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Oracle® VM Ser ver User’ s Guide Release 2.1.1 E10898-02 F ebr uar y 2008.
Oracle VM Server User ’s Guide, Release 2.1.1 E10898-02 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved . Primary Author: Alison Holloway Contributin g Authors: Ku rt Hackel, Herber t van den Bergh C.
iii Contents Preface ............ ......................... ....................... .............. .......................... ...................... .............. ........................ vii Audience .............. .......................... .......
iv 3.7.3 Remotely Stopping a Guest with the Oracle VM Agent API ............. .............. ............. 3-5 3.8 Oracle VM Agent Utilities .. .............. .......................... ......................... ......................... .......... ..
v B Oracle VM Server Configuration File Oracle VM Server Configuration File ............. ...... ...... ......................... ....................... ............ B-2 C Guest Configuration Files C.1 Configuration File Example 1 ....... ........ ..
vi.
vii Preface The preface contains information on how to use the Oracle VM Server User ’s Guide. The ar eas discussed are: ■ Audience ■ Documentation Accessibility ■ Command Syntax ■ Related D.
viii TTY Access to Oracle Support Services Oracle provides dedicated T ext T elephone (TTY) access to Oracle Support Services within the United States of America 24 ho urs a day , 7 days a week. For TTY support, call 800.446.2398. Ou tside the Un ited States, ca ll +1.
ix Con ventions The following text conventions are used in this document: Con vention Meaning boldface Boldface type indicates graphical us er interface ele m ents associated with an action, or terms defi ned in text or the glossary .
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1 Introduction to Vir tualizatio n 1-1 1 Introduction to Vir tualization This Chapter provides introductory information on virtualization. It discusses why you would want to use virtuali zation, the te chnology provided, and features of Oracle VM.
Xen™ T echnolog y 1-2 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide administration costs, fewer computers ca n be used to achieve the s ame goal. Administration and physical setup is less time consuming and costly . ■ Isolation : V irtual machines run in sand-boxed environments.
Oracle VM Introduction to Vir tualizatio n 1-3 ■ Oracle VM Se rver : A self-contained vir tualization envir onment designed to provide a lightweight, secure, server-based platform for running virtual machines. Oracle VM Server is based upon an updated version of the underlying Xen hypervisor technology , and includes Oracle VM Agent.
Oracle VM 1-4 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide.
2 Oracle VM Ser ver 2-1 2 Orac le VM Ser ver This Chapter contains an overview of Oracle VM Server and the under lying hypervisor , the components of virtual machin es and domains, and gets you started with the tools to create and mana ge guests.
Hyper visor 2-2 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide 2.2 Hypervisor Oracle VM Server is architected such that the hypervisor (or monitor , or V irtual Machine Manager) is the only fully privil eged entity in the system, but is also extremely small and tightly writt en.
Managing Domains Oracle VM Ser ver 2-3 any instruction i s executed which would vi ol ate the isolation with o ther guests or dom0. In the curren t implementation, ther e may be performance penalty fo.
Configuring Oracle VM Ser ver 2-4 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide 2.9 Configuring Oracle VM Server Y ou can configure Oracle VM Server using th e configuration file. Th e config uration file options ar e available in the /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp file.
3 Oracle VM Agent 3-1 3 Orac le VM Ag ent Oracle VM Manager communicates with Oracle VM Agent to create and manage guests on an Oracle VM Server . Oracle VM Agent is installed and configured during the installation of Oracle VM Server. Y ou do not need to install Oracle VM Agent separately .
Configuring Oracle VM Agent 3-2 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide service ovs-agent configure 2. Y ou are prompted whe ther you want to enable SSL (Secur e Sockets Layer) in XMLRPC. ;ssl support -- ;enable ssl suppor t in xmlrpc transp ort?(enable/disable) ssl=disable ssl SSL support is disabled by default.
Oracle VM Agent API Oracle VM Agent 3-3 3.3 Star ting Orac le VM Agent Oracle VM Agent is s tarted automatically wh en the computer starts. T o manually start Oracle VM Agent, enter service ovs-agent start Oracle VM Agent is started.
Oracle VM Agent API 3-4 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide ■ T esting the Oracle VM Agent Connection ■ Remotely Starting a Guest wi th the Oracle VM Agent API ■ Remotely Stopping a Guest with the Oracle VM Agent API 3.7.1 T esting the Oracle VM Agent Con nection Y ou can use the do_rpc.
