Gebruiksaanwijzing /service van het product GeoPilot Plus van de fabrikant AvMap
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USER MANU AL Via Caboto, 9 54036 Marina di Carrara - MS - IT ALIA E-mail: info@avmap.it.
2 W ARRANTY AvMap warrants their GPS receiver and accessories to be free of defects in material and work- manship for a period of two years from the date of original purchase.
3 W arning!!! A measure of knowledge by the user is required for proper and safe use of the chart plotter . Read the User Manual and the W arranty completely . Use Good Judgement This product is an excellent navigation aid, but it does not replace the need for careful pilotage and good judgement.
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5 INDEX 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 FEA TURES 10 1.1.1 Specifications 10 1.2 BASIC 12 1.3 FL YING ST ART 13 1.3.1 The Moving Map 13 1.3.2 The Main Menu 14 1.3.3 Moving Map F unctions 14 1.3.4 Moving Map Icons 14 1.3.5 Course Predictor 15 1.3.6 GoT o 15 1.3.7 Database 15 2 THE BASICS 2.
6 3.5.7 Map Presentation Settings 29 3.5.8 Automatic Information 30 3.5.9 Rangerings 30 3.5.10 Vfr , Airspace, Land, Marine Andothersettings 30 3.5.10.1 VFR Settings 30 3.5.10.2 Airspace Settings 30 3.5.10.3 Land Settings 32 3.5.10.4 Marine Settings 32 3.
7 8.1.3 Editing User W aypoints – Moving Map Methods 48 8.1.4 Deleting User W aypoints – Moving Map Methods 49 8.2 USER WA YPOINTS – DA T ABASE METHODS 49 8.2.1 Creating User W aypoints – Database Methods 49 8.2.2 Editing User W aypoints – Database Methods 49 8.
8 14.2.3 F ix Symbol 68 14.2.4 Static Navigation 68 14.2.5 Course Predictor 68 14.2.6 Head Up Response 68 14.3 ALARM SET -UP 68 14.3.1 Arrival Alarm Radius 68 14.3.2 XTE Alarm Range 69 14.3.3 W aypoint Alarm Radius 69 14.3.4 T AWS Alarm 69 14.3.5 Airspace Ahead Alarm 69 14.
9 APPENDIX B - MAP DA TUM 84 APPENDIX C - ICAO CODES 85 APPENDIX D - C-MAP A VIA TION CARTRIDGE OPTIONS 91 APPENDIX E - C-MAP DA T A TRANSFER 92.
10 1 INTRODUCTION If you have not used a GPS Charting System before and intend to use your GEOPIL OT for navigating , we suggest that you read this User Manual and make sure you are familiar with its contents. Throughout this User Manual, the keys are shown in capital letters enclosed between single inverted commas, for example ‘MENU’.
11 • Coordinates System (DDD MM SS, DDD MM.mm, DDD MM.mmm, UTM, OSGB , MGRS) • North Reference • Auto Zoom • Map Presentation (Aero+T errestrial, Aeronautical, Marine) • POI Settings • Sel.
12 Interface • Serial I/O port Physical Characteristics Size • 6.14” x 4.33” x 1” W eight • 1 lb LCD display • Color TFT 5.6” • Resolution 320 x 240 pixels Antenna dimensions • 3” diameter , 0.625” height (76.2 mm diameter , 15.
13 Fig. 1.2 - The GEOPIL OT Fig. 1.2a - How to insert the Compact Flash 1.3 FL YING ST ART These pages provide a very brief overview of several of the GEOPIL O T’s important features, the Main Menu, the Moving Map, GoT o flights and locating a W aypoint in the Database.
14 T o Change the Scale of the Moving Map Use ‘ZOOM IN’ and ‘ZOOM OUT’ to change the map display scale. T o Select Position Use the cursor key to scroll to the location you want. 1.3.2 The Main Menu F rom Moving Map press ‘MENU’ for 1 second to display the Main Menu: Fig.
15 Fig. 1.3.4 - Moving Map Icons 1.3.5 Course Predictor Indicates the projected position at the set time interval if the current speed and heading are kept. This allows the pilot to correct for wind drift, in real time, right from the moving map. T o select course predictor: > ‘MENU’ 1 sec.
16 Airports, VOR’s, NDB’s, Intersections and User W aypoints. Searching the Database allows the user to activate GoT o Flight Plans and locate the item on the map.
