■ “What is not explicitly denied is allowed...” The first r ule is far more secur e, and is the best approach to fir ewall design.
14-32 User’ s Reference Guide and a packet goes through these r ules destined for FTP , the packet would pass through the first filter r ule (WWW), match the second r ule (FTP) and the packet is allowed through. Even though the next r ule is to deny all FTP traf fic, the FTP packet will never make it to this r ule.
Security 14-33 Established Connections The TCP header contains one bit called the ACK Bit (or TCP Ack bit). This ACK Bit only appears with TCP , not UDP . The ACK bit is par t of the TCP mechanism that guaranteed the deliver y of data. The ACK bit is set whenever one side of a connection has received data fr om the other side.
14-34 User’ s Reference Guide Example Network Example Filters Example 1 Incoming packet has the source addr ess of 200.1.1.28 Less Than Or Equal Any por t less than or equal to the por t defined Eq.
Security 14-35 This incoming IP packet has a source IP addr ess that matches the network address in the Sour ce IP Address field (00000000) in the Netopia R2121. This will NOT for ward this packet. Example 2 Incoming packet has the source addr ess of 200.
14-36 User’ s Reference Guide Since the Source IP Network Addr ess in the Netopia R2121 is 01100000, and the sour ce IP address after the logical AND is 1011000, this r ule does NOT match and this packet will be passed. Example 4 Incoming packet has the source addr ess of 200.
Security 14-37 Since the Source IP Network Addr ess in the Netopia R2121 is 01100000, and the sour ce IP address after the logical AND is 01100000, this r ule DOES match and this packet will NOT be passed.
14-38 User’ s Reference Guide The Netopia R2121 suppor ts the following user configurations for security authentication: ■ Single user , calling a single destination (single session) ■ Single u.
Security 14-39 2. Select Send Authentication and press Retur n. From the pop-up menu, highlight P AP-TOKEN or CACHE-TOKEN . Y our network administrator or the r emote network administrator will tell you which method to select. If you select P AP-TOKEN, select Send User Name and enter a name for your Netopia R2121.
14-40 User’ s Reference Guide 1. Select Secure Authentication Monitor and pr ess Return. The Secur e Authentication Monitor screen appears. 2. W ait for the call to initiate. 3. From the fields that appear , select Enter P ASSCODE and press Retur n.
Security 14-41 Note: When using CACHE-TOKEN, your passcode is valid for a time inter val deter mined by the network administrator . When this time inter val expir es, you must provide a new passcode for the call negotiation. When using P AP-TOKEN, your passcode is valid for one call negotiation.
14-42 User’ s Reference Guide.
Utilities and Diagnostics 15-1 C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 U U U U t t t t ii i i ll l l ii i i t t t t ii i i e e e e s s s s a a a a n n n n d d d d D D D.
15-2 User’ s Reference Guide Ping The Netopia R2121 includes a standard Ping test utility . A Ping test generates IP packets destined for a par ticular (Ping-capable) IP host. Each time the tar get host receives a Ping packet, it r etur ns a packet to the original sender .
Utilities and Diagnostics 15-3 While the Ping test is r unning, and when it is over , a status field and a number of statistical items are active on the screen. These ar e described below . Status: The cur rent status of the Ping test. This item can display the following messages: Packets Out: The number of packets sent by the Ping test.
15-4 User’ s Reference Guide Packets Lost: The number of packets unaccounted for , shown in total and as a percentage of total packets sent. This statistic may be updated during the Ping test, and may not be accurate until after the test is over .
Utilities and Diagnostics 15-5 T o trace a route, follow these steps: 1. Select Host Name or IP Address and enter the name or addr ess of the destination you want to trace. 2. Select Maximum hops (1..64) to set the maximum number of routers to count between the Netopia Router and the destination router , up to the maximum of 64.
15-6 User’ s Reference Guide The T elnet client screen appears. ■ Enter the host name or the IP address in dotted decimal for mat of the machine you want to telnet into and press Retur n. ■ Either accept the default control character "Q" used to suspend the T elnet session, or type a dif ferent one.
