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® http://www.3com.com/ SuperStack ® II Switch 9000 SX User Guide Part No. DUA1699-0AAA02 100001-00 Rev . 02 Published April 1998 SW9000.BK Page i Wednesday, April 1, 1998 11:00 AM.
ii 3Com Corporation 5400 Bayfront Plaza Santa Clara, California 95052-8145 Copyright © 3Com Corporation, 1998. All rights reserved. No part of this documentation may be repr oduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translation, transformation, or adaptation) without permission from 3Com T echnologies.
iii VCCI Statement Information T o The User If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television r eception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interfer ence by one or more of the following measures: ■ Reorient the receiving antenna.
iv SW9000.BK Page iv Wednesday, April 1, 1998 11:00 AM.
v C ONTENTS A BOUT T HIS G UIDE Introduction 1 T erminology 1 Finding Information in This Guide 2 Conventions 3 Command Syntax Symbols 4 Line-Editing Commands 5 Related Publications 5 1 S WITCH 9000 O.
vi 2 I NSTALLATION AND S ETUP Following Safety Information 2-1 Determining the Switch 9000 Location 2-1 Configuration Rules for Gigabit Ethernet 2-2 Installing the Switch 9000 2-2 Rack Mounting 2-2 F.
vii Configuring SNMP Settings 3-10 Displaying SNMP Settings 3-11 Resetting and Disabling SNMP 3-12 Checking Basic Connectivity 3-12 Ping 3-12 T raceroute 3-13 Configuring Ports 3-13 Enabing and Disa.
viii Basic IP Commands 4-15 IP ARP Commands 4-16 IP Route T able Commands 4-17 ICMP Commands 4-17 4-18 RIP Commands 4-19 4-20 Logging Commands 4-21 4-22 Configuration and Image Commands 4-23 5 V IRTU.
ix Configuring FDB Entries 6-3 FDB Configuration Example 6-3 Displaying FDB Entries 6-3 Removing FDB Entries 6-4 7 S PANNING T REE P ROTOCOL (STP) Overview of the Spanning T ree Pr otocol 7-1 How ST.
x 9 S TATUS M ONITORING AND S TATISTICS Status Monitoring 9-1 Port Statistics 9-4 Port Errors 9-6 Switch Logging 9-7 Local Logging 9-8 Real-time Display 9-8 Remote Logging 9-9 Logging Commands 9-10 RM.
xi Fiber Optic Ports A-3 Lithium Battery A-4 L ’information de Sécurité Importante A-4 Power A-5 Cordon électrique A-6 Fuse A-6 Ports pour fibres optiques A-7 Batterie au lithium A-7 Wichtige Si.
xii G LOSSARY I NDEX 3C OM C ORPORATION L IMITED W ARRANTY SW9000.BK Page xii Wednesday, April 1, 1998 11:00 AM.
A BOUT T HIS G UIDE About This Guide provides an overview of this guide, describes guide conventions, tells you where to look for specific information and lists other publications that may be useful. Intr oduction This guide provides the r equired information to install and configur e the Superstack ® II Switch 9000 SX (3C16990).
2 A BOUT T HIS G UIDE Finding Information in This Guide This table shows where to find specific information in this guide. Task Location Learning concepts Chapter 1, “Switch 9000 Overview” Insta.
Conventions 3 Conventions T able 1 and T able 2 list conventions that are used thr oughout this guide. T able 1 Notice Icons Icon Notice Type Alerts you to.
4 A BOUT T HIS G UIDE Command Syntax Symbols Y ou may see a variety of symbols shown as part of the command syntax. These symbols explain how to enter the command, and you do not type them as part of the command itself. T able 3 summarizes command syntax symbols.
Line-Editing Commands 5 Line-Editing Commands T able 4 describes the line-editing commands available using the command-line interface. The command syntax is explained in Chapter 4. Related Publications The Switch 9000 documentation set includes the following: ■ SuperStack II Switch 9000 SX Quick Reference Guide.
6 A BOUT T HIS G UIDE SW9000.BK Page 6 Wednesday, April 1, 1998 11:00 AM.
1 S WITCH 9000 O VERVIEW This chapter describes the following: ■ Switch 9000 features ■ How to use the Switch 9000 in your network configuration ■ Switch 9000 front view ■ Switch 9000 rear vi.
1-2 C HAPTER 1: S WITCH 9000 O VERVIEW ■ Virtual LANs (VLANs) ■ Support for 64 VLANs on a single Switch 9000 ■ Support for IEEE 802.1Q tagging ■ Controls traf fic (including broadcasts) ■ P.
Summary of Features 1-3 Full Duplex The Switch 9000 provides full-duplex support for all ports. Full-duplex allows frames to be transmitted and received simultaneously and, in effect, doubles the bandwidth available on a link. The Switch 9000 will refuse a half duplex connection on any port.
1-4 C HAPTER 1: S WITCH 9000 O VERVIEW ■ Redundant paths are disabled when the main paths ar e operational. ■ Redundant paths are enabled if the main traf fic paths fail. For more information on STP , refer to Chapter 7. IP Unicast Routing The Switch 9000 can route IP traf fic between the VLANs configured as virtual router interfaces.
Network Configuration Example 1-5 Figure 1-1 Switch 9000 used in a backbone configuration The Switch 3000 on each floor is provided with a Gigabit Ethernet full-duplex link to the Switch 9000. Using Gigabit Ethernet as a backbone technology removes bottlenecks by providing scalable bandwidth, low-latency , high-speed data switching.