Oracle VM Agent Utilities Oracle VM Agent 3-5 3.7.3 Remotely Stopping a Guest with the Oracle VM Agent API Y ou can use the do_rpc.py utility to remotely stop a guest on an Oracle VM Server from another computer with Oracle VM Server installed. The following command remotely stops a guest on an Oracle VM Server: # /opt/ovs-agent-2 .
Oracle VM Agent Utilities 3-6 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide.
4 Creating a Guest 4-1 4 Creating a Guest This Chapter contains information on how to create a guest operating system. Y ou can create paravirtualized guests and hardware virtualized guests using a gues t template, or using the command-line tool virt-inst all.
Supported Guest Operating System s 4-2 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide Oracle Enterprise Linux kernels are available on the Oracle VM Server CD fo r Release 3 Update 9, and Release 4 Update 4 onward s. The kernels are also available on the Oracle Enterpris e Linux Network (UL N).
Creating a Guest Using a T empla te Creating a Guest 4-3 4.2 Mounting an ISO Y ou cannot create a guest fr om a local hard disk or CD-ROM using the virt-install command-line tool. Y ou can, however , create an installation tr ee on the host operating system, and mount it as an N FS share.
Creating a Guest Using vir t- install 4-4 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide tar -xzvf OVM_EL4U5_X86_HVM .tgz 2. Modify the vm.cfg file to change the dire ctories to that of your environment. The entries you should modify are image , kernel and ramdisk .
Creating a Guest Usin g vir t-install Creating a Guest 4-5 2. If the host is capable of cre ating a ha rd ware virtualized guest, the following question is displayed: Would you like a f ully virtualized g uest (yes or no)? Creating a har dware (fully) virtualize d guest allows yo u to run unmodified operating systems, such as Micr osoft W indows.
Creating a Guest Using vir t- install 4-6 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide 7. The following quest ion is displaye d: Would you like to enable graphics su pport (yes or no)? Graphics suppo rt determine s whether a virt ual graphics card is available to the guest.
Creating a P aravirtualized Guest Manually Creating a Guest 4-7 4.6 Creating a P aravirtualized Guest Manuall y T o manually cr eate a paravirtualized guest: 1. Create the r oot file system 2. Populate the root file system 3. Configure the gues t 4.6.
Creating a P aravirtualized Gu est Manuall y 4-8 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide 4.6.2 P opulating the Root File System The root file s ystem for the guest ma y be populated in a number of ways: ■ Copying the r oot file system of dom0 ■ Installing an operating system 1.
Creating a Hardware Vir tualized Guest Manually Creating a Guest 4-9 Hostname is the name of the virtual machine, for example, mycomputer .example.com. Make sure the name you use is unique a nd not being used by another machine. NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=mycompute r.
Creating a Hardware Vir tualized Guest Manually 4-10 Oracle VM Server User’ s Guide import os, re arch = os.uname()[ 4] if re.search('64', arch): arch_libdir = 'l ib64' else: arc.
Conv er ting a Hardware Virtualized Guest to a P aravir tualized Guest Creating a Guest 4-11 Use the same MAC addr ess as you use for the vif. If more th an one MAC addr ess is exported to the guest operatin g system, you must configure mor e network interfaces, for example, eth1, eth2.
Conv er ting a Hardware Virtua lized Guest to a P aravirtua lized Guest 4-12 Oracle VM Server User’ s Guide # virt-install -n el4u4 -f /dev/VolG roup00/el4u4 -v -c /root/Enterprise-R 4-U4-x86_64-dvd.
Conv er ting a Hardware Virtualized Guest to a P aravir tualized Guest Creating a Guest 4-13 9. Edit the /boot/grub/grub.conf file in the guest and change the default to point to this entry: title Enterprise L inux Enterprise Li nux AS (2.6.9-42.32.0.
Creating a Para vir tu al Guest with Red Hat Enter pr ise Linux 3.8 or 3.9 4-14 Oracle VM Server User’ s Guide Replace xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx with the actual MAC addr ess reported by the ifconfig command in the guest. 18. Start the guest with the xm cr eate command, for example xm create /etc/xen /el4u4 The guest is now r e ady for use.
Installing P aravir tual Drivers Creating a Guest 4-15 ifconfig eth0 10. Edit the /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp fi le to add the new MAC addr ess: vif = [ 'mac=xx:xx :xx:xx:xx:xx, brid ge=xenbr0', ] 11.
Installing P aravir tual Drivers 4-16 Oracle VM Server User’ s Guide.
5 Domain Monitor ing and Administration 5-1 5 Domain Monitoring and Administration This Chapter contains information on th e Oracle VM Server domain lifecycle, monitoring and administ ration.
