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Remot e S up e r v i sor A da pt e r Us e r ’ s G u ide .
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Remot e S u p e r v i sor Adap t e r Us e r ’ s G u ide .
Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information in Appendix B, “Notices” on page 109. Sixth Edition (October 2002) © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2001, 2002. All rights reserved.
Contents Chapter 1. Introduction ...................... 1 Remote Supervisor Adapter features ................. 1 Web browser requirements ..................... 2 Notices used in this book ..................... 2 Chapter 2. Opening and using the ASM Web interface .
Accessing remote adapters through an ASM interconnect network ...... 6 2 Chapter 6. Starting and configuring the ASM text-based interface .... 6 5 Accessing the text-based interface through a T elnet connection ....... 6 5 Accessing the text-based interface through a direct serial connection .
Chapter 1. Introduction This manual explains how to use the functions of the IBM ® Remote Supervisor Adapter when you install it in an IBM Eserv er xSeries ™ server . The IBM Remote Supervisor Adapter is one of the products in the Advanced System Management (ASM) family .
Web browser requirements The Remote Supervisor Adapter supports the following Web browsers for remote access. The W eb browser that you use must be Java ™ -enabled and must support JavaScript ™ 1.2 or later . v Microsoft ® Internet Explorer version 4.
Chapter 2. Opening and using the ASM W eb interface T o access the Remote Supervisor Adapter remotely using the ASM Web interface, you must log in to the adapter . This chapter describes the login procedures and describes the actions you can perform from the ASM Web interface.
configuration for enhanced security . 3. Select a timeout value from the drop-down list in the field provided. If your browser is inactive for that number of minutes, the Remote Supervisor Adapter logs you off the ASM Web interface. 4. Click Continue to start the session.
gives you a quick view of the server status. For descriptions of the actions that you can perform from the links in the left navigation pane of the ASM Web interface, see “Remote Supervisor Adapter and ASM processor action descriptions” on page 7.
Logging in to the ASM processor in an xSeries 330 server The integrated ASM processor on the system board of an xSeries 330 server enables you to monitor the health of the managed server , view the server event log and vital product data, configure alerts and alert recipients, and perform power and restart operations on the server .
Note: The ASM processor is set initially with a user name of USERID and password of PASSW0RD (with a zero, not an O). This user has read/write access. Change this default password during your initial configuration for enhanced security . 5. The System Health page for the monitored server is displayed.
T able 1. Actions available when logged in to a Remote Supervisor Adapter or when logged in to the ASM processor in an xSeries 330 server (continued) Link Action Description Power/Restart Remotely pow.
T able 1. Actions available when logged in to a Remote Supervisor Adapter or when logged in to the ASM processor in an xSeries 330 server (continued) Link Action Description Network Interfaces Configu.
names used by the ASM Web interface are identical; however , the information and functions that are supported differ . In the following table, these features are explained as they function when you are logged in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter and not the ASM processor .
T able 2. Actions available when logged in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter installed in an xSeries 330 server (continued) Link Action Description Configuration File Back up and restore the Remote Sup.
12 Remote Supervisor Adapter: User ’s Guide.
Chapter 3. Configuring your Remote Supervisor Adapter or ASM processor Use the links under ASM Control in the navigation pane to configure the Remote Supervisor Adapter or the ASM processor in an xSeries 330 server .
Setting system information Complete the following steps to set your Remote Supervisor Adapter system information: 1. Log in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter where you want to set the system information. For more information, see Chapter 2, “Opening and using the ASM Web interface” on page 3.
4. In the ID number field, assign the Remote Supervisor Adapter a unique identification number . 5. In the Contact field, type the contact information. For example, you can specify the name and phone number of the person to contact if there is a problem with this server .
POST watchdog Use the POST watchdog field to specify the number of minutes that the Remote Supervisor Adapter or ASM processor will wait for this server to complete a power-on self-test (POST).
interval is exceeded, the Remote Supervisor Adapter or ASM processor generates a loader timeout alert and automatically restarts the system. After the system is restarted, the loader timeout is automa.
interrupt usually indicates a critical error such as a hardware fault. A nonmaskable interrupt usually signals a parity error in the memory subsystem. T o disable the automatic server restart after a nonmaskable interrupt, select Disabled . Note: The NMI reset delay field is not available on all servers.
similar to the one in the following illustration opens. 5. In the Date field, type the numbers of the current month, day , and year in the matching entry fields. 6. In the T ime field, type the numbers corresponding to the current hour , minutes, and seconds in the appropriate entry fields.
following illustration opens. 4. Click one of the unused login profile links. An individual profile window similar to the one in the following illustration opens. 5. In the Login ID field, type the name of the profile. Y ou can type a maximum of 15 characters in the Login ID field.
