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LxNETES™ User’s Guide ConnectCor e 9P 9360/9750.
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Digi International Inc. 2005. All Rights Reserved. The Digi logo is a registered tradem arks of Digi International, Inc. All other tradem arks mentioned in t his document are t he property of their respective owners.
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5 ••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••• •••••••••• •• Contents Chapter 1 Intro duction .
6 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Manual Installation ................................................................................................ 27 Chapter 4 Buil ding the First Project ......... .............. ..................
7 Introduction ............................................................. ......................................... 44 U-Boot ...................................................................................................
8 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide LCD interface .................................................................................................. 62 Touch screen interface ..............................................................
9 Introduction Intr oduction CHAPTER 1 Overview The LxNETES pac kage enables you to ea sily develop so ftware under Linux 2.6 f o r Digi Internati onal and FS Forth-S ysteme embedded modules supp orted in this release of LxNETE S.
Overview 10 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Linux kernel sour c es The LxNETES package contains the complete source code of the Linux kern el. This allows you to con f igure, modify , and create a custom kernel to your spe cific embedded system’ s nee ds.
11 Introduction Featur es What’ s new i n LxNETES 3.2? Linux Kernel Linux Kerne l 2.6.12.5 Added touch screen driver for the ConnectC ore 9P family Adde d R TC dr iv er f or t he Con ne ctC o re 9P fa m ily Build process based on autoc onf Bootloader New U-Boot boo t loader , based on ver sion 1.
Features 12 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Drivers for th e following module comp on ents and in terface s : – SDRAM memory – Flash memory –E t h e r n e t –U S B H o s t .
13 Introduction Autoconf dr iven build process All bui lding can be done without r oot access This Lx N ETES ver sion can coexist wi th older install ations of LxNETE.
Features 14 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Acro nyms and abbrevi a ti ons # This is a target session # And this is what you must input (in bo ld) CGI Common Gateway Interface CRAMFS Co.
15 Requireme nts Requir ements CHAPTER 2 System Req uirements/Prer e quisite s System re quir e ments Y our development system sh ould be a reason ably fast x86- based h ost PC with an Ether net interface, a serial port, and a parallel port.
System Requirements/Prerequisites 16 LxNETE S User’s Guide DOS or D OS- emu l a tor (s uch a s do sem u) Optional but r ecommended c omponents: Qt3 devel opment tools For using LxNETES, a recent Linux distributio n based on GN U C Library gl ibc versi on 2.
17 Requireme nts Applications & Services T o use this software, your system has to be confi gured to build a stand ard Linux 2.6. If you can bui ld a kernel for you r development platform, you can b e sure that all the necessary software is installed.
System Requirements/Prerequisites 18 LxNETE S User’s Guide NFS se rver Use the netw ork file system ( N FS ) to simpli fy appli cation d e buggin g on the target. NFS allows your t arget to mount i ts ro ot file syste m with read /write p e rmissions fro m th e host computer over Ethe rnet.
19 Requireme nts After modi fying the exports file, th e NFS server has to be restarte d with the follo w ing command: JT AG-Boo ster The JT AG-Booster software for h ardware Flash updates is a DOS application. It must be installed on a native DOS / W indows host or a virtual machine like "dosemu " under Linux.
System Requirements/Prerequisites 20 LxNETE S User’s Guide.
21 Getting Started Getting S tarted CHAPTER 3 Intr oduction This chap ter describes how to conf igure and test you r host PC and development boar d (target) and how to start up the device for the v ery fi rst time.
Introduction 22 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide T o use a terminal client as non-roo t user , either you need read / write access to /dev/tty S <n> or th e cl ient ha s to be set ui d root. Minicom T o configure minicom, start it as roo t by entering: Go to “Seri al port setup” and change the values to your en vironment.
23 Getting Started Figure 3-2: Seyon Se ttings S tep 4: Connect power Connect th e included power suppl y to the development board. After power -on, the LEDs on the b oard wil l light up an d 2- 4 secon ds later th e system will print b oot m essages o n the console.
Introduction 24 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide After Linux started successful ly , you can ent er commands such as "ls", " cd", or "cat"on the shell. S tep 5: T est Ethernet configuration The tar get uses a default I P address on the 192.
25 Getting Started The tar get network para meters can be changed i n U-Boot using the "set env" command. Y ou can see the IP address of the t arget by issui n g this command: In this examp le, the target dev ice has been gi ven an IP addr ess o f 192.
Guided Installation 26 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Guided Installat ion After mounting the CD you are ready to run the i nstaller . Use the following c o mmands to start (depen ding on your distr ibution's mount point ): If the script d etects a Pe rl/Tk in sta ll ation , a gr a phical installer w ill start.
27 Getting Started Manual Installation Instead of using the installa tion script you can do the instal lation man ually . Just copy the director y "LxNET E S" on the CDROM t o a directory on y our host P C.