Using the xm Comma nd-Line Interf ace 5-2 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide See "xm" in Appendix A, "Command-Line T ools" for detailed information on the xm command-line interface. 5.2.1 Monitoring Domains The xm top command performs r eal time monitoring of domain loads on a host.
Using the xm Command- Line Interface Domain Monitor ing and Administration 5-3.
Using the xm Comma nd-Line Interf ace 5-4 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide.
6 Domain Live Migr ation 6-1 6 Domain Live Migration This Chapter discusses live mi gration of domains to other , identical computers. Y ou must use identical computers to perform live migration s, that is, the computer make and model number must be identical.
Creating a Share d Virt ual Disk for Liv e M igration 6-2 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide 10.1.0.249:3260,1 iqn. 1992-04.com.emc:cx. apm00070202838.a0 10.1.1.249:3260,2 iqn. 1992-04.com.emc:cx. apm00070202838.a1 10.2.0.250:3260,3 iqn. 1992-04.com.
Creating a Share d Virt ual Disk for Liv e M igration Domain Live Migr ation 6-3 node: ip_port = 7777 ip_address = 10.1.1.2 number = 1 name = exa mple2.com cluster = ocfs2 cluster: node_count = 2 name = ocf s2 12. Review the status of the OCFS2 cluster service: service o2cb status 13.
Creating a Share d Virt ual Disk for Liv e M igration 6-4 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide 3. Create the OCSF2 configuration file as /etc/ocfs2/cluster .conf. The following is a sample cluster .conf file: node: ip_port = 7777 ip_address = 10.1.1.1 number = 0 name = exa mple1.
Migrating a Domain Domain Live Migr ation 6-5 3. Mount the shared virtual disk: mount /OVS/remote 6.2 Migrating a Domain T o migrate a domain from one comput er to another identical computer: 1. Create a shar ed virtual disk to us e during the domain migration.
Migrating a Domain 6-6 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide.
7 Managing Oracle VM Ser v er Repositori es 7-1 7 Managing Orac le VM Ser ver Repositories This Chapter contains information on mana ging Oracle VM Server r epositories. It contains: ■ Oracle VM Server Repositories 7.1 Orac le VM Server Repositories A repos itory is used for li ve migration of guests and for local s torage.
Oracle VM Server Repositor ies 7-2 Oracle VM Ser v er User’ s Gu ide The format of this file is: uuid options The uuid parameter is the UUID (Unive rsally Un ique Identifier) of the repository and must match the UUID of the repository in th e /etc/ovs/repositories file .
Command-Line T ools A-1 A Command-Line T ools This Appendix contains r eferences for the Oracle VM Server and Oracle VM Agent command-line tools. The command-line interfaces in this Appendix are: ■ .
ovs-agent A-2 Oracle VM Ser ver User’ s Guide o vs-agent The ovs-agent command-line tool allows you to config ure, and contr ol Oracle VM Agent. Enter parameters to the ovs- agent command-line tool in the format ovs-agent { option } See Chapter 3, "Oracle VM Agent" for examples on using the ovs-agent command-line tool.
vir t-install Command-Line T ools A-3 vir t-install The virt-install command-line tool create s paravirtualized guests and hardwar e virtualized guests. virt-install can be used as an inte ractive shell, or all parameters can be given at the same time.
vir t-install A-4 Oracle VM Ser ver User’ s Guide virt-install --mac=RAN DOM [-b val u e | --bridge= val u e ] Sets the bridge to connect guest NIC to. If none is given, attempts to determine the default. [--vnc] Use VNC (V irtual Network Computing) for graphics support.
vir t-install Command-Line T ools A-5 [--os-variant= vari a nt ] Sets the operating system variant for a fully virtualized gu est, for example, fedora6 , rhel5 , solaris10 , win2k , or vista . This parameter should be used with the os-type parameter .
vir t-install A-6 Oracle VM Ser ver User’ s Guide [-p | --paravirt] Sets the guest as being a paravirtualized guest. [-l location | --location= location ] Sets the installation sour ce for a paravirt ualized guest, for example, nfs:host:/path, http://host/path, or ftp://host/path.
xm Command-Line T ools A-7 xm The Oracle VM Server management comma nd-line management tool xm, create s, destroys , manages and migrates guests. This section contains a brief explanation of some of the more common xm commands. For full documentation, use the xm help --long command.
xm A-8 Oracle VM Ser ver User’ s Guide list [--long | -- label ] [ domain-id , ...] Displays information on all the running doma ins. The --long option displays full information on running dom ains. Enter the domain-id as an option to the xm command to get information on only that domain, or a set of domains.
xm Command-Line T ools A-9 loaded, values that wer e not set on the comm and-line are replaced by the values set in the script. [-F= file | --config= file ] Sets the domain configuration to use SXP . SXP is the underlying configuration format used by Xen.
xm A-10 Oracle VM Server User’ s Guide top Displays real time monitoring in formation of the host and domains. xm top unpause { domain-id } Unpauses a paused domain.