6. In the Authority level field, select either Read Only or Read / W rite to set the access rights for this login ID. Read Only The user can use the Read Only option to view a window , but not to make changes.
5. T o allow remote users to dial in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter or ASM processor through a serial connection, select Enabled in the Logins through a modem connection field.
2. For an xSeries 330 server: If you want to configure a remote alert recipient on the ASM processor , log in to the ASM processor . For more information, see “Logging in to the ASM processor in an xSeries 330 server” on page 6. 3. In the navigation pane, click Alerts .
Notes: a. T o configure a remote alert recipient for IBM Director over Modem or IBM Director over LAN, the remote alert recipient must be a server with the Director Management Server installed. b. The IBM Director over Modem option is supported in only IBM Director versions 2.
Note: All selected alert events are sent to all configured remote alert recipients. Forwarding alerts The Alert Forwarding setting applies only to alerts forwarded from the integrated system management processor (ISMP) on an ASM interconnect network.
Complete the following steps to set the number of times the Remote Supervisor Adapter or ASM processor attempts to send an alert: 1. Log in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter on which you want to set remote alert attempts. For more information, see Chapter 2, “Opening and using the ASM Web interface” on page 3.
2. For an xSeries 330 server: T o set the remote alert attempts on the ASM processor , log in to the ASM processor . For more information, see “Remote Supervisor Adapter and ASM processor action descriptions” on page 7. 3. In the navigation pane, click Alerts and scroll down to the Monitored Alerts section.
T able 4. W arning remote alerts Alphanumeric pager code Event Action 10 Redundant power supply failure Generates an alert if a redundant power supply fails. 1 1 Single fan failure Generates an alert if one fan fails. 12 T emperature irregularity Generates an alert if any monitored temperatures are outside the warning threshold values.
Setting local events Complete the following steps to select the local events to which the Remote Supervisor Adapter or ASM processor will respond: 1. Log in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter where you want to set local events. For more information, see Chapter 2, “Opening and using the ASM Web interface” on page 3.
able to monitor the serial port in the operating system or in any other applications. This design enables a single serial port to conduct normal functions and also maintain out-of-band alerting capabilities. Notes for an xSeries 330 server: 1. The ASM processor on an xSeries 330 server uses the two serial ports on the rear of your server .
If you are logged in to the ASM processor , a window similar to the one in the following illustration opens. Note: Only Serial Port 1 appears on the Serial Port page when you are logged in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter . 4. In the Baud rate field, select the data-transfer rate.
8. If you are logged in to an ASM processor: Select the Dedicate to ASM check box to reserve serial port 1 for the ASM processor . This option is displayed only when you are logged in to an ASM processor .
T able 7. Port 1 settings (continued) Field What you type Hangup string T ype the initialization string that will be used to instruct the modem to disconnect. A default string is provided (A TH0). Do not change this string unless your dial-out functions are not working properly .
Configuring network interfaces On the Network Interfaces page, you can set access to the Remote Supervisor Adapter by: v Configuring an Ethernet connection to a Remote Supervisor Adapter v Configuring.
Y ou can enter a maximum of 63 characters in this field, which represents the IP host name of the Remote Supervisor Adapter . The host name defaults to ASMA followed by the Remote Supervisor Adapter burned-in media access control (MAC) address.
The following table describes the functions on the Advanced Ethernet page. T able 8. Advanced Ethernet setup Field Function Data rate Use the Data Rate field to specify the amount of data to be transferred per second over your LAN connection.
Note: If you enable the PPP interface, the Remote Supervisor Adapter cannot use the serial port for serial remote access. Complete the following steps to configure PPP access over a serial port: 1. Log in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter where you want to configure PPP access over a serial port.
v The CHAP Only setting uses a three-way handshake procedure to validate the identity of the originator of a connection upon connection at any time later . The challenge handshake authentication protocol (CHAP) is stronger than the P AP protocol and protects against playback and trial-and-error attacks.