1-6 C HAPTER 1: S WITCH 9000 O VERVIEW attached to the Switch 9000 providing impr oved performance to the Ethernet desktop. Switch 9000 Fr ont View Figure 1-2 shows the Switch 9000 front view .
Switch 9000 Front View 1-7 LEDs T able 1-2 describes the LED behavior on the Switch 9000. T able 1-2 Switch 9000 LEDs LED Color Indicates Port Status LEDs Packet Yellow Off Frames are being transmitted/received on this port. No activity on this port. Status Green Green flashing Off Link is present; port is enabled.
1-8 C HAPTER 1: S WITCH 9000 O VERVIEW Switch 9000 Rear View Figure 1-3 shows the Switch 9000 rear view . Figure 1-3 Switch 9000 rear view The rear panel has the following featur es: Power Socket The Switch 9000 automatically adjusts to the supply voltage.
Factory Defaults 1-9 Factory Defaults T able 1-3 shows the factory defaults for the Switch 9000 features. T able 1-3 Switch 9000 Factory Defaults Item Default Setting Port status Enabled on all ports .
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2 I NSTALLATION AND S ETUP This chapter describes the following: ■ How to decide where to install the Switch 9000 ■ Gigabit Ethernet configuration rules ■ How to install the Switch in a rack or.
2-2 C HAPTER 2: I NSTALLATION AND S ETUP ■ W ater or moisture cannot enter the case of the unit. ■ T emperature must be within the range of 0 to 40 degr ees Celsius. ■ Air -flow around the unit and thr ough the vents in the side of the case is not restricted.
Installing the Switch 9000 2-3 Figure 2-1 Fitting the mounting bracket 5 Repeat the three pr evious steps for the other side of the Switch. 6 Refer to the instructions that shipped with your rack, runners, shelf or tray to complete the installation of the Switch into the mounting rack.
2-4 C HAPTER 2: I NSTALLATION AND S ETUP Stacking the Switch and Other Devices Up to four units can be placed on top of one another . If mixing Switch 9000, Switch 3000 FX, Switch 1000, Switch 1200, and other SuperStack ® II hubs, the smaller units must be positioned at the top using rubber feet.
Connecting Equipment to the Console Port 2-5 Figure 2-2 shows the pin-outs for a 9-pin to RS-232 25-pin null modem cable. Figure 2-2 Null modem cable pin-outs Figure 2-3 shows the pin-outs for a 9-pin to 9-pin PC-A T serial null modem cable.
2-6 C HAPTER 2: I NSTALLATION AND S ETUP Powering-up the Switch T o power -up the Switch, follow these steps: 1 Connect the power cable to the Switch. 2 Connect the power cable to the wall outlet 3 T ur n the on/off Switch to the on position.
Logging on for the First Time 2-7 5 Assign an IP address and subnetwork mask for VLAN default. The example below assigns an IP address of 123.45.67.8 and a subnetwork mask of 255.255.255.0. config vlan default ipaddress 123.45.67.8 255.255.255.0 Y our changes take effect immediately .
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3 A CCESSING T HE S WITCH This chapter describes the following information that you can use to begin managing the Switch 9000: ■ Security access level overview ■ Configuring the Switch for manage.
3-2 C HAPTER 3: A CCESSING T HE S WITCH Administrator Access Level An administrator -level account can view and change all Switch parameters, add and delete users, and change the password associated with any account name. The administrator can disconnect a T elnet management session.
Security Access Levels 3-3 4 Enter the new password at the pr ompt. 5 Re-enter the new password at the pr ompt. 6 Save your changes by typing save Creating a Management Account The Switch can have a total of three management accounts. Y ou can use the default names (admin and user), or you can create new names and passwords for the accounts.
3-4 C HAPTER 3: A CCESSING T HE S WITCH 3 Enter the new password at the pr ompt. 4 Re-enter the new password at the pr ompt. 5 Save your changes by typing save If you forget your password contact your local technical support representative, who will advise on your next course of action.
Using Telnet 3-5 Using the Console Interface The command-line interface built into the Switch is accessible by way of the 9-pin, RS-232 console port located on the rear of the unit. For more information on the console port pin-outs, refer to Chapter 2.
3-6 C HAPTER 3: A CCESSING T HE S WITCH Y ou can enable BOOTP on a per -VLAN basis by using the following command: enable bootp vlan [<name> | all] Manually Configuring the IP Settings If you a.
Using Telnet 3-7 4 At the password pr ompt, enter the password and press [Return]. When you have successfully logged on to the Switch, the command-line prompt displays the name of the Switch in its pr ompt.
3-8 C HAPTER 3: A CCESSING T HE S WITCH Sample output from the show session command is as follows: 3C16990:2 # sh sess # Login Time User Type Location ============================================================ 0 Tue Mar 10 11:10:53 1998 admin console serial 4 Tue Mar 10 13:11:13 1998 user telnet 192.
Using SNMP 3-9 Accessing Switch Agents In order to have access to the SNMP agent r esiding in the Switch, at least one VLAN on the Switch must have an IP address assigned to it. For more information on assigning an IP addr ess, refer to “Manually Configuring the IP Settings,” on page 3-6.
3-10 C HAPTER 3: A CCESSING T HE S WITCH Configuring SNMP Settings The following SNMP parameters can be configured on the Switch: ■ Authorized trap receivers — An authorized trap r eceiver can be one or more network management stations on your network.
Using SNMP 3-11 Displaying SNMP Settings T o display the SNMP settings configured on the Switch 9000, use the following command: show management This command displays the following information: ■ E.
