Gebruiksaanwijzing /service van het product 8600 van de fabrikant Nortel Networks
Ga naar pagina of 88
Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology Release: 5.0 Document Revision: 01.01 www.nortel.com NN46205-102 323376-A Rev 01 ..
Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Release: 5.0 Publication: NN46205-102 Document status: Standard Document release date: 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks All Rights Reserved.
3 . Contents Software license 5 New in this release 9 Other changes 9 Terminology 9 Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks .
4 Introduction 11 A1 3 B1 7 C2 1 D2 5 E2 9 F3 1 G3 3 H3 5 I3 7 J4 1 L4 3 M4 7 N5 3 O5 5 P5 7 Q6 3 R6 5 S7 1 T7 7 U8 1 V8 3 W8 5 Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.
5 . Software license This section contains the Nortel Networks software license. Nortel Networks Inc. software license agreement This Software License Agreement ("License Agreement") is between you, the end-user ("Customer") and Nortel Networks Corporation and its subsidiaries and affiliates ("Nortel Networks").
6 Software license of this Agreement. Customer shall not a) use, copy, modify, transfer or distribute the Software except as expressly authorized; b) reverse assemble, reverse compile, reverse enginee.
Nortel Networks Inc. software license agreement 7 software documentation and, in the event Software is licensed for or on behalf of the United States Government, the respective rights to the software and software documentation are governed by Nortel Networks standard commercial license in accordance with U.
8 Software license Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
9 . Ne w in this release The following section details what’s new in Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology, NN46205-102 for Release 5.0: • “Other changes” (page 9) Other changes For .
10 New in this release Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
11 . Intr oduction This document provides information about the terms and acronyms used in the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 documentation. Navigation • “A” (page 13) • “B” (page 17).
12 Introduction • “V” (page 83) • “W” (page 85) Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks .
13 . A access control entry (ACE) One of the filter rules that comprise an access control list (ACL). A filter rule statement defines a pattern (in a packet) and the desired behavior for packets that carry the pattern. When the packets match an ACE rule, the specified action executes.
14 A address resolution unit (ARU) An application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that makes forwarding decisions that do not require CPU activity and, therefore; does not adversely affect forwarding speed. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) A privacy protocol.
Navigation 15 attenuation The decrease in signal strength in an optical fiber caused by absorption and scattering. attribute A unit of data that is used by BGP to describe any of the following prefixes: AS-PATH, LOCAL-PREF, NEXT-HOP, and so on.
16 A Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
17 . B backplane forwarding module (BFM) Connects the switching module on the Web Switching Module (WSM) and SSL Acceleration Module (SAM) to the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 backplane. backup designated router (BDR) Assumes the designated router (DR) role for the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol if the DR fails.
18 B bit error rate (BER) The ratio of the number of bit errors to the total number of bits transmitted in a given time interval. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) An inter-domain routing protocol that provides loop-free inter-domain routing between autonomous systems (ASs) or within an AS.
Navigation 19 bootstrap router (BSR) A dynamically elected Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) router that collects information about potential Rendezvous Point routers and distributes the information to all PIM routers in the domain.
20 B Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
21 . C cable assembly An optical-fiber cable with connectors installed on one or both ends. The cable assembly interconnects the cabling system with opto-electronic equipment at either end of the system. Cable assemblies with connectors only on one end are called pigtails.
22 C Circuitless IP A virtual interface that does not map to any physical interface. This interface is often called a loopback . class of service (CoS) A method used to manage traffic congestion based on the CoS level assigned to the packet.
Navigation 23 community A BGP attribute that contains a list of 32-bit values used to identify a route as belonging to a category of routes. All of the routes in the category are treated equally by routing policies.
24 C Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
25 . D Data Encryption Standard (DES) A cryptographic algorithm that protects unclassified computer data. The National Institute of Standards and Technology publishes the DES in the Federal Information Processing Standard Publication 46-1.
26 D dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) A technology that uses many optical signals (16 or more) with different wavelengths to simultaneously transmit in the same direction across one fiber, and then separates by wavelength at the distant end.