17 2 THE BASICS This chapter provides general information about the functions of the keys and entering data. 2.1 THE KEYBOARD The GEOPIL O T has 11 keys, which access and control features. Some keys perform different tasks based on the operation mode.
18 ‘MENU’: press & hold for 1 seconds: opens the Main Menu (equivalent to press ‘MENU’ twice). The Cycle key Allows the user to quickly change the data viewed on the Moving Map between three pre - set mapping/navigation screens.
19 Choose the language you want and press ‘ENT’ again to confirm. 2.5 EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS 2.5.1 Down Or Up-load Flight Plans & T racks The GEOPIL O T can also send and receive Flight Plans from the AvMap Flight Planner or another device compatible with it through the serial port (the USB port is for factory use only).
20 2.5.1.2 Download/Upload Flight Plan The Download Flight Plan function allows you to send the current Flight Plans to the serial port using the NMEA0183 $WPL and $RTE sentences (see Appendix E): > ‘MENU’ 1 sec.
21 move from the Cycle fields (1, 2 or 3) horizontally (left to right) and vertically (down) to check off those objects that you want to see displayed for each cycle.
22 3 THE MOVING MAPS The Moving Map is the default state of the software. This mode displays the Moving Map screen and Data Window . The Moving Map displays map detail in Home, Auto Zoom or Cursor mode. The operation mode will determine the options available within the screen.
23 T o activate Auto Zoom mode press ‘ESC’ in Moving Map. Auto Zoom requires a position fix and an active destination point. If a destination point is not present it works as Home mode.
24 area(s) of airspace queried is highlighted. >‘ENT’ + “ AIRSP ACE INFO” + ‘ENT’ Like Automatic Info the window is opened in the top or bottom part of the screen.
25 This line will remain on the screen until it is deactivated. T o deactivate: >‘ENT’ + “ A -B FUNCTION” + ‘ENT’ 3.4.5 W aypoint Handling Associate W aypoint with User W aypoint Alarm: When editing the waypoint, select the icon for the waypoint.
26 >‘ENT’ + “INSERT FP LEG” + ‘ENT ’ This will place another leg onto the end of the current viewed Flight Plan. Remove W aypoint (present only if there is a W aypoint under the cursor .
27 3.5.2 Auto Position Mode T o set Auto Zoom or Auto Home mode: > ‘MENU’ + “ AUT O POSITION MODE” + ‘ENTER’ The following options are available: OFF - The moving map display will remain in ‘CURSOR’ or ‘HOME’ mode as set by the user .
28 3.5.4 Setup Data Fields Y ou can select the item to be displayed in each of the fields of the Data Window . The following figure displays the options available. The fields selected for each window mode option (1-line, 2- lines, etc.) are independent; therefore, you can select different fields for each window view .
29 North-up - will rotate the map automatically to keep North pointing toward the top of the display . During North - up mode the Screen Amplifier is active. Depending on the Heading , the fix icon is placed on one of the 8 positions. For example, if the Heading is 45°, the fix icon is placed on the bottom left part of the screen (see F ig .
30 3.5.10 Vfr , Airspace, Land, Marine And Other Settings The following menus enable/disable the display of categories of data. > ‘MENU’ + “ VFR/AIRSP ACE/LAND/MARINE/O THER SETTINGS” + ‘ENT’ 3.5.10.1 VFR Settings The VFR Settings category relates to the aviation features found in the Navdata Compact Flash.
31 connect. In order to view additional data regarding the selected airway; in the Map mode, press the ENT key once, select FULL INFO and press ENT again to confirm, select ‘Enroute Airways’ and confirm pressing ENT . Please Note : The Enroute Airways information displayed in the FULL INFO page may present two options: 1.
32 T racks & Routes : ON/OFF . The default setting is On. 3.5.10.5 Other Settings User Points : OFF/ICON/ICON LABEL. The default setting is Icon/Label. Objects Overlap : ON/OFF . The default setting is On. When more then one object is at the same position, the selection of On allows the screen to draw the objects overlapping .
33 pressing ENT . Important Note : After T A WS is enabled; T AWS will not be displayed on the map. Y ou will need to acquire a position fix. The simulation mode can be used for training purposes. Press the MENU key twice and select ‘Simulator’ from the Main Menu.