3-12 C HAPTER 3: A CCESSING T HE S WITCH ■ Authorized SNMP station list ■ SNMP trap receiver list ■ Logon statistics Resetting and Disabling SNMP T o reset or disable SNMP settings, use the commands in T able 3-5.
Configuring Ports 3-13 Options for the ping command are described in T able 3-6. T raceroute The traceroute command allows you to trace the r outed path between the Switch and a destination endstation. The traceroute command syntax is as follows: traceroute <ip_address> where ip_address is the IP address of the destination endstation.
3-14 C HAPTER 3: A CCESSING T HE S WITCH T o configure the Switch to autonegotiate, use the following command: config port <portlist> auto on Port Commands T able 3-7 describes port commands.
Load Sharing 3-15 Load sharing is most useful in cases where the traf fic transmitted from the Switch to the load-sharing group is sour ced from an equal or greater number of ports on the Switch. For example, traf fic transmitted to a 2-port load-sharing group should originate fr om a minimum of two other ports on the same Switch.
3-16 C HAPTER 3: A CCESSING T HE S WITCH The following example defines a load-sharing group that contains ports 4 through 7, and uses the first port in the gr oup as the master logical port 4: enable sharing 4 grouping 4-7 In this example, logical port 4 repr esents physical ports 4 through 7.
4 C OMMANDS This chapter contains a description of each command-line interface command for the Switch 9000. It also provides the following information related to Switch 9000 commands: ■ Command synt.
4-2 C HAPTER 4: C OMMANDS If the command does not include a parameter , skip to Step 3. If the command requir es more information, or if you want to include optional parameters, continue to Step 2a. a If the command has additional parameters include them after the command name.
Understanding the Command Syntax 4-3 config vlan engineering add port 1-3,6 could use the following shortcut: config engineering add port 1-3, 6 Numerical Ranges Commands that requir e you to enter one or more port numbers use the parameter , <portlist>, in the syntax.
4-4 C HAPTER 4: C OMMANDS Line-Editing Commands T able 4-2 describes the line-editing commands available using the command-line interface. vertical bar | Separates mutually exclusive items in a list, one of which must be entered.
Command History Substitution 4-5 Command History Substitution The Switch 9000 “remembers” the last 50 commands you enter . Y ou can display a list of these commands by using the following command: history Common Commands T able 4-3 describes common commands used to manage the Switch.
4-6 C HAPTER 4: C OMMANDS Switch 9000 Commands The tables in this section list all of the commands used on the Switch 9000. The commands are organized by the following categories: ■ General Switch c.
Switch 9000 Commands 4-7 General Switch Commands T able 4-4 describes general Switch commands. T able 4-4 General Switch Commands Command Description show switch Displays the current Switch informatio.
4-8 C HAPTER 4: C OMMANDS User Account Commands T able 4-5 describes user account commands config devicemode [bridging | iprouting] Allows you to configure the operating mode of the Switch.
Switch 9000 Commands 4-9 Switch Management Commands T able 4-6 describes Switch management commands T able 4-6 Switch Management Commands Command Description show management Displays network managemen.
4-10 C HAPTER 4: C OMMANDS VLAN Commands T able 4-7 describes VLAN commands. config snmp syscontact <string> Allows you to configure the name of the system contact. A maximum of 32 characters is allowed config snmp sysname <string> Allows you to configure the name of the Switch.
Switch 9000 Commands 4-11 Protocol Commands T able 4-8 describes protocol commands. FDB Commands T able 4-9 describes FDB commands. T able 4-8 Protocol Commands Command Description show protocol {<.
4-12 C HAPTER 4: C OMMANDS Port Commands T able 4-10 describes port commands. create fdbentry <mac_address> vlan <name> <portlist> Allows you to create a permanent FDB entry.
Port Commands 4-13 P ACE Commands T able 4-11 describes P ACE commands. STP Commands T able 4-12 describes STP commands. enable port <portlist> Allows you to enable one or more ports. disable port <portlist> Allows you to disable one or more ports.
4-14 C HAPTER 4: C OMMANDS config stpd <stpd_name> forwarddelay <value> Allows you to specify the time (in seconds) that the ports on this STPD spend in the listening and learning states when the Switch is the Root Bridge. The range is 4 through 30.
Port Commands 4-15 Basic IP Commands T able 4-13 describes basic IP commands. T able 4-13 Basic IP Commands Command Description show ipconfig {vlan [<name> | all]} Displays configuration informa.
4-16 C HAPTER 4: C OMMANDS IP ARP Commands T able 4-14 describes IP ARP commands. disable bootp vlan [<name> | all] Allows you to disable the generation and processing of BOOTP packets. enable bootprelay Allows you to enable the BOOTP relay function on the router.
Port Commands 4-17 IP Route T able Commands T able 4-15 describes IP route table commands. ICMP Commands T able 4-16 describes the commands used to configure the ICMP protocol.
4-18 C HAPTER 4: C OMMANDS enable icmp useredirects Allows you to enable the modification of route table information when an ICMP redirect message is received. The default setting is disabled. disable icmp useredirects Allows you to disable the changing of routing table information when an ICMP redirect message is received.
Port Commands 4-19 RIP Commands T able 4-17 describes the commands used to configure the RIP protocol. T able 4-17 RIP Commands Command Description show rip {vlan <name> | all} Displays RIP configuration and statistics for one or more VLANs. Display includes the state for RIP settings, and interface states.