Navigation 27 Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) The first six bits of the DS field. The DSCP uses packet marking to guarantee a fixed percentage of total bandwidth to each of several applications (guarantees Quality of Service).
28 D Distributed MultiLink Trunking (DMLT) A point-to-point connection that aggregates similar ports from different modules to logically act like a single port, but with the aggregated bandwidth. distribution tree A set of multicast routers and subnetworks that allow the group members to receive traffic from a source.
29 . E Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Electromagnetic radiation released from an electronic device that disrupts the operation or performance of another device.
30 E explicit route (ER) Defines one or more hops in the label switched path (LSP) in a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network. explicit path A Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) hop-by hop tunnel that terminates on an interface IP address on the egress Label Edge Router (LER).
31 . F far end fault indication (FEFI) Determines that one of two unidirectional fibers, that form the connection between two switches, fails. Feedback Output Queue (FOQ) A mechanism that helps the Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 avoid switch fabric congestion.
32 F Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
33 . G Generalized Regular Expression Parser (GREP) A Unix command used to search files for lines that match a given regular expression (RE). get nearest server (GNS) A request used by Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) clients to find a login server.
34 G Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
35 . H High Availability (HA) Activates two CPUs simultaneously. The CPUs exchange topology data so, if a failure occurs, either CPU can take precedence in less than 1 second with the most recent topology data. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Communications protocol for the Web.
36 H Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
37 . I incoming label map (ILM) An index used to map an incoming labeled packet to an NHLFE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) An international professional society that issues .
38 I Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) The central registry for various assigned numbers, for example, Internet protocol parameters (such as port, protocol, and enterprise numbers), options, codes, and types.
Navigation 39 Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) The protocol used to format packets for the Internet and many enterprise networks. IPv4 provides packet routing and reassembly. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) An improved version of the IP protocol.
40 I Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
41 . J jitter The delay variance between received packets. Packets may not arrive at the destination address in consecutive order, or on a timely basis, and the signal can vary from its original reference timing. This distortion damages multimedia traffic.
42 J Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
43 . L label A fixed length header that an LSR uses to forward packets along a Label Switched Path (LSP). A label represents a FEC. label binding An association between a label and a FEC, which can be advertised to neighbors to establish an LSP.
44 L label edge router (LER) Resides at the network edge to initiate and terminate label switched paths and assign packets to forward equivalence class (FEC) as traffic enters the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network. label information base (LIB) A table of incoming labels, outgoing labels, and interface mappings.
Navigation 45 last member query interval (LMQI) The time between when the last IGMP member leaves the group and the stream stops. latency The time between when a node sends a message and receipt of the message by another node; also referred to as propagation delay.
46 L link-state advertisement (LSA) Packets that contain state information about directly connected links (interfaces) and adjacencies. Each Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) router generates the packets. link-state database (LSDB) A database built by each OSPF router to store LSA information.
47 . M management information base (MIB) Defines system operations and parameters used for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). marking A process that uses defined rules to assign the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) in a packet.
48 M Media Access Control (MAC) Arbitrates access to and from a shared medium. media access unit (MAU) The equipment in a communications system that adapts or formats signals, such as optical signals, for transmission over the propagation medium.
Navigation 49 multihomed AS An AS that has multiple connections to one or more ASs and does not carry transit traffic. Multicast Link Discovery (MLD) An asymmetric protocol. MLD specifies separate behaviors for multicast address listeners and multicast routers.
50 M multiplexing Carriage of multiple channels over a single transmission medium; a process where a dedicated circuit is shared by multiple users. Typically, data streams intersperse on a bit or byte basis (time division), or separate by different carrier frequencies (frequency division).
Navigation 51 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) A technique promoted by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that integrates the label-swapping paradigm with network-layer routing to flexibly provide high-speed services with quality-of-service guarantees over IP and ATM networks.
52 M Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
53 . N nanometer (nm) One billionth of a meter (10 9 meter). A unit of measure commonly used to express the wavelengths of light. neighbor discovery (ND) Used by IPv6 nodes (routers and hosts) on the same link to discover link layer addresses and obtain and advertise various network parameters and reachability information.