Utilities and Diagnostics 15-7 Disconnect T elnet Console Session If you want to close your T elnet Console session, select Disconnect T elnet Console Session and press Return. A dialog box appears asking you to cancel or continue your selection. If you select Continue , you will immediately ter minate your session.
15-8 User’ s Reference Guide The sections below describe how to update the Router’s fir mware and how to download and upload configuration files. Updating firmwar e Fir mware updates may be available periodically fr om Netopia or from a site maintained by your or ganization’s network administrator .
Utilities and Diagnostics 15-9 name (for example, bigroot/config/myfile). ■ Select Send Firmwar e to Netopia from TFTP Ser ver and pr ess Return. Y ou will see the following dialog box: ■ Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file, or select CONTINUE to download the file.
15-10 User’ s Reference Guide example, bigroot/config/myfile). ■ Select Read Config Now and press Retur n. Y ou will see the following dialog box: ■ Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file, or select CONTINUE to download the file.
Utilities and Diagnostics 15-11 Updating firmwar e Fir mware updates may be available periodically fr om Netopia or from a site maintained by your or ganization’s network administration. The procedur e below applies whether you are using the console or the built-in modems.
15-12 User’ s Reference Guide The system will reset at the end of a successful file transfer to put the new fir mwar e into ef fect. While the system resets, the LEDs will blink on and of f. Caution! Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia R2121 while it is automatically r esetting or it could be damaged.
Utilities and Diagnostics 15-13 1. Decide on a name for the file and a path for saving it. 2. Select Receive Config from Netopia and press Retur n. The following dialog box appears: 3. Select CANCEL to exit without uploading the file, or select CONTINUE to upload the file.
15-14 User’ s Reference Guide.
P P P P a a a a r r r r t t t t II I I II I I II I I : : : : A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x e e e e s s s s.
User’ s Reference Guide.
T roubleshooting A-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x A A A A T T T T r r r r o o o o u u u u b b b b ll l l e e e e s s s s h h h h o o o o o o o o t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g This appendix is intended to help you troubleshoot pr oblems you may encounter while setting up and using the Netopia R2121.
A-2 User’ s Reference Guide SmartStart T r oubleshooting The Status field of the Smar tStar t application will display infor mation and indicate problems as they ar e detected.
T roubleshooting A-3 Power outages If you suspect that power was restor ed after a power outage, and the Netopia R2121 is connected to a remote site, you may need to switch the Netopia R2121 of f and then back on again. After temporar y power outages, a connection that still seems to be up may actually be disconnected.
A-4 User ’ s Refe r ence Guide Phone: 1 800-782-6449 Fax: 1 510-814-5023 Netopia, Inc. Customer Se r vice 2470 Mariner Squa r e Loop Alameda, Califo r nia 94501 USA Netopia Bulletin Boa r d Se r vic.
Setting Up Internet Services B-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x B B B B S S S S e e e e t t t t t t t t ii i i n n n n g g g g U U U U p p p p II I I n n n n t t t t e .
B-2 User’ s Reference Guide Unique r equirements Make sure the ISP can meet any unique r equirements you may have. Potential r equirements include: ■ Dynamic or static IP addressing ■ Class C IP.
Setting Up Internet Services B-3 Consider expected growth in your network when deciding on the number of addr esses to obtain. Alternatively , you may use the Network Address T ranslation feature of Smar tIP . SmartIP™ The Netopia R2121 with Dual Analog suppor ts the Smar tIP™ feature which includes Network Addr ess T ranslation.
B-4 User’ s Reference Guide in the address block ■ The Ethernet IP addr ess for your Netopia R2121 ■ The Ethernet IP subnet mask addr ess for your Netopia R2121 ■ The Default Gateway IP Addres.
Understanding IP Addressing C-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x C C C C U U U U n n n n d d d d e e e e r r r r s s s s t t t t a a a a n n n n d d d d ii i i n n n n g .
C-2 User’ s Reference Guide IP addresses indicate both the identity of the network and the identity of the individual host on the network. The number of bits used for the network number and the number of bits used for the host number can var y , as long as cer tain r ules ar e followed.