34 In the Highland case, the T AWS colors will be red, yellow and green according to the following rules of the OCH: § Red : L1= from < 0 ft. up to 1,000 ft. § Y ellow : M1= from </= 1,000 ft. up to 2,000 ft. § Green : H1= from </= 2,000 up to 3,000 ft.
35 from the map pages it is necessary to press ‘CYCLE’. 3.5.13 POI Settings This feature is similar to the Selective Display , but refers to the P oints of Interest (POI).
36 4 NA VIGA TION & L OCA TION The Navigation and Location screen displays a full page of navigation information with location coordinates. T o access from the Main Menu: > ‘MENU’ 1 sec. + “NA V/L OCA TION” + ‘ENT’ Fig. 4 - Nav/L ocation screen 4.
37 Fig. 4.1 - Flight Plan The Location information displayed on the Nav/Location screen includes the destination waypoint, Bearing (BRG), T rack (TRK), Estimated Time Enroute (ETE), Distance to waypoi.
38 5 THE HSI SCREEN The HSI screen presents the desired course to be flown and the current T rack in a graphical format similar to the Horizontal Situation Indicator of an aircraft; using the compass rose as the center of the display . F rom Moving Map: > ‘MENU’ 1 sec.
39 P ar . 8.2.2. 5.2.2 Setup Datafields The HSI Data Window can be customized by the user to display navigational data required for his flight; similar to the Moving Map Data W indow (see P ar . 3.2). Y ou can edit the data fields from the HSI page: > ‘MENU’ 1 sec.
40 6 FLIGHT PLAN > ‘MENU’ 1 sec + “FLIGHT PLAN” + ‘ENT’ The Flight Plan mode allows you to create a Flight Plan with User P oints, T emporary W aypoints or Jeppesen object as W aypoints. Flight Plans can be entered on the Moving Map (see P ar .
41 The Flight Plan Menu will open. Y ou will need to select Flight Plan number to view . When creating a Flight Plan select an “EMPTY” Flight Plan number: > ‘MENU’ + “ VIEWED FP ” + ‘ENT’ + “EMPTY” + ‘ENT ’ + ‘ESC’ Press ‘ZOOM IN’ to begin adding the W aypoints of your Flight Plan.
42 Note The current leg of the Active Flight Plan is displayed DA SHED. There is the possibility to navigate DIRECT to any FP WP (departure point included). > ‘GO TO ’ + “DIRECT TO FP W A YPOINT” + ‘ENT ’ In this case a “D” appears in front of the destination waypoint in the FLIGHT PLAN page.
43 6.7.2 GoT o - Moving Map Mode T o activate a GoT o Flight Plan from the Moving Map, press ‘GO TO ’. A “GoT o” Menu box will appear on the screen.
44 Enroute (ETE). Using the cursor key select the desired object and press ‘GO T O’ to activate a Route to this item. T o obtain additional details regarding the object, press ‘ENT’ and the Database page will appear .
45 7 THE GL OBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM The Global P ositioning System (GPS) is a constellation of satellites that orbit the earth twice a day , transmitting precise time and positioning information to anywhere on the globe, 24 hours a day . The system was designed and deployed by the U .
46 • Cold Start (avg): < 45 sec. • W arm Start (avg): < 40 sec. • Hot Start (avg): 8 sec. 7.3 HOW GPS WORKS Each GPS satellite continuously broadcasts two signals: an SPS (Standard P ositioning Service) signal for worldwide civilian use and a PPS (Precise P ositioning Service) signal for U .
47 be successful. 7.3.4 Monitoring & Controlling The GPS The Global P ositioning System is monitored and controlled by the U .S. Air F orce, which is responsible for updating and maintaining exact satellite position and signal data accuracy .
48 8 W A YPOINT & D A T ABASE The GEOPIL O T uses three types of W aypoints: Jeppesen W aypoints are contained in the Compact Flash and include Airport, VOR, NDB and Intersection W aypoints. Each of these W aypoints is displayed on the Moving Map by an icon.
49 T o edit Name field (up to 8 characters): press left/right cursor key to select the character to be changed and then up/down cursor key to scroll to the desired character . Press ‘ENT ’ to accept and to pass to the next field. Repeat the same procedure to change the Coordinates and Icons fields.