4. In the navigation pane, click Network Protocols . A window similar to the one in the following illustration opens. 5. Select Enabled in the SNMP agent and SNMP traps fields to forward alerts to SNMP communities on your network.
page and click Save to save your corrected information. Y ou must configure at least one community to enable this SNMP agent. 7. In the Community Name field, enter a name or authentication string to specify the community . 8. In the corresponding Host Name or IP Address field, enter the host name or IP addresses of each community manager .
13. Scroll to the bottom of the page and click Save . 14. In the navigation pane, click Restart ASM to activate the changes. Configuring SMTP Complete the following steps to specify the IP address or host name of the Simple Mail T ransfer Protocol (SMTP) server: 1.
Using the configuration file When logged in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter , select Configuration File in the navigation pane to: v Back up the ASM configuration v Restore the ASM configuration Backing up your current configuration Y ou can download a copy of your current ASM configuration to the computer that is running the ASM Web interface.
Restoring and modifying your ASM configuration Y ou can restore a saved configuration in full or you can modify key fields in the saved configuration before restoring the configuration to your Remote Supervisor Adapter .
Attention: When you click Restore Defaults , you will lose all the modifications you made to the Remote Supervisor Adapter , ASM processor , or ASM PCI adapter .
Chapter 4. Monitoring remote server status Use the links under the Monitors heading of the navigation pane to view the status of the server you are accessing.
following illustration opens. The status of your server determines the message shown at the top of the System Health Summary page. One of the following symbols appears: v A solid green circle and the .
When you click a temperature reading, a window similar to the one in the following illustration opens. The T emperature Thresholds page displays the temperature levels at which the Remote Supervisor Adapter or ASM processor reacts. The temperature threshold values are preset on the remote server and cannot be changed.
Note: The hard shutdown alert is sent only if a soft shutdown alert has not yet been sent. 5. Scroll down to the voltages section. The Remote Supervisor Adapter or ASM processor will send an alert if any monitored power source voltage falls outside its specified operational ranges.
the server immediately shuts down and sends an alert to configured remote alert recipients. Y ou must select the V oltage check box on the Alerts page for the alert to be sent. Note: The hard shutdown alert is sent only if a soft shutdown alert has not yet been sent.
3. In the navigation pane, click Event Log to view the recent history of events on the server . A window similar to the one in the following illustration opens.
Viewing vital product data Upon server startup, the Remote Supervisor Adapter or ASM processor collects system, basic input/output (BIOS) information, and server component vital product data (VPD) and stores it in nonvolatile memory . Y ou can access this information at any time from almost any computer .
Component Activity Log Y ou can find a record of component activity in this section. T able 1 1. Component activity log Field Function FRU number Identifies the field replaceable unit (FRU) number (a seven-digit alphanumeric identifier) of the component.
T able 14. ASM vital product data Field Function Firmware type Identifies the ASM firmware component type: main application, boot ROM, or remote control. Build ID Identifies the build IDs and vital product data of the application firmware and the startup ROM firmware.
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Chapter 5. Performing Remote Supervisor Adapter tasks Use the functions under the T asks heading in the navigation pane to directly control the actions of the Remote Supervisor Adapter and your server . The tasks you can perform depend on the server in which the Remote Supervisor Adapter is installed.
Server power and restart activity The Server Power and Restart Activity section displays the power status of the server when the Web page was generated. Power The Power field shows the power status of the server at the time this Web page was generated.
Remotely controlling the power status of a server The Remote Supervisor Adapter provides full remote power control over your server with power on, power off, and restart actions. In addition, power-on and restart statistics are captured and displayed to show server hardware availability .
Remote Supervisor Adapter device driver is installed. Y ou might also need to install IBM Director Agent. For more information, see the Attention notice at the beginning of this section. Shutdown O/S and then restart server T o restart the operating system, click Shutdown O/S and then Restart Server .
2. In the navigation pane, click Remote Boot . 3. Click Remote Booting From a Diskette Image . 4. Select the diskette image file. 5. Click Boot Server . After the file transfer is complete, a confirmation window opens. 6. Click Continue in the confirmation window to start the server using the transferred image.