Understanding IP Addressing C-3 Subnet masks T o create subnets, the network manager must define a subnet mask, a 32-bit number that indicates which bits in an IP address ar e used for network and subnetwork addresses, and which ar e used for host addresses.
C-4 User’ s Reference Guide Network configuration Below is a diagram of a simple network configuration. The ISP is providing a Class C addr ess to the customer site, and both networks A and B want to gain Internet access thr ough this address. Netopia R2121 B connects to Netopia R2121 A and is provided Inter net access through Routers A and B.
Understanding IP Addressing C-5 Background The IP Addresses and r outing configurations for the devices shown in the diagram are outlined below . In addition, each individual field and its meaning are described.
C-6 User’ s Reference Guide There ar e two schemes for distributing the remaining IP addr esses: ■ Manually give each computer an address ■ Let the Netopia R2121 automatically distribute the add.
Understanding IP Addressing C-7 Configuration This section describes the specific IP address lease, r enew , and r elease mechanisms for both the Mac and PC, with either DHCP or MacIP address ser ving. DHCP Address Serving Windows 95 Workstation: ■ The Win95 workstation requests and r enews its lease ever y half hour .
C-8 User’ s Reference Guide one hour after the last heard lease r equest as some other DHCP implementations may hold on to the lease for an additional time after the lease expired, to act as a buf fer for variances in clocks between the client and ser ver .
Understanding IP Addressing C-9 In any situation where a device is dialing into a Netopia r outer , the router may need to be configured to ser ve IP via the W AN inter face. This is only a requir ement if the calling device has not been configured locally to know what its address(es) ar e.
C-10 User’ s Reference Guide The figure above shows an example of a block of IP addr esses being distributed cor rectly . The example follows these r ules: ■ An IP address must not be used as a static addr ess if it is also in a range of addresses being distributed by DHCP or MacIP .
Understanding IP Addressing C-11 Nested IP subnets Under cer tain situations, you may wish to create r emote subnets from the limited number of IP addr esses issued by your ISP or other authority . Y ou can do this using connection profiles. These subnets can be nested within the range of IP addresses available to your network.
C-12 User’ s Reference Guide Routers B and C (which could also be Netopia R2121s) ser ve the two remote networks that ar e subnets of a.b.c.0. The subnetting is accomplished by configuring the Netopia R2121 with connection profiles for Routers B and C (see the following table).
Understanding IP Addressing C-13 The following diagram illustrates the IP address space taken up by the two r emote IP subnets. Y ou can see fr om the diagram why the ter m nested is appropriate for describing these subnets.
C-14 User’ s Reference Guide.
Understanding Netopia NA T Behavior D-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x D D D D U U U U n n n n d d d d e e e e r r r r s s s s t t t t a a a a n n n n d d d d ii i i n .
D-2 User’ s Reference Guide When the Netopia R2121 establishes a connection over its W AN inter face with another r outer it uses the Point to Point Protocol (PPP).
Understanding Netopia NA T Behavior D-3 When the Netopia R2121 receives this IP packet, it can not simply for war d it to the WAN inter face and the Internet since the IP addr esses on the LAN inter face ar e not valid or globally unique for the Inter net.
D-4 User’ s Reference Guide As you can see, when Workstation A and W orkstation B transmit an IP packet to the WWW Ser ver on the Internet, they have unique sour ce IP addr esses on the LAN inter face but potentially the same sour ce por ts, which in this case is 400.
Understanding Netopia NA T Behavior D-5 With this infor mation the Netopia R2121 can deter mine the appropriate r outing for an IP response fr om the Internet.
D-6 User’ s Reference Guide Important notes Even with the advantages of NA T , there are several things you should note car efully: ■ There is no for mally agr eed upon method among router vendors to handle an all-zer os IPCP request.
Understanding Netopia NA T Behavior D-7 T oggling Address T ranslation Enabled to Y es enables the Netopia R2121 to send out an all-zeros IPCP address that requests an IP to be assigned to the Netopia R2121’s WAN inter face. Note that the r emote IP address is 127.