Manual Instal lation 28 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide.
29 Building the First Project Building the First Pr oject CHAPTER 4 Building th e Default Project Until now y ou hav e work ed with th e pre- loaded, de fa ult kern el image on the ta rget. The next step is to rebuild it on your dev el opm ent host PC to familiarize yourself with the build p rocess.
Building the Defaul t Project 30 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide ConnectCo r e 9P 9750: cc9p9750dev Please chec k if the script used t he correct platform and detecte d the right directory to install t he kernel and the nfsr oot direc tory .
31 Application Developm ent Application Development CHAPTER 5 Wr iting ap plications The user applicatio ns are stored in subdi rectory a pps/ of the p roject fo lder . The temp late pro ject inc lu des seve ra l demo ap pl icatio n s for use a s te mplate s to begi n developi ng your own programs.
Writing applications 32 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Using C++ A sample C++ applicati on “h ello_w orld ” is in cluded in “apps/mi sc/sr c/hello_world ” . Y ou can use this sample application as a t emplate t o develop your own C++ applicat ions.
33 Application Developm ent T able 6-3: / proc/cpui nfo content s.
Debugging app lications 34 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Debugging applications The purpose of a debugg er i s to a llow you to see what i s going on hi s own pr ograms whi le they execute.
35 Application Developm ent In the debu g interface type The support ed architectures can be displayed with the fol lowing command: Choose the right archi tecture for your targ et . T ype "c" for conti nue. Y ou can now debug you r application.
Debugging app lications 36 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Included pre-built applications The sources f or the includ ed applications can be found in the soft ware folder on the LxNETE S CD.
37 Application Developm ent Nano-X/micr owindows Nano-X makes it possible to writ e appl i catio ns using the fr amebuf fer with an API similar to Xlib. There are two d emo applications. T o use either you must start with t he nano-X server .
Useful applications 38 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Useful applications mem W ith this appli cation you can read and write t h e contents of the SDRAM.
39 Kernel Developme nt Kernel Development CHAPTER 6 W riting kernel modules What is a kernel module? Modul es are pieces of code th at can be l oaded an d unloa ded into the kernel up on dem and. They a re use ful because t hey extend the functiona lity of the ker nel without the ne e d to reboot the system.
Writing kernel mod ules 40 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Add the modu le to the bu ild envir onme nt Y ou ha ve to edi t "my_kmodu le/Makefile .in" so t h at the build e nviron ment know s what f iles to build. T o incl u de them for the tar get build, append them to ob j-m like "obj -m += my_m odule.
41 Advanced Topics Advanced T opics CHAPTER 7 Modifyi ng the defau lt pr oject The follo wing info rmation is the def ault kern el conf igur ation for L xNET ES : serial baud.
Modifying the d e fault project 42 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Once you have configured the ker nel to your system needs, save the conf iguration and exit.
43 Advanced Topics Building a custom pr oject T o create a custom project, that is a p roject for your custom hardware, first configure the defaul t project . Foll ow the step s described in "Buildi ng the Defaul t Proj ect" up t o running configure.
Boot pr oces s 44 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Boot pr ocess This chap ter descri bes the boot pr ocess of U-Boo t and Linux. Intr oduction A boot loader i s a small piece o f software that execut es soon after powe ring up a computer .
45 Advanced Topics ConnectCor e 9P 9360/9750 On the Connect Core 9P 9360 and Connec tCore 9P 9750 modules, t he SPI boot loader is loaded from the SPI EEPROM which initializes t he RAM. Then additional code (~1kB) is loaded into RAM (address 0x0).
Linux boot metho ds 46 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Linux boot methods Linux is bo oted by U-Boot in one o f the f ollowing ways: TFTP/NF S Flash memory USB storage device (e.g. an USB memory st ick) The following i nformation describes each boot method.
47 Advanced Topics NOR Flash Use the foll owing commands if you hav e NOR Flash (simi lar to boo ting from NAND). USB It is possibl e to load a kerne l image from a USB storage device. Copy the kernal to the F A T part ition o f the USB dev ic e.
Linux boot pr ocess 48 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Upda te the ken el from th e USB stick to the me mory a nd write it to flas h memory . Linux boot pr ocess The command “ bootm” uncompress the kernel and runs the f unction st art_kernel().
49 Advanced Topics Uncomp ressing Linux. ......... ......... ....... .......... ......... ....... ......... ......... . done, bo oting the kern el.
Linux boot pr ocess 50 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide If a wrong comman d line paramete r for "console= " is used, nothi ng will be displ ayed after "done, booting the kernel". The syst em may continue to bo ot. Y ou may connect to the target by T elnet after telnetd is config u red .
51 Advanced Topics Updating a running sy stem (the easy way) On a running system, that is a system able t o start the boot lo ader, U- Boot contains pre- defined macr os that can update t he on-module fl ash memory . Power up (o r reset) the target.