4-20 C HAPTER 4: C OMMANDS enable rip exportstatic Allows you to enable the advertisement of static routes using RIP. The default setting is enabled. disable rip exportstatic Allows you to disable the filtering of static routes. config rip updatetime {<delay>} Allows you to change the periodic RIP update timer.
Port Commands 4-21 Logging Commands T able 4-18 describes Switch logging commands. T able 4-18 Logging Commands Command Description show log config Displays the log configuration, including the syslog host IP address, the priority level of messages being logged locally, and the priority level of messages being sent to the syslog host.
4-22 C HAPTER 4: C OMMANDS config syslog <ipaddress> <facility> {<priority>} {<subsystem>} Allows you to configure the syslog host address and filter messages sent to the syslog host. Options include: ■ ipaddress — The IP address of the syslog host.
Port Commands 4-23 Configuration and Image Commands T able 4-19 describes configuration and image commands T able 4-19 Configuration and Image Commands Command Description save {config} {primary | secondary} Allows you to save the current configuration of the Switch to NVRAM.
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5 V IRTUAL LAN S (VLAN S ) Setting up Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) on the Switch 9000 eases many time-consuming tasks of network administration while increasing ef ficiency in network operations. This chapter describes the VLAN concepts and explains how to implement VLANs on the Switch 9000.
5-2 C HAPTER 5: V IRTUAL LAN S (VLAN S ) ■ It helps to control traf fic. W ith traditional networks, congestion can be caused by br oadcast traffic that is dir ected to all network devices, regardless of whether they requir e it.
Overview of Virtual LANs 5-3 For example, in Figure 5-1, the VLANs are configur ed as followings: ■ Ports 1, 2, and 5 are part of VLAN Marketing ■ Ports 3, 4, and 6 are part of VLAN Sales ■ Por.
5-4 C HAPTER 5: V IRTUAL LAN S (VLAN S ) Expanding Port-Based VLANs Across Switches T o create a port-based VLAN that spans two Switches you must do two things: ■ Assign the port on each Switch to the VLAN. ■ Cable the two Switches together using one port on each Switch per VLAN.
Overview of Virtual LANs 5-5 Figure 5-3 illustrates two VLANs spanning two Switches. On Switch 1, ports 1–4 are part of VLAN Accounting ; ports 5–8 ar e part of VLAN Engineering . On Switch 2, ports 1–4 are part of VLAN Accounting ; ports 5–8 are part of VLAN Engineering .
5-6 C HAPTER 5: V IRTUAL LAN S (VLAN S ) T agged VLANs The Switch 9000 uses the IEEE 802.1Q D4 draft standard for rules associated with VLAN tagging. T agging is a process that inserts a marker (called a tag ) into the Ethernet frame. The tag contains the identification number of a specific VLAN, called the VLANid .
Overview of Virtual LANs 5-7 Figure 5-4 illustrates the physical view of a network that uses tagged and untagged traffic. Figure 5-4 Physical diagram of tagged and untagged traf fic Figure 5-5 shows a logical diagram of the same network.
5-8 C HAPTER 5: V IRTUAL LAN S (VLAN S ) In Figure 5-4 and Figure 5-5: ■ The trunk port on each Switch carries traffic for both VLAN Marketing and VLAN Sales . ■ The trunk port on each Switch is tagged. ■ The server connected to port 1 on Switch 1 has a NIC that supports 802.
Overview of Virtual LANs 5-9 The IP traffic has been divided into two IP subnets, 192.207.35.0 and 192.207.36.0. The subnets are internally routed by the Switch 9000. The subnets are assigned dif ferent VLAN names, Finance and Personnel , respectively .
5-10 C HAPTER 5: V IRTUAL LAN S (VLAN S ) Defining Protocol Filters If necessary , you can define a customized protocol filter based on EtherT ype, LLC, and/or SNAP .
Configuring VLANs on the Switch 9000 5-11 The Default VLAN The Switch 9000 ships with one default VLAN that has the following properties: ■ The VLAN name is default. ■ It contains all the ports on a new or initialized Switch. ■ The default VLAN is untagged, and has no VLANid or protocol filter assigned.
5-12 C HAPTER 5: V IRTUAL LAN S (VLAN S ) T able 5-1 describes the commands used to configure a VLAN. VLAN Configuration Examples The following example creates a port-based VLAN named accounting , assigns the IP address 132.15.121.1, and assigns ports 1, 2, 3, and 6 to it: create vlan accounting config accounting ipaddress 132.
Displaying VLAN Settings 5-13 The following example creates a tag-based VLAN named video . It assigns the VLANid 1000. Ports 4–8 are added as tagged ports to the VLAN. create vlan video config video tag 1000 config video add port 4-8 tagged The following example creates a VLAN named Sales , with the VLANid 120.
5-14 C HAPTER 5: V IRTUAL LAN S (VLAN S ) ■ Status for each port ■ Enabled/disabled ■ T agged/untagged ■ Protocol information ■ IP address ■ STPD information Sample output from this command is as follows: 3C16990:7 # sh vlan all VLAN "Default" created by user Tagging: 802.
Deleting and Resetting VLANs 5-15 Sample output from this command is as follows: show protocol all Protocol Name Type Value ----------------- ---- ----- IP etype 0x0806 etype 0x0800 ipx etype 0x8137 n.
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6 S WITCH F ORWARDING D ATABASE (FDB) This chapter describes the contents of the Switch forwarding database (FDB), how the FDB works, and how to configure the FDB. Overview of the FDB The Switch 9000 maintains a database of all addresses r eceived on all of its ports.