50 8.3.1 Database Menu T o access the main Database menu from the Moving Map: > ‘MENU’ 1 sec + “DA T ABASE” + ‘ENT’ Options are: Airports, VOR, NDB , Intersections, POI Objects, User W aypoints and F ile Manager . A window shows the different categories of Database items within the GEOPIL O T .
51 8.3.2 File Manager Using CF memory cards with different versions of the navigation software or updating the map data may cause the loss of your user Routes, T racks and W aypoints. T o avoid this inconvenience it is recommended that you save your Routes, T racks and W aypoints that you have created.
52 9 APPROACH D A T A PROCEDURES WARNING!!! The GEOPIL OT is not certified for use as the only navigation device during Instrument Flight Rules as established by the FAA.
53 > ‘MENU’ + ‘MENU’ + “FLIGHT PLAN” + ‘ENT’ + ‘MENU’ + “CHANGE APPROACH” - select the approach + ‘ENT’. This will substitude the previous approach including the waypoints on the moving map for the new approach and add the new waypoints to your flight plan and the moving map.
54 10 CALCULA T OR The Calculator functions assist the user in preflight and in-flight calculations for V ertical Navigation, Wind and F uel consumption. In addition, clock functions and trip data can be found in this menu. The Calculator uses GPS data and user data for computations.
55 This will begin the timer . T o turn Off the timer , press ‘ENT ’ from this menu. A warning box will appear on screen to confirm your action. Press ‘ENT’ to confirm or ‘ESC’ to quit and continue the timer calculation. The default setting is Off (00:00:00).
56 > ‘MENU’ 1 sec.+ “CALCULA T OR” + ‘ENT’ + “VERTICAL NAVIGA TION” + ‘ENT ’ User data is entered in the fields at the bottom half of the screen. T o set V ertical Navigation parameters use ‘ENT’ to edit the selected field (a box appears around the active field) and the cursor key to move between fields.
57 V ertical Navigation can be activated (On) only if a Flight Plan is active (destination present). Destination point for V ertical Navigation is the last point of the Route or destination of GoT o mode.
58 10.6 FUEL CONSUMPTION The GEOPIL O T computes F uel Consumption for each leg of the active Flight Plan or the fuel used in flight, based on entries made by the pilot. This is a useful feature for flight planning purposes. Actual F uel Consumption will vary based on flight conditions and engine settings.
59 Fig. 10.6a - Sample Calculation.
60 11 THE CHECKLISTS The GEOPIL O T provides a checklist of standard procedures for Engine Start, Ground Check, Pre- T ake- off , Cruise in Flight and Landing . The Checklists can be customized by inserting and/or deleting aircraft procedures. Hit MENU + MENU + CHECKLISTS + ENT + ENGINE ST ART (or any other Checklist field) + ENT .
61 Press ‘ENT ’ to mark each item after checking is completed. If all the items of the list are not checked upon exit a warning message appears on the screen that states the check -list has not been completed. Press any key to accept. 11.3 PRE T AKE-OFF >‘MENU’ 1 sec.
62 12 SIMULA TOR The built-in Simulator function allows you to become proficient in the use of the GEOPIL O T before ever taking it into the cockpit. No current position fix is required because the GEOPIL O T simulates position data internally . The GEOPIL OT simulates flight in two ways: a straight flight path or following a selected route.
63 All functions of the GEOPIL O T will work as in normal flight except for Altitude related functions. Nota As stated earlier , in the Simulation mode the GEOPIL OT retains full functionality .
64 13 THE COMMUNICA TION MENU The Communications Menu contains options that control the GPS data input: >‘MENU’ 1 sec. + “COMMUNICA TIONS” + ‘ENT’ Fig.
65 13.3 TRACK DOWNL OAD The Download T rack function allows the unit to send T rack data from the serial port using the C - MAP Proprietary NMEA0183 $PCMPT sentence (see Appendix E): > ‘MENU’ 1 sec.
66 14 THE SYSTEM SET -UP MENU The System Setup Menu allows the user to change how the GEOPIL O T displays information. System Setup options are arranged in sub-menus. For example, all options that relate to the F ix functions are in F ix Setup sub -menu and all options related to time or date are in Date Time Setup.
67 WIDTH - the width of the screen is displayed. Use the cursor key to select and ‘ENT’ to accept. The default setting is Bar . 14.1.3 Language Selects the language in which you wish menu information to be displayed (i.e. screen labels, menus and options).