Linux boot pr ocess 52 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide S tep 1: Download the new image file to RAM The first step is to download the image into RAM. Speci fy the start address, the end address, and t he size of the image i n RAM, for example: S tep 2: Erase the Flash partition The second step is to erase the Flash partiti on sectors.
53 Advanced Topics For modules wi th NOR flash, use this comman d: ConnectCor e 9P 9360/9750 The followi ng commands are to upda te the U-Boot loader , Kernel image, and Root file system. U-Boot T o update the U-Boot boot lo ader, type: mw.
Updating a corrupted syste m using a debugger 54 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Updating a corrupted syst em using a deb u gger ConnectCor e 9P 9360/9750 If the Flash memory has become corrupted and the system cannot boot anym ore, then the Flash memory must b e re-programmed using the JT AG i nterface and the JT AG-Booster .
55 Root File Sy stem Types Root File System T ypes CHAPTER 8 The following de scri bes the dif ferent possibilities which can be used as root file system. The type of rootfs must be passed a s an ar gument to kernel by means of the bootar gs environment variable of U-Boot.
56 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide This scrip t does three s teps (that you ca n also do manually): S tep 1: Set bootargs to be passed to the kernel The enviro nment al var i able boo targs must be u pdat ed t o te ll L i nux that t he roo tfs is taken via NFS.
57 Root File Sy stem Types JFFS2 JFFS is a l og-structured journaling flash fi le system which was desig ned to be used on Flash d evices in embedded systems. It was ori ginall y develope d fo r the 2.0 k ernel b y Axis Communicati ons.
58 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide The message above i s printed if t h e file system was not cleanly unmou nted. The system should not be po wered o ff before all par titions are u nmoun ted. Aft er a clea n un mount, the message should disappear .
59 Root File Sy stem Types Y ou should use a separate data partition fo r your data which is frequently updated so your rootfs does not get corrupted.
60 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide.
61 Interfaces & Devices Interfaces & Devices CHAPTER 9 The following i nterfaces and devic es are supported in the current LxNETES version: Refer to th e docu m e ntatio .
62 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide USB host inte rface A USB host driver is includ ed and enabl ed i n the default kernel confi gur at ion.
63 Interfaces & Devices Compact f lash interface CC9P6360/9750 A driver for the internal Compact Flash (CF) card interface i s inc luded and enabl ed in the defaul t kernel configu r ation.
64 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide The n ext step is to sto re this inf ormation into the R TC. Use the appl icati on hwcl ock: Now you can r eset or power of f your t arget. The small battery o n the devel opment boar d will keep the correct ti me/d ate valu es and are save d when you power up you r tar get again.
65 ••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••• • Appendix A Relate d documentation CD contents The CD contains a ll the necessary so ftware and documentat ion needed for LxNETES.
Related documentation 66 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide There following fol ders are on the CD: Readme.txt Briefly d escribes LxNETES and lists the CD content s. RelNote s.txt Contains the last release information. install .sh A script to i nstall LxNETES on your h ost computer .
67 Connect Cor e 9P 9360 (CC9P9 360) Connect Cor e 9P 9750 (CC9P9 750) hardware This folder contains hardware sp ecific content. T he JT AG Boo s ter so ftware (if supporte d by th e target platfor m) is lo cated here, hardware reference manuals and (dep ending on yo ur target p latform) fi les for CPLD logic.
Memory layo uts 68 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide upstream LxNETES is based on var ious open source projects. The original source code from these project s i s stored in t his folder .
69 ConnectCor e 9P 936 0 / Connect Core 9P 9750 RAM Start Address RAM End Address Description Used by 0x0000000 0 0x0008000 0 U-Boot sta ck U-Boot 0x0008000 0 TEXT_BASE 0x0008000.
Memory layo uts 70 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide.
71 ••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••• • Appendix B U-Boot command r eference This chapter gives an overvie w of common used U-Boot commands.
U-Boot comman d reference 72 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide # help # ? - alias for 'help' # autoscr - run script from memory # base - print or set address offset # bdinfo - print Board Info structure # boot - boot default, i.
73 Each of th ese commands has addi tional help av ai lable, which can be viewed by entering help <command>. The followi ng table explains some of the more of ten used co m mands: All nume ric val ues, which are needed for differ ent command s, are interpreted as HEX value s.
U-Boot comman d reference 74 LxNETES Us er’s Gu ide Note that not all U-Boot commands ar e support ed by ever y plat fo rm . The followi ng ta ble shows which are av ai lable: .
75 The command “ run” allows to exe cute variables as sequence od commands. Here valu es of other variables could be used t o simplify the scripts. (e. g. $(filesize) ) Example ( A9M24x 0): The following va riables are available: ipaddr = 192.
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