3. Click Redirect Server Console . A Java applet opens in a separate browser window . 4. In the Password field, enter the remote control password. This password is configured locally on the server in the BIOS setup menu (accessed by pressing F1 in POST).
Note: The Windows blue screen capture is available only if the Microsoft Windows NT or Windows 2000 operating system is installed. Complete the following steps to remotely access a server blue-screen image: 1. Log in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter .
13. T o log in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter again, open your browser and follow your regular login process. Note: T o cancel this process, click Cancel . Accessing remote adapters through an ASM interconnect network Y ou can connect to remote systems through the ASM interconnect network from the Access Remote ASM link.
Direct LAN Connection Click the IP address link to bypass the ASM interconnect connection and to connect to a remote system directly through your Ethernet network.
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Chapter 6. Starting and configuring the ASM text-based interface Y ou can establish a T elnet connection or a direct serial connection to remotely access the Remote Supervisor Adapter or the ASM processor on an xSeries 330 server through the text-based user interface.
Use the following keys to navigate through the windows in the text-based interface: v Press the Up Arrow and Down Arrow keys ( ↑ and ↓ ) to navigate the Advanced System Management window . v Press Esc to exit to the Advanced System Management window .
1. Select T erminal → Preferences . The T erminal Preferences window opens. 2. Select the following check box options: v Blinking Cursor or Block Cursor v VT100 Arrows v VT -100/ANSI 3. Click Fonts . The Font window opens. 4. In the Font field, select T erminal .
Complete the following steps to remotely access Remote Supervisor Adapters or ASM processors on the ASM interconnect network: 1. If you have not already done so, start a T elnet session or establish a direct serial connection. 2. Log in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter .
Chapter 7. Configuring your Remote Supervisor Adapter using a text-based interface In the Advanced System Management window , use the Settings options under the Setup heading to configure your Remote Supervisor Adapter values.
3. In the Advanced System Management window , select Settings . The Settings window opens. 4. In the Settings window , select System . A window similar to the one in the following illustration opens. ASMDEMO ASMDEMO Note: Depending on whether you are logged in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter or ASM processor , some options are not available.
Setting server timeouts Complete the following steps to set your server timeout values: 1. Log in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter . For more information, see “Accessing the text-based interface through a T elnet connection” on page 65 or “Accessing the text-based interface through a direct serial connection” on page 66.
constructed POST routine available only on specific IBM servers. If this routine does not exist on your server , all settings in this field are ignored.
Power Off Delay Attention: Read the following information to prevent the loss of data or damage to data when you perform a remote shutdown of your operating system: a.
1. Log in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter . For more information, see “Accessing the text-based interface through a T elnet connection” on page 65 or “Accessing the text-based interface through a direct serial connection” on page 66. 2. For an xSeries 330 server: Log in to the ASM processor .
5. In the Login & Alert Profiles window , select Login Profiles . A window similar to the one in the following illustration opens. Use the Login Profiles window to view , configure, or change individual login profiles. Y ou can define up to 12 unique profiles.
Read-Only Enables the user to view a window but not to make changes. Additionally , users who log in with read-only IDs are unable to perform file transfers, power and restart actions, or remote control functions.
5. In the Login & Alert Profiles window , select Login Settings . A window similar to the one in the following illustration opens. 6. In the Dial-in Support Status field, select Enabled to enable remote users to dial in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter or ASM processor through a serial connection.
3. In the Advanced System Management window , select Settings . The Settings window opens. 4. In the Settings window , select Login & Alert Profiles . 5. In the Login & Alert Profiles window , select Remote Alert Recipients .A window similar to the following opens.
v IBM Director over modem v SNMP over PPP v E-mail over PPP T ype an IP address or host name if you are using the IBM Director over LAN method. 9. In the Status field, select Enabled to activate this remote alert recipient. 10. Select Enabled in the Receive critical alerts only field if you want the recipient to receive only critical alerts.
Note: For the E-mail over LAN and E-mail over PPP notification methods to work properly , configure the SMTP options on the Network Interfaces/Protocols window . For more information about SMTP , see “Configuring SMTP” on page 94. 16. Press F4 or press Enter to apply your changes.