6-2 C HAPTER 6: S WITCH F ORWARDING D ATABASE (FDB) ■ Permanent entries — Permanent entries are r etained in the database if the Switch is reset or a power of f/on cycle occurs. The system administrator must make entries permanent. A permanent entry can either be a unicast or multicast MAC address.
Configuring FDB Entries 6-3 Configuring FDB Entries T o configure entries in the FDB, use the commands listed in T able 6-1. FDB Configuration Example This example adds a permanent entry to the FDB.
6-4 C HAPTER 6: S WITCH F ORWARDING D ATABASE (FDB) ■ portlist — displays the entries for one or more ports ■ permanent — displays all permanent entries The following sample output shows the i.
7 S PANNING T REE P ROTOCOL (STP) Using the Spanning T ree Protocol (STP) functionality of the Switch 9000 makes your network more fault tolerant. The following sections describe STP concepts, and how STP features ar e supported by the Switch. STP is a part of the 802.
7-2 C HAPTER 7: S PANNING T REE P ROTOCOL (STP) Figure 7-1 Network with an illegal topology This configuration is illegal because it creates loops that cause the network to overload. However , STP allows you to use this configuration because STP detects duplicate paths and immediately prevents (or blocks ) one of them from forwar ding traffic.
Overview of the Spanning Tree Protocol 7-3 If the link through Bridge C fails, as shown in Figur e 7-3, the STP system reconfigur es the network so that traffic from segment 2 flows through Bridge B.
7-4 C HAPTER 7: S PANNING T REE P ROTOCOL (STP) The Root Bridge generates BPDUs on all ports at a regular interval known as the Hello T ime. All other bridges in the network have a Root Port. This is the port that costs the least in getting to the Root Bridge, and it is used for receiving the BPDUs initiated by the Root Bridge.
Spanning Tree Domains 7-5 ■ W ithin any given STPD, all VLANs belonging to it use the same spanning tree. Care must be taken to ensure that STPD instances within a single Switch do not see each other in the same broadcast domain. This could happen if, for example, another external bridge is used to connect VLANs belonging to separate STPDs.
7-6 C HAPTER 7: S PANNING T REE P ROTOCOL (STP) STP Configurations When you assign VLANs to an STPD, pay careful attention to the STP configuration and its effect on the forwar ding of VLAN traffic. Figure 7-4 illustrates a network that uses VLAN tagging for trunk connections.
STP Configurations 7-7 When the Switches in this configuration start up, STP configures each STP domain such that there ar e no active loops in the topology .
7-8 C HAPTER 7: S PANNING T REE P ROTOCOL (STP) STP Configurations to A void W ithin a single STPD, you must be car eful when configuing your VLANs. The following figures illustrate networks that have been incorrectly set up so that the STP configuration disables the ability of the Switches to forward VLAN traf fic.
Creating STP Domains 7-9 Figure 7-6 shows a similar configuration in which the VLANs are all port-based. The trunk connections between the Switches requir e one trunk port per Switch for each VLAN.
7-10 C HAPTER 7: S PANNING T REE P ROTOCOL (STP) Enabling STP on the Switch T o enable STP for one or mor e STP domains on your Switch, use the following command at the administrator prompt: enable st.
Configuring STP 7-11 config stpd <stpd_name> delete vlan [<name> | all] Allows you to remove one or all VLANs from an STPD. If all is specified, the association between the STPD and VLAN is removed, but both still exist.
7-12 C HAPTER 7: S PANNING T REE P ROTOCOL (STP) Configuration Example The following example creates and enables an STPD named Backbone_st . It assigns the Manufacturing VLAN to the STPD.
Displaying STP Settings 7-13 Sample output from the command is as follows: 3C16990:28 # sh stpd s0 po 5-8 Stpd: s0 Port: 8 PortId: 8008 Stp: ENABLED Path Cost: 4 Port State: FORWARDING Topology Change.
7-14 C HAPTER 7: S PANNING T REE P ROTOCOL (STP) Disabling and Resetting STP T o disable STP or return STP settings to their defaults, use the commands listed in T able 7-2. CAUTION: If you ignore warnings and delete an STPD without removing all of its VLAN members first, those VLANs will also be deleted.
8 IP U NICAST R OUTING This chapter describes how to configure IP r outing on the Switch 9000. It assumes that you are alr eady familiar with IP unicast routing.
8-2 C HAPTER 8: IP U NICAST R OUTING the router interface for Finance is assigned the IP addr ess 192.206.35.1. Personnel belongs to the IP network 192.207.36.0; its router interface is assigned IP addr ess 192.207.36.1. T raffic within each VLAN is switched using the Ethernet MAC addresses.
Overview of IP Unicast Routing 8-3 Dynamic Routes Dynamic routes ar e typically lear ned by way of RIP . Routers using RIP exchange information in their routing tables in the form of RIP advertisements. Using dynamic routes, the r outing table contains only networks that are r eachable.
8-4 C HAPTER 8: IP U NICAST R OUTING Configuring IP Unicast Routing This section describes the commands associated with configuring IP unicast routing on the Switch 9000.
Verifying the IP Unicast Routing Configuration 8-5 V erifying the IP Unicast Routing Configuration Use the show iproute command to display the current configuration of IP unicast routing for the Switch, and for each VLAN. The show iproute command displays the currently configur ed routes, including how each route was learned.