68 > ‘MENU’ 1 sec. + “SYSTEM SETUP ” + ‘ENT ’ + “FIX SETUP ” + ‘ENT’ + “DIFFERENTIAL CORRECTION SOURCE” + ‘ENT’ Options are: NONE, W AAS, RTCM 1200, RTCM 2400, RTCM 4800, RTCM 9600, RTCM 19200, RTCM 38400. The default setting is NONE.
69 within this circle an alarm sounds and the W aypoint Arrival box appears on screen. T o set this alarm: > ‘MENU’ 1 sec. + “SYSTEM SETUP ” + ‘ENT’ + “ ALARM SETUP ” + ‘ENT’ + “ ARRIVAL ALARM RADIUS” + ‘ENT’ After pressing ‘ENT’ a box will appear with 00.
70 and press ‘ENT’. The default setting is OFF (00.00). In addition, you can select the category of airspace associated with the alarm. T o select the categories: > ‘MENU’ 1 sec ‘MENU; + “ ALARM SETUP” Use the cursor key to select each category of airspace and turn ON/OFF the alarm for that category .
71 14.4.5 T rack Recording Step The GEOPIL O T stores many thousand of points data points to display a pattern of aircraft movement (T rack). After many thousand of points intervals the oldest is deleted with each new position fix point. The following options assist in getting the most track memory for your type of flying .
72 14.5.3 Altitude Unit > ‘MENU’ 1 sec. + “SYSTEM SETUP ” + ‘ENT ’ + “UNITS SETUP ” + ‘ENT’ + “ AL TITUDE” + ‘ENT’ Altitude measurements can be displayed in F eet (FT), Meters (MT) or Flight Levels (FL). The default setting is F eet.
73 all other heading , bearing and T rack computations are based on the user-selected reference. The default setting is Magnetic. 14.5.9 Coordinate System > ‘MENU’ 1 sec.
74 The GEOPIL O T displays dates as MM/DD/YY – Month/Day/Y ear or DD/MM/YY – Day/Month/Y ear . The default setting is MM/DD/YY . 14.7 COL ORS SET -UP > ‘MENU’ 1 sec. + “SYSTEM SETUP” + ‘ENT’ + “COL ORS SETUP ” + ‘ENT’ 14.7.1 Data Window Colors This setting controls the background color of the data window display .
75 15 OPERA TING REQUIREMENTS The GEOPIL OT must be connected to a 10–35 V DC power source and the antenna requires a clear view of the sky in order to operate. Fig. 15 - I/O Connector Note The cable that ends with wires is available as an optional part.
76 15.3 DIMENSIONS Fig. 15.4 - Dimensions 15.4 TROUBLESHOOTING The following is a brief guide to some of the problems you may experience while using the GEOPIL O T with common solutions. 15.4.1 Power No Power — The power connections are loose or not fully engaged.
77 If the GEOPIL O T is using an External GPS receiver , proceed to F ix functions screen: > ‘MENU’ 1 sec. + “SYSTEM SETUP” + ‘ENT’ + “FIX SETUP ” + ‘ENT’ V erify that the Fix S.
78 Fig. 15.4.4 - About page If it is necessary to return your GEOPIL O T for repair , you must obtain a return authorization (RA) number from C -MAP Aviation prior to shipping the system. Include with the GEOPIL OT a description of the problem, your RA number , and your name and address.
79 T o test the Compact Flash. There are the following possible situations: 1 . If there is a Compact Flash inserted in the slot and there is not a malfunction, the name of the Compact Flash zone and the message “OK ” are shown.
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81 APPENDIX A - TERMS This section explains the terms that you may find unfamiliar . ACQUISITION - Occurs when the GEOPIL O T locates a signal and collects data from a satellite.
82 DA T A WINDOW - Data W indow is an information panel representing customized data fields. The layout of these fields depends on the screen mode. DA T ABASE - A collection of data that can be accessed by the user for airports, VORs, NDBs, Intersections and User W aypoints.
83 which can be used in determining a location or a direction LA T - LA TITUDE - The distance north or south of the equator , measured in an arc with the equator being 0° and the poles being 90°. L ON - L ONGITUDE - The distance east or west of the Prime Meridian (0°), which intersects Greenwich, England.