10. Press F3 to return to the Login & Alert Profiles window . Setting remote alerts Complete the following steps to select which remote alerts are to be sent by the Remote Supervisor Adapter: 1.
Critical alerts Critical alerts are generated for events that signal that the server is no longer functioning. T able 18. Critical remote alerts Alphanumeric pager code Event Action 00 T emperature irregularity Generates an alert if any of the monitored temperatures are outside critical threshold values.
6. Press F3 and select System Remote Alerts . System alerts System alerts are generated for events that occur as a result of system errors. T able 20. System remote alerts Alphanumeric pager code Event Action 20 POST timeout Generates an alert if an enabled POST timeout value is exceeded.
T able 21. Local events (continued) Event Action Fan failure Generates a local notification if one or more cooling fans fails. Power supply failure Generates a local notification if a power supply failure is detected. DASD failure Generates a local notification if a hard disk drive failure is detected.
4. In the Settings window , select Serial Port 1 . A window similar to the one in the following illustration opens. ASMDEMO 5. In the Baud Rate field, select a data-transfer rate. The baud rate specifies the data-transfer rate of your serial port connection.
T able 22. Port 1 settings Field What you enter Initialization string T ype the initialization string that will be used for the specified modem. A default string is provided (A TE0). Do not change this string unless your dial-out functions are not working properly .
MNP microcom networking protocol RTS ready to send Configuring network interfaces With the network interface options, you can set access to the Remote Supervisor Adapter by: v Configuring an Ethernet .
Note: The values in the following window are examples. Y our settings will be different. ASMDEMO Server 1 Server 1 5. In the Interface field, select Enabled . It is enabled by default. 6. If you want to use a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) server connection, select Enable in the DHCP field; then, go to step 1 1.
v No spaces or consecutive periods 10. In the Subnet Mask field, type the subnet mask used by the Remote Supervisor Adapter . This step is necessary only if you disabled DHCP . The subnet mask must contain: v Four integers from 0 through 255 separated by periods v No spaces or consecutive periods The default setting is 255.
If DHCP is enabled, the host name, IP address, gateway address, subnet mask, and DNS server IP address are set automatically . 14. Press F3 until you reach the Network Interfaces/Protocols window and then select Restart ASM .
7. In the Remote IP Address field, enter the remote IP address that this Remote Supervisor Adapter will assign to a remote user . The field defaults to 192.96.1.2. The remote IP address must contain: v Four integers from 0 through 255 separated by periods v No spaces 8.
1. Log in to the Remote Supervisor Adapter . For more information, see “Accessing the text-based interface through a T elnet connection” on page 65 or “Accessing the text-based interface through a direct serial connection” on page 66. 2. In the Advanced System Management window , select Settings .
7. Select a community option. A Community window opens. Y ou need to set up a community to define the administrative relationship between SNMP agents and SNMP managers.
Use the fields in the Host T able section to define relationships between an IP address and its corresponding host name in the event that your network DNS server is unreachable.
3. In the Advanced System Management window , select Settings . 4. In the Settings window , select the ASM Processor Clock , which shows the date and time when this window was generated.
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Chapter 8. Checking system health and performing tasks through the text-based interface Use the options under the Monitors heading in the Advanced System Management window to view the status of the server that you want to access. Note: F1 through F4 are the only function keys that are supported in the text-based interface.
W arning When a temperature reaches a certain value, a temperature alert is sent to configured remote alert recipients (if the Non-Critical T emperature field is set to Enabled in the Critical/W arning Remote Alerts window).
Note: The hard shutdown alert is sent only if a soft shutdown alert has not yet been sent. W arning Reset When the voltage drops below or exceeds the warning voltage range and then recovers to that range, the server assumes the voltage has returned to normal and no further alerts are generated.
I (information) This severity level is assigned to an event of which you should take note. W (warning) This severity level is assigned to an event that could affect server performance. E (error) This severity level is assigned to an event that needs immediate attention.
T able 24. Machine level vital product data Field Function Machine type Identifies the type of server the Remote Supervisor Adapter or ASM processor is monitoring. Machine model Identifies the model number of the server the Remote Supervisor Adapter or ASM processor is monitoring.