8-6 C HAPTER 8: IP U NICAST R OUTING T able 8-1 describes the commands used to configure basic IP settings on the Switch. T able 8-1 Basic IP Commands Command Description enable bootp {vlan <name> | all} Enables the generation and processing of BOOTP packets on a VLAN to obtain an IP address for the VLAN from a BOOTP server.
Configuring DHCP/BOOTP Relay 8-7 T able 8-2 describes the commands used to configure the IP route table. T able 8-3 describes the commands used to configure RIP . clear ipfdb [<ipaddress> | vlan <name> | all] Removes the dynamic entries in the IP forwarding database.
8-8 C HAPTER 8: IP U NICAST R OUTING enable rip splithorizon Enables the split horizon algorithm for RIP. Default setting is enabled. enable rip triggerupdate Enables triggered updates. Triggered update s are a mechanism for immediately notifying a router’s neighbors when the router adds or deletes routes, or changes the metric of a route.
Configuring DHCP/BOOTP Relay 8-9 T able 8-4 describes the commands used to configure the ICMP protocol. disable rip splithorizon Disables split horizon. disable rip poisonreverse Disables poison reverse. disable rip triggerupdate Disables triggered updates disable rip exportstatic Disables the filtering of static routes.
8-10 C HAPTER 8: IP U NICAST R OUTING Routing Configuration Example Figure 8-2 illustrates a Switch that has three VLANs defined as follows: ■ Finance ■ Protocol-sensitive VLAN using the IP pr otocol ■ Ports 1 and 3 have been assigned ■ IP address 192.
Routing Configuration Example 8-11 Figure 8-2 Unicast Routing Configuration Example In this configuration, all IP traffic fr om stations connected to ports 1 and 3 have access to the router by way of the VLAN Finance . Ports 2 and 4 reach the r outer by way of the VLAN Personnel .
8-12 C HAPTER 8: IP U NICAST R OUTING Displaying Router Settings T o display settings for various IP routing components, use the commands listed in T able 8-5.
Resetting and Disabling Router Settings 8-13 Resetting and Disabling Router Settings T o return router settings to their defaults and disable r outing functions, use the commands listed in T able 8-6. show rip stat {vlan <name> | all} Displays RIP-specific statistics.
8-14 C HAPTER 8: IP U NICAST R OUTING disable rip {vlan <name> | all} Disables RIP for one or more VLANs. When RIP is disabled, the parameters are not reset to their defaults, and the states are not cleared.
9 S TATUS M ONITORING AND S TATISTICS This chapter describes how to view the current operating status of the Switch, how to display information in the Switch log, and how to take advantage of the RMON capabilities available in the Switch.
9-2 C HAPTER 9: S TATUS M ONITORING AND S TATISTICS show ip config {vlan <name> | all} Displays configuration information for one or more VLANs, including the following: ■ IP address, subnet m.
Status Monitoring 9-3 show port <portlist> collisions Displays collision statistics for each port. show port <portlist> config Displays state, link status, speed, and autonegotiation setting for each port. show port <portlist> errors Displays error information for one or more ports.
9-4 C HAPTER 9: S TATUS M ONITORING AND S TATISTICS Port Statistics The Switch 9000 provides a facility for viewing port statistic information. The summary information lists values for the current counter against every port on the Switch and it is refr eshed approximately every 2 seconds.
Port Statistics 9-5 The following port statistic information is collected by the Switch: Link Status — The current status of the link. Options ar e: ■ Ready — The port is ready to accept a link.
9-6 C HAPTER 9: S TATUS M ONITORING AND S TATISTICS Port Err ors The Switch 9000 keeps track of errors for each port. T o view port error , type show port <portlist> errors The following port error information is collected by the Switch: Link Status — The current status of the link.
Switch Logging 9-7 Receive Jabber Frames (RX Jab) — The total number of frames received by the port that wer e of longer than the support maximum length and had a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) error .
9-8 C HAPTER 9: S TATUS M ONITORING AND S TATISTICS ■ Message — The message contains the log information with text that is specific to the problem.
Switch Logging 9-9 If priority is not specified, only messages of critical priority are displayed. If the subsystem is not specified, all subsystems are displayed.
9-10 C HAPTER 9: S TATUS M ONITORING AND S TATISTICS Logging Commands The commands described in T able 9-4 allow you to do the following: ■ Configure logging options ■ Reset logging options ■ D.
RMON 9-11 RMON Using the Remote Monitoring (RMON) capabilities of the Switch allows network administrators to make decisions about improving Switch efficiency and r educing the load on the network. The following sections explain more about the RMON concept and the RMON features supported by the Switch 9000.
9-12 C HAPTER 9: S TATUS M ONITORING AND S TATISTICS A typical RMON setup consists of the following two components: ■ The RMON probe — An intelligent, r emotely controlled device or software agent that continually collects statistics about a LAN segment or VLAN.
RMON 9-13 Alarms The Alarms group pr ovides a versatile, general mechanism for setting threshold and sampling intervals to generate events on any MIB variable. Alarms inform you of a network performance problem and they can trigger automated action responses thr ough the Events group.
9-14 C HAPTER 9: S TATUS M ONITORING AND S TATISTICS An RMON probe, however , autonomously looks at the network on behalf of the management workstation without affecting the characteristics and performance of the network.
RMON 9-15 When using the RMON features of the Switch, you should note the following: ■ After the default sessions are cr eated, they have no special status. Y ou can delete or change them as required. ■ The greater the number of RMON sessions, the gr eater the burden on the management resour ces of the Switch.