84 the likelihood of the lock on the signal being lost. TCA - TERMINAL CONTROL AREA - Class B airspace. TP A - TRAFFIC P A TTERN AL TITUDE - The Altitude required when entering the traffic pattern.
85 found in the legend. If the datum is not WGS84 means that position coordinates determined with the GEOPIL O T may not appear to agree with coordinates determined from a printed chart. APPENDIX C - ICAO CODES The GEOPIL O T Database of airports is drawn from the system of ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) identifiers.
86 Fig. C - ICAO Codes for areas included in the database Fig. Ca - ICAO Codes for sub-continental areas.
87 ICAO CODE NAME A1 Antarctica (Aus/NZ) BG Greenland BI Iceland CF Miquelon Island/St Pierre Island (Canada) CY Canada DA Algeria DB Benin DF Burkina F aso DG Accra/Ghana DI Ivory Coast DN Nigeria DR.
88 ICAO CODE NAME GB Gambia GC Canary Islands GE Melilla GF Sierra Leone GG Guinea-Bissau GL Liberia/Roberts GM Dakhla and Laayoune/Morocco GO Dakar/Dakar Oceanic/Senegal GQ Mauritania GU Guinea Repub.
89 ICAO CODE NAME MB Caicos Islands/T urks Islands MD Dominican Republic MG Guatemala MH Honduras MK Jamaica MM Mexico MN Nicaragua MP P anama MR Costa Rica MS El Salvador MT Haiti MU Cuba MW Cayman Islands MY Bahamas MZ Belize NC Cook Islands NF F iji Islands/T onga NG Kiribati/T uvalu (S.
90 ICAO CODE NAME RK K orea RO Japan RP Philippines SA Argentina SB Brazil SC Chile/Easter Island SE Ecuador SF F alkland Island SG P araguay SK Colombia/San Andres SL Bolivia SM Suriname SO F rench G.
91 ICAO CODE NAME VD Kampuchea VE India VG Bangladesh VH Hong Kong VI India VL Laos VM Macau VN Nepal VO India VQ Bhutan VR Maldives VT Thailand VV Vietnam VY Myanmar WA Indonesia WB Brunei/Malaysia W.
92 airspace. SUB -CONTINENT AL These Compact Flashs combine Jeppesen Navdata and land cartography for those customers traveling outside The Americas to provide users with worldwide coverage. NA VDA T A UPDA TES AvMap supplies the file including the aeronautical data file.
93 NMEA National Office P .O . Box 3435 New Bern, NC 28564-3435 (U .S.A.) T elephone: (252) 638-2626 - Fax: (252) 638-4885 E-mail: nmea@coastalnet.com - http://www .
Een belangrijk punt na aankoop van elk apparaat AvMap GeoPilot Plus (of zelfs voordat je het koopt) is om de handleiding te lezen. Dit moeten wij doen vanwege een paar simpele redenen:
Als u nog geen AvMap GeoPilot Plus heb gekocht dan nu is een goed moment om kennis te maken met de basisgegevens van het product. Eerst kijk dan naar de eerste pagina\'s van de handleiding, die je hierboven vindt. Je moet daar de belangrijkste technische gegevens AvMap GeoPilot Plus vinden. Op dit manier kan je controleren of het apparaat aan jouw behoeften voldoet. Op de volgende pagina's van de handleiding AvMap GeoPilot Plus leer je over alle kenmerken van het product en krijg je informatie over de werking. De informatie die je over AvMap GeoPilot Plus krijgt, zal je zeker helpen om een besluit over de aankoop te nemen.
In een situatie waarin je al een beziter van AvMap GeoPilot Plus bent, maar toch heb je de instructies niet gelezen, moet je het doen voor de hierboven beschreven redenen. Je zult dan weten of je goed de alle beschikbare functies heb gebruikt, en of je fouten heb gemaakt die het leven van de AvMap GeoPilot Plus kunnen verkorten.
Maar de belangrijkste taak van de handleiding is om de gebruiker bij het oplossen van problemen te helpen met AvMap GeoPilot Plus . Bijna altijd, zal je daar het vinden Troubleshooting met de meest voorkomende storingen en defecten #MANUAl# samen met de instructies over hun opplosinge. Zelfs als je zelf niet kan om het probleem op te lossen, zal de instructie je de weg wijzen naar verdere andere procedure, bijv. door contact met de klantenservice of het dichtstbijzijnde servicecentrum.