D-8 User’ s Reference Guide Within Expor ted Ser vices is a pop-up containing a list of well known TCP and UDP ser vices that can be redir ected to a single host on the Netopia R2121’s LAN inter face. There is also an “Other ...” option which allows for manual configuration of additional TCP or UDP por ts.
Binary Conversion T able E-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x E E E E B B B B ii i i n n n n a a a a r r r r y y y y C C C C o o o o n n n n v v v v e e e e r r r r s s s.
E-2 User’ s Reference Guide Decimal Binar y Decimal Binar y Decimal Binar y Decimal Binar y 128 10000000 160 10100000 192 11000000 224 11100000 129 10000001 161 10100001 193 11000001 225 11100001 13.
Further Reading F-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x F F F F F F F F u u u u r r r r t t t t h h h h e e e e r r r r R R R R e e e e a a a a d d d d ii i i n n n n g g g g Angell, David. ISDN for Dummies , Foster City , CA: IDG Books Worldwide, 1995.
F-2 User’ s Reference Guide Hares, S. "Components of OSI: Inter-Domain Routing Pr otocol (IDRP)." ConneXions: The Interoperability Repor t, V ol. 6, No. 5: May 1992. Jones, N.E.H. and D. Kosiur . Macworld Networking Handbook . San Mateo, California: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
Further Reading F-3 Rose, M.T . The Open Book: A Practical Perspective on OSI . Englewood Clif fs, New Jersey: Pr entice Hall; 1990. Rose, M.T . The Simple Book: An Introduction to Management of TCP/IP-based Inter nets . Englewood Clif fs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 1991.
F-4 User’ s Reference Guide.
T echnical Specifications and Safety Information G-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x G G G G T T T T e e e e c c c c h h h h n n n n ii i i c c c c a a a a ll l l S S S.
G-2 User’ s Reference Guide Description Dimensions: 124.0 cm (w) x 20.0 cm (d) x 5.3 cm (h) 9.4” (w) x 7.9” (d) x 2.1” (h) Communications inter faces: The Netopia R2121 Dual Analog Router has .
T echnical Specifications and Safety Information G-3 Softwar e and protocols Software media: Softwar e preloaded on inter nal flash memor y; field upgrades done via download to inter nal flash mem.
G-4 User’ s Reference Guide If this device is malfunctioning, it may also be causing har m to the telephone network; this device should be disconnected until the source of the pr oblem can be deter mined and until repair has been made. If this is not done, the telephone company may temporarily disconnect ser vice.
T echnical Specifications and Safety Information G-5 Users should ensure for their own pr otection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility , telephone lines and internal metallic water pipe system, if pr esent, are connected together .
G-6 User’ s Reference Guide.
About 56K Line Access H-1 A A A A p p p p p p p p e e e e n n n n d d d d ii i i x x x x H H H H A A A A b b b b o o o o u u u u t t t t 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 K K K K L L L L ii i i n n n n e e e e A A A A c c c c c c c c e e e e s s s s s s s s The Netopia R2121 with Dual Analog is capable of 56Kbps per line connections.
H-2 User’ s Reference Guide These new techniques treat the phone system as a mostly digital network that just happens to have an analog por tion. There ar e several consequences to the reliance on a half-digital connection. Y our Internet Ser vice Provider must have digital phone lines to the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
Glossary 1 G G G G ll l l o o o o s s s s s s s s a a a a r r r r y y y y Access Line: A telephone line r eaching from the telephone company central of fice to a point usually on your premises. Beyond this point the wir e is considered inside wiring.
2 User’ s Reference Guide byte: A group of bits, nor mally eight, which r epresent one data character . CallerID: See CND. CCITT (Comite Consultatif International T elegraphique et T elephonique): I.
Glossary 3 DNS (Domain Name Ser vice): A TCP/IP pr otocol for discovering and maintaining network resour ce infor mation distributed among dif fer ent ser vers. download: The process of transfer ring a file fr om a ser ver to a client. EIA (Electronic Industr y Association): A Nor th American standards association.
4 User’ s Reference Guide internet: A set of networks connected together by r outers. This is a general ter m, not to be confused with the lar ge, multi-or ganizational collection of IP networks known as the Inter net. An inter net is sometimes also known as an internetwork.