54 N network-to-network interface (NNI) An interface between two networks in different management domains. next hop The next hop to which a packet can be sent to advance the packet to the destination. Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry (NHLFE) n index used to forward a labeled packet.
55 . O Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) A link-state routing protocol used as an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) A suite of communication protocols, network architectures, and network management standards produced by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
56 O Optical Carrier-level 3 concatenation (OC-3c/STM-1) An optical fiber transmission system that carries Synchronous Transport Signal (STS)-3c/Synchronous Transport Module (STM)-1 frame structures at 155 Mbit/s. Concatenation means only one logical data stream (rather than supporting a channelized structure) exists.
57 . P Packet Capture Tool (PCAP) A data packet capture tool that captures ingress and egress (E-modules only) packets on selected I/O ports. You can analyze captured packets for troubleshooting purposes. packet loss Expressed as a percentage of packets dropped over a specified interval.
58 P peak cell rate (PCR) The upper limit on the time interval between two consecutive ATM cell emissions. penultimate router Penultimate means next-to-last. In this case, it refers to the next-to-last provider router in the network. per-hop behavior (PHB) A traffic class forwarding treatment based on criteria defined in the DiffServ field.
Navigation 59 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) A network protocol used to dial into an Internet Service Provider (ISP). Serial Line Interface Protocol (SLIP) and PPP provide full Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) capabilities to the casual dial-up user.
60 P prefix A group of contiguous bits, from 0 to 32 bits in length, that defines a set of addresses. primary rate interface (PRI) An integrated service digital network (ISDN) interface standard designed in North America as having 23 circuit-switched B channels and one D channel, which operate at 64 kbit/s.
Navigation 61 Protocol Independent Multicast, Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) Adds a Rendezvous Point router to avoid multicast-data flooding. Use PIM–SM when receivers for multicast data are sparsely distributed throughout the network.
62 P Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
63 . Q quality of service (QoS) The collective effect of service performances that determine the degree of satisfaction of a service user. Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks .
64 Q Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
65 . R Random Access Memory (RAM) Memory into which you can write and read data. A solid state memory device used for transient memory stores. You can enter and retrieve information from any storage position. Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) Reduces the recovery time after a network breakdown.
66 R reduced instruction set computer (RISC) A computer that employs a small, simplified set of frequently used instructions for rapid execution. remarking Changes the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) of a packet, in accordance with a service level agreement (SLA).
Navigation 67 remote monitoring (RMON) A remote monitoring standard for Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)-based management information bases (MIB). The Internetwork Engineering Task Force (IETF) proposed the RMON standard to provide guidelines for remote monitoring of individual LAN segments.
68 R Report Route Object (RRO) A feature of the RSVP. It allows the path through the MPLS cloud to be displayed at the sender of the path if RRO is set to true.
Navigation 69 Remote Service Provider (RSP) Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) A protocol with traffic engineering extensions, which reserves network resources to establish explicitly routed MPLS tunnels. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Distance-vector-based interior gateway routing protocol.
70 R Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
71 . S Source Address and Destination Address (SA/ DA) Secure Copy (SCP) Securely transfers files between the switch and a remote station. Secure Shell (SSH) Used for secure remote logons and data transfer over the Internet. SSH uses encryption to provide security.
72 S shim MPLS uses a shim header for Ethernet packets so they can accommodate a label in their header. MPLS uses the shim to make forwarding decisions.
Navigation 73 SMLT aggregation switch Connects to multiple wiring closet switches, edge switches, or Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) devices. SMLT client A switch located at the edge of the network, such as in a wiring closet or CPE. An SMLT client switch performs link aggregation but does not require Split MultiLink Trunking (SMLT) intelligence.
74 S SSL Acceleration Module (SAM) Intelligently accelerates secure business transactions and confidential data by off-loading SSL processing from local servers without imposing delays on other traffic in the same data path. sustainable cell rate (SCR) The expected rate of cell transmission on a nonconstant bit rate (CBR) transmission.