Diagnostics VPD Y ou can find the diagnostic code VPD for the remote managed server in this section. T able 28. Diagnostics vital product data Field Function V ersion Indicates the version number of the diagnostic code. Build level Indicates the level of the diagnostic code.
Note: F1 through F4 are the only function keys that are supported in the text-based interface. Remotely controlling the power status of a server The Remote Supervisor Adapter provides full remote power control over your server with power-on, power-off, and restart actions.
Shutdown O/S and then Power Off Server . This option requires that the Remote Supervisor Adapter device driver is installed. Y ou might also need to install IBM Director Agent. For more information, see the Attention notice at the beginning of this section.
3. Select Redirect T ext Console . A submenu opens. 4. Select Redirect T ext Console on the submenu. The Redirect T ext Console window opens and the text that is displayed during the server POST displays on your screen. 5. Press Ctrl+R+E+T to return to the Advanced System Management window .
Restarting ASM Y ou can use the Restart ASM option to restart the Remote Supervisor Adapter if you have read/write access. Y our TCP/IP or modem connections will be lost and you will need to log in again to use the ASM Web interface.
Appendix A. Getting help and technical assistance If you need help, service, or technical assistance or just want more information about IBM products, you will find a wide variety of sources available from IBM to assist you.
Y ou can find service information for your IBM products, including supported options, at http://www .ibm.com/pc/support/. If you click Profile from the support page, you can create a customized support page.
Appendix B. Notices This publication was developed for products and services offered in the U.S.A. IBM may not offer the products, services, or features discussed in this document in other countries. Consult your local IBM representative for information on the products and services currently available in your area.
T rademarks The following terms are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both: e-business logo IBM IntelliStation Predictive Failure Anal.
IBM makes no representation or warranties regarding non-IBM products and services that are ServerProven ® , including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. These products are of fered and warranted solely by third parties.
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Index A alerts configuring recipients for 22, 77 forwarding from ISMP 25 selecting to send critical 27, 82 system 28, 83 warning 27, 82 setting remote 81 setting remote attempts 26, 80 alphanumeric pa.
N navigation links available 7 navigation links available (xSeries 330 servers) 9 network interfaces configuring Ethernet connection 34, 87 configuring PPP access 36, 90 network protocols configuring .
T temperature monitoring 46, 97 terminal emulation settings, configuring 66 text console, viewing 104 text-based interface accessing using serial connection 66 accessing using T elnet 65 configuring t.
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Part Number: 48P9833 Printed in U.S.A. (1P) P/N: 48P9833.
Een belangrijk punt na aankoop van elk apparaat IBM Remote Supervisor Adapter (of zelfs voordat je het koopt) is om de handleiding te lezen. Dit moeten wij doen vanwege een paar simpele redenen:
Als u nog geen IBM Remote Supervisor Adapter heb gekocht dan nu is een goed moment om kennis te maken met de basisgegevens van het product. Eerst kijk dan naar de eerste pagina\'s van de handleiding, die je hierboven vindt. Je moet daar de belangrijkste technische gegevens IBM Remote Supervisor Adapter vinden. Op dit manier kan je controleren of het apparaat aan jouw behoeften voldoet. Op de volgende pagina's van de handleiding IBM Remote Supervisor Adapter leer je over alle kenmerken van het product en krijg je informatie over de werking. De informatie die je over IBM Remote Supervisor Adapter krijgt, zal je zeker helpen om een besluit over de aankoop te nemen.
In een situatie waarin je al een beziter van IBM Remote Supervisor Adapter bent, maar toch heb je de instructies niet gelezen, moet je het doen voor de hierboven beschreven redenen. Je zult dan weten of je goed de alle beschikbare functies heb gebruikt, en of je fouten heb gemaakt die het leven van de IBM Remote Supervisor Adapter kunnen verkorten.
Maar de belangrijkste taak van de handleiding is om de gebruiker bij het oplossen van problemen te helpen met IBM Remote Supervisor Adapter . Bijna altijd, zal je daar het vinden Troubleshooting met de meest voorkomende storingen en defecten #MANUAl# samen met de instructies over hun opplosinge. Zelfs als je zelf niet kan om het probleem op te lossen, zal de instructie je de weg wijzen naar verdere andere procedure, bijv. door contact met de klantenservice of het dichtstbijzijnde servicecentrum.