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10 S OFTWARE U PGRADE AND B OOT O PTIONS This chapter describes the procedur e for upgrading the Switch software image. It also covers how to save and load a primary and secondary configuration file on the Switch. Upgrading the Softwar e The image file contains the executable code that runs on the Switch 9000.
10-2 C HAPTER 10: S OFTWARE U PGRADE AND B OOT O PTIONS Y ou can select which image the Switch will load on the next reboot by using the following command: use image {primary | secondary} If you do not specify which image to use, the Switch automatically loads the primary image.
Boot Option Commands 10-3 Returning to Factory Defaults T o return the Switch configuration to factory defaults, use the following command: unconfig switch This command resets the entir e configuration, with the exception of user accounts and passwords that have been configur ed.
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A S AFETY I NFORMATION Y ou must read the following safety information before carrying out any installation or removal of components, or any maintenance pr ocedures on the Switch 9000. Important Safety Information WARNING: Warnings contain directions that you must follow for your personal safety .
A-2 A PPENDIX A: S AFETY I NFORMATION ■ This unit operates under SEL V (Safety Extra Low V oltage) conditions according to IEC 950. The conditions ar e only maintained if the equipment to which it is connected also operates under SEL V conditions.
Important Safety Information A-3 ■ If the power cord plug is unsuitable and must be r eplaced, you may find other codings for the respective connections. Connect the power supply wires for the unit accor ding to the following scheme: ■ Brown wir e to the Live (Line) plug terminal which may be marked with the letter ‘L ’ or colored r ed.
A-4 A PPENDIX A: S AFETY I NFORMATION Lithium Battery ■ Replace the lithium battery with the same or equivalent type, as recommended by the manufactur er . W ARNING: There is a danger of explosion if the battery is incorr ectly replaced. ■ Dispose of used batteries according to the manufactur ers instructions.
L’information de Sécurité Importante A-5 ■ Pour réduire les risques d'incendie ou de choc électrique, installez ce groupe sous abri dans une zone dont la températur e et l'humidité sont régulées et qui ne contient pas de produits contaminateurs conductifs.
A-6 A PPENDIX A: S AFETY I NFORMATION Cordon électrique ■ Il doit êtr e agréé dans le pays d'utilisation : ■ Si la prise mâle du cordon électrique est défectueuse, vous devez la remplacer en identifiant d'autr es codages pour assurer les différ entes connexions nécessaires.
L’information de Sécurité Importante A-7 porte-fusibles. Pour ce groupe, vous devez uniquement utiliser des fusibles réalisés par le même constructeur et offrant le même pouvoir de coupure et r espectant le même type que le fusible d'origine.
A-8 A PPENDIX A: S AFETY I NFORMATION ■ les batteries au lithium ne figurent pas sur la liste EP A des déchets dangereux. Par conséquent, vous pouvez en général vous en débarrasser comme s'il s'agissait d'un déchet normal.
Wichtige Sicherheitsinformationen A-9 ■ Das Gerät muß an eine geerdete Steckdose angeschlossen wer den, die die europäischen Sicherheitsnormen erfüllt. ■ Das Gerät nicht an eine Wechselstr omsteckdose anschließen, die nicht geerdet ist. ■ Die Netzsteckdose muß in der Nähe des Geräts und leicht zugänglich sein.
A-10 A PPENDIX A: S AFETY I NFORMATION ■ Zur Erfüllung europäischer Sicherheitsnormen darf keine Ersatzsicherung am Geräteeingang angebracht werden. Es dürfen nur Sicherungen vom gleichen Hersteller , der gleichen Marke und Art mit dem Gerät verwendet werden.
Wichtige Sicherheitsinformationen A-11 Lithiumbatterie ■ Die Lithiumbatterie nach den Empfehlungen des Herstellers durch eine Batterie des gleichen oder eines gleichwertigen T yps ersetzen. W ARNHINWEIS: W ird die Batterie falsch ersetzt, besteht Explosionsgefahr .
A-12 A PPENDIX A: S AFETY I NFORMATION SW9000.BK Page 12 Wednesday, April 1, 1998 11:00 AM.
B T ECHNICAL S PECIFICATIONS Physical Dimensions Height: 3.5 inches x Width: 17.32 inches x Depth: 17.32 inches Weight: 22 pounds Environmental Requir ements Operating Temperature 0 to 40˚ C Storage .
B-2 A PPENDIX B: T ECHNICAL S PECIFICATIONS Standards Supported SNMP SNMP protocol (RFC 1157) MIB-II (RFC 1213) Bridge MIB (RFC 1493) VLAN MIB (RFC 1573) RMON MIB (RFC 1757) T erminal Emulation Telnet.
C T ROUBLESHOOTING If you encounter problems when using the Switch, this Appendix may be helpful. If you have a problem which is not listed her e or in the release notes, please contact your local technical support r epresentative. LEDs Power LED does not light: Check that the power cable is firmly connected to the device and to the supply outlet.
C-2 A PPENDIX C: T ROUBLESHOOTING Both sides if the gigabit link must be enabled or disabled. It the two are dif ferent, typically the side with auto-negotiation disabled will have the link LED list, and the side with auto-negotiation enabled will not list.
Using the Command-Line Interface C-3 T raps are not received by the SNMP Network Manager: Check that the SNMP Network Manager's IP address and community string are corr ectly configured and that the IP address of the T rap Receiver is configured pr operly on the Switch.
C-4 A PPENDIX C: T ROUBLESHOOTING Y ou forget your password and cannot log on: If you are not an administrator , another user having administrator access level can log on, delete your user name, and create a new user name for you, with a new password.