Glossary 5 NA T (Network Address Translation): A feature that allows communication between the LAN connected to the Netopia ISDN Router and the Internet using a single IP addr ess, instead of having a separate IP address for each computer on the network.
6 User’ s Reference Guide remapping: See network number remapping . RFC (Request for Comment): A series of documents used to exchange infor mation and standar ds about the Internet. RIP (Routing Information Protocol): A protocol used for the transmission of IP r outing infor mation.
Glossary 7 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): An open network standard that defines how devices from dif ferent manufactur ers communicate with each other over one or more inter connected networks.
8 User’ s Reference Guide.
Index-1 II I I n n n n d d d d e e e e x x x x Numerics 10Base-T 5-4 10Base-T , connecting 5-4 A Add Static Route 10-14 Adding a filter set 14-13 advanced configuration features 8-9 answer profile .
Index-2 connection profiles defined 7-3 scheduling 9-1 , 9-7 console configuring 8-12 screens, connecting to 8-8 Console Configuration 8-12 Console connection problems A-2 console-based management configuring with 6-1 , 7-1 , 8-1 D D.
Index-3 finding an ISP B-1 firewall 14-18 fir mware files updating with TFTP 15-8 updating with XMODEM 15-11 FTP sessions 14-21 fur ther reading F-1 G General Statistics 13-4 Glossar y GL-1 H hard.
Index-4 monitoring 13-1 security 14-1 system utilities and tests 15-1 Network Address T ranslation see NA T 10-1 Network problems A-2 network status over view 13-1 Next 13-10 Next Router Address 13-10.
Index-5 PC 3-1 troubleshooting Macintosh A-2 PC A-1 Windows 95 3-3 Smar tView 4-1 launching Smar tView 4-1 SNMP community strings 13-14 MIBs suppor ted 13-13 traps 13-15 SNMP Setup screen 13-14 SNMP traps 13-15 Socket 11-2 soft seeding 12-3 Src.
Index-6 W AN configuration 9-2 , 10-3 W AN event histor y 13-6 W AN statistics 13-4 , 13-5 Windows 95 Smar tStar t 3-3 X XMODEM 15-10 XMODEM file transfers downloading configuration files 15-12 up.
Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies 1 L L L L ii i i m m m m ii i i t t t t e e e e d d d d W W W W a a a a r r r r r r r r a a a a n n n n t t t t y y y y a a a a n n n n d d d d L L L L ii i.
2 User’ s Refer ence Guide.
Een belangrijk punt na aankoop van elk apparaat Netopia R2121 (of zelfs voordat je het koopt) is om de handleiding te lezen. Dit moeten wij doen vanwege een paar simpele redenen:
Als u nog geen Netopia R2121 heb gekocht dan nu is een goed moment om kennis te maken met de basisgegevens van het product. Eerst kijk dan naar de eerste pagina\'s van de handleiding, die je hierboven vindt. Je moet daar de belangrijkste technische gegevens Netopia R2121 vinden. Op dit manier kan je controleren of het apparaat aan jouw behoeften voldoet. Op de volgende pagina's van de handleiding Netopia R2121 leer je over alle kenmerken van het product en krijg je informatie over de werking. De informatie die je over Netopia R2121 krijgt, zal je zeker helpen om een besluit over de aankoop te nemen.
In een situatie waarin je al een beziter van Netopia R2121 bent, maar toch heb je de instructies niet gelezen, moet je het doen voor de hierboven beschreven redenen. Je zult dan weten of je goed de alle beschikbare functies heb gebruikt, en of je fouten heb gemaakt die het leven van de Netopia R2121 kunnen verkorten.
Maar de belangrijkste taak van de handleiding is om de gebruiker bij het oplossen van problemen te helpen met Netopia R2121 . Bijna altijd, zal je daar het vinden Troubleshooting met de meest voorkomende storingen en defecten #MANUAl# samen met de instructies over hun opplosinge. Zelfs als je zelf niet kan om het probleem op te lossen, zal de instructie je de weg wijzen naar verdere andere procedure, bijv. door contact met de klantenservice of het dichtstbijzijnde servicecentrum.