Navigation 75 National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard provides transmission from OC-1 to OC-48 and greater. System Administration, Networking and Security Institute (SANS) The research and education organization for network administrators and security professionals.
76 S Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
77 . T TCP (Transport Control Protocol) The main reliable transport protocol used in the Internet (and with BGP). transparent domain identifier (TDI) A User-to-Network Interface (UNI) port configured as transparent service type assigns all traffic to its associated transparent domain using the TDI.
78 T traffic profile The temporal properties of a traffic stream, such as rate. transit AS An AS that has multiple connections to one or more ASs and is used (with certain policy restrictions) to carry both transit and local traffic.
Navigation 79 tunnel groups A collection of RSVP tunnels. Television (TV) A widely used telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures and sound over a distance. Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks .
80 T Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
81 . U universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART) A device that converts outgoing parallel data to serial transmission and incoming serial data to parallel for reception. Universal/Local (U/L) Determines global and local link addresses; used with the Extended Unique Identifier (EUI).
82 U User Datagram Protocol (UDP) In TCP/IP, a packet-level protocol built directly on the Internet Protocol layer. TCP/IP host systems use UDP for application-to-application programs. user-to-network interface (UNI) An interface between ATM user equipment and ATM network equipment.
83 . V variable bit rate (VBR) The capability of the encoding algorithm to dynamically switch between 32 and 24 kbytes/s. view-based access control model (VACM) Provides context, group access, and group security levels based on a predefined subset of management information base (MIB) objects.
84 V virtual private network identifier (VPN-ID) A globally significant VPN identifier. virtual router (VR) An abstract object managed by the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) that acts as a default router for hosts on a shared LAN.
85 . W wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) Simultaneously transmits many colors (wavelengths) of laser light down the same optical fiber to increase the amount of transferred information. Web Switching Module (WSM) Provides content-intelligent processing of Web-based traffic.
86 W Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology NN46205-102 01.01 Standard 30 May 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks ..
.
Nortel Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 Terminology Copyright © 2008 Nortel Networks All Rights Reserved. Printed in Canada and the United States of America Release: 5.0 Publication: NN46205-102 Document status: Standard Document revision: 01.01 Document release date: 30 May 2008 To provide feedback or to report a problem in this document, go to www.
Een belangrijk punt na aankoop van elk apparaat Nortel Networks 8600 (of zelfs voordat je het koopt) is om de handleiding te lezen. Dit moeten wij doen vanwege een paar simpele redenen:
Als u nog geen Nortel Networks 8600 heb gekocht dan nu is een goed moment om kennis te maken met de basisgegevens van het product. Eerst kijk dan naar de eerste pagina\'s van de handleiding, die je hierboven vindt. Je moet daar de belangrijkste technische gegevens Nortel Networks 8600 vinden. Op dit manier kan je controleren of het apparaat aan jouw behoeften voldoet. Op de volgende pagina's van de handleiding Nortel Networks 8600 leer je over alle kenmerken van het product en krijg je informatie over de werking. De informatie die je over Nortel Networks 8600 krijgt, zal je zeker helpen om een besluit over de aankoop te nemen.
In een situatie waarin je al een beziter van Nortel Networks 8600 bent, maar toch heb je de instructies niet gelezen, moet je het doen voor de hierboven beschreven redenen. Je zult dan weten of je goed de alle beschikbare functies heb gebruikt, en of je fouten heb gemaakt die het leven van de Nortel Networks 8600 kunnen verkorten.
Maar de belangrijkste taak van de handleiding is om de gebruiker bij het oplossen van problemen te helpen met Nortel Networks 8600 . Bijna altijd, zal je daar het vinden Troubleshooting met de meest voorkomende storingen en defecten #MANUAl# samen met de instructies over hun opplosinge. Zelfs als je zelf niet kan om het probleem op te lossen, zal de instructie je de weg wijzen naar verdere andere procedure, bijv. door contact met de klantenservice of het dichtstbijzijnde servicecentrum.