Using the Command-Line Interface C-5 VLAN Names: There ar e restrictions on VLAN names. They cannot contain white spaces and cannot start with a numeric value unless you use quotation marks around the name. If a name contains white spaces or starts with a numeric, you must use quotation marks whenever referring to the VLAN name.
C-6 A PPENDIX C: T ROUBLESHOOTING The Switch keeps aging out endstation entries in the Switch Forwarding Database (FDB): Reduce the number of topology changes by disabling STP on those Switches that do not use redundant paths. Specify that the endstation entries are static or permanent.
D T ECHNICAL S UPPORT 3Com provides easy access to technical support information thr ough a variety of services. This appendix describes these services. Information contained in this appendix is correct at time of publication. For the very latest, we recommend that you access 3Com Corporation’ s World Wide Web site as described below .
D-2 A PPENDIX D: T ECHNICAL S UPPORT Access by Digital Modem ISDN users can dial in to 3ComBBS using a digital modem for fast access up to 56 Kbps. T o access 3ComBBS using ISDN, use the following num.
Support from Your Network Supplier D-3 3ComForum on CompuServe ® Online Service 3ComForum is a CompuServe-based service containing patches, software, drivers, and technical articles about all 3Com pr oducts, as well as a messaging section for peer support.
D-4 A PPENDIX D: T ECHNICAL S UPPORT Support fr om 3Com If you are unable to r eceive support from your network supplier , technical support contracts are available fr om 3Com.
Returning Products for Repair D-5 Returning Products for Repair Before you send a pr oduct directly to 3Com for repair , you must first be obtain a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) number . Products sent to 3Com without RMA numbers will be returned to the sender unopened, at the sender’ s expense.
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G LOSSARY ageing The automatic removal of dynamic entries fr om the Switch Database that have timed-out and are no longer valid. ARP Address Resolution Pr otocol. The protocol used to dynamically bind high-level IP addresses to low-level har dware addresses.
2 G LOSSARY CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection that is a channel access method used by Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 standards in which devices transmit only after finding the data channel clear for some period of time.
3 LAN Local Area Network that consists of connected computing r esources (such as PCs, printers, and servers) covering a relatively small geographic area (usually not larger than a floor or building). Characterized by high data rates and low error rates.
4 G LOSSARY on a wide range of computers and networking equipment and may be used to manage many aspects of network and endstation operation. Spanning T ree Protocol (STP) A bridge-based mechanism for pr oviding fault tolerance on networks.
I NDEX 1 I NDEX Numerics 3Com Bulletin Board Service (3ComBBS) D-1 3Com sales offices D-4 3Com URL D-1 3ComFacts D-2 3ComForum D-3 A accounts, creating 3-3 alarms 9-15 Alarms (RMON group) 9-13 , 9-14.
2 I NDEX dynamic routes 8-3 populating 8-2 static routes 8-3 settings, displaying 8-12 L LEDs 1-7 load sharing 3-14 Load Sharing, configuring 3-15 log display 9-8 logging and T elnet 9-9 commands 9-1.
I NDEX 3 Max Age configuring 4-14 , 7-11 overview 7-1 path costs 4-14 , 7-11 port priority 4-14 , 7-11 Switch 9000 configuration examples 1-4 dimensions B-1 factory defaults 1-9 features 1-1 free-st.
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3Com Corporation L IMITED W ARRANTY H ARDWARE 3Com warrants its hardware products to be free from defects in workmanship and materials, under normal use and service, for the following lengths of time .
3COM SHALL NOT BE LIABLE UNDER THIS WARRANTY IF ITS TESTING AND EXAMINATION DISCLOSE THAT THE ALLEGED DEFECT IN THE PRODUCT DOES NOT EXIST OR WAS CAUSED BY CUSTOMER’S OR ANY THIRD PERSON’S MISUSE,.
Een belangrijk punt na aankoop van elk apparaat 3Com 9000 SX (of zelfs voordat je het koopt) is om de handleiding te lezen. Dit moeten wij doen vanwege een paar simpele redenen:
Als u nog geen 3Com 9000 SX heb gekocht dan nu is een goed moment om kennis te maken met de basisgegevens van het product. Eerst kijk dan naar de eerste pagina\'s van de handleiding, die je hierboven vindt. Je moet daar de belangrijkste technische gegevens 3Com 9000 SX vinden. Op dit manier kan je controleren of het apparaat aan jouw behoeften voldoet. Op de volgende pagina's van de handleiding 3Com 9000 SX leer je over alle kenmerken van het product en krijg je informatie over de werking. De informatie die je over 3Com 9000 SX krijgt, zal je zeker helpen om een besluit over de aankoop te nemen.
In een situatie waarin je al een beziter van 3Com 9000 SX bent, maar toch heb je de instructies niet gelezen, moet je het doen voor de hierboven beschreven redenen. Je zult dan weten of je goed de alle beschikbare functies heb gebruikt, en of je fouten heb gemaakt die het leven van de 3Com 9000 SX kunnen verkorten.
Maar de belangrijkste taak van de handleiding is om de gebruiker bij het oplossen van problemen te helpen met 3Com 9000 SX . Bijna altijd, zal je daar het vinden Troubleshooting met de meest voorkomende storingen en defecten #MANUAl# samen met de instructies over hun opplosinge. Zelfs als je zelf niet kan om het probleem op te lossen, zal de instructie je de weg wijzen naar verdere andere procedure, bijv. door contact met de klantenservice of het dichtstbijzijnde servicecentrum.