B Oracle VM Server Configuration File B-1 B Orac le VM Server Configuration File This Appendix contains information on the entries in the Oracle VM Server configuration file .
Oracle VM Server Configuration File B-2 Oracle VM Ser ver User’ s Guide Oracle VM Server Configuration File This section contains information on co nfiguring Oracle VM Server using the configuration file. The configuration file opti ons ar e available in the /etc/xen/xend-config.
Oracle VM Ser ver Configuration File Oracle VM Server Configuration File B-3 (xen-api-server (( 9367 pam '' /etc/x en/xen-api.key /etc/xen/ xen-api.crt))) (xen-api-server (( unix))) Oracle VM Server Options xend-http-server {yes | no } Sets the original Xen r emote interface.
Oracle VM Server Configuration File B-4 Oracle VM Ser ver User’ s Guide (xend-tcp-xmlrpc-s erver-ssl-cert-file /etc/xen/xmlrpc.crt) xend-port { por t } Sets the port Oracle VM Server should use for the HTTP interface if xend-http-server is set. The defaul t is 8000 .
Oracle VM Ser ver Configuration File Oracle VM Server Configuration File B-5 dom0-min-mem { memory } Sets the minimum memory level in Megaby tes that dom0 can use . The default is 196 . (dom0-min-mem 256) dom0-cpus { CPUs } Sets the number of CPUs that dom0 can use.
Oracle VM Server Configuration File B-6 Oracle VM Ser ver User’ s Guide.
C Guest Conf iguration F iles C-1 C Guest Configuration Files This Appendix gi ves you configuration files you can modif y and use to c reate guests. A detailed explanation of the configuration parameters and common values is available in the /etc/xe n/xmexample.
Configuration File Example 2 C-2 Oracle VM Ser ver User’ s Guide # to create "pseu do cdrom device" on /dev/loop*: # # mount ca-file server2:/vol/export /srv/ # mount -o loop ,ro /srv/osinstall/ RedHat/FC6/F-6-x86_64-D VD.
D Oracle VM Agent Architecture D-1 D Oracle VM Agent Ar chitecture This Appendix contains mor e detailed information on the architecture and deployment options for the Oracle VM Agent. It contains: ■ Oracle VM Agent Ar chitecture ■ Oracle VM Agent Deployment D .
Oracle VM Agent Deployment D-2 Oracle VM Ser ver User’ s Guide D .2 Oracle VM Agent Deployment Oracle VM Manager communicates with Orac le VM Agent to perform management of virtual machines and server pools. There are a number of configuration options you can use when deploying Oracle VM.
Oracle VM Agent Deployment Oracle VM Agent Architecture D-3 V irtual Machine Server( s ) may consume a lar ge proportion of r esources, and dedicated computers are often set aside for this.
Oracle VM Agent Deployment D-4 Oracle VM Ser ver User’ s Guide.
E T roubleshooting E-1 E T roub leshooting This Appendix contains information on tr ou bleshooting Oracle VM Server. It contains: ■ Debugging T ools ■ Using DHCP ■ Guest Console Access ■ Canno.
Using DHCP E-2 Oracle VM Server User’ s Guide E.1.2 Oracle VM Server Log Files The Oracle VM Server log files you should check when troubleshooting problems with Oracle VM Server are listed in T able E–2, " Oracle VM Server log files" E.
Guest Console Access T roubleshooting E-3 enabled in the guest’s conf iguration file, vm.cfg. Some VNC par ameters (for example, the listening addr ess and passwor d) can be configured in o ne, either , or both of the following locati ons: ■ The Oracle VM Server configuration file: /etc/xen/xend-conf ig.
Cannot Display Graphical Installer When Creating Guests E-4 Oracle VM Server User’ s Guide The following example as a VNC configuration entry in a hardware virtualized guest configuration fie: vnc = 1 # vnc=1 ena bled, 0=disabled vncconsole = 1 # vncconsol e=1 enables spawning VN C viewer for domain 's # console.
Mouse P ointer T racking Problems T roubleshooting E-5 E.6 Setting the Guest’ s Clock Paravirtualized gues ts may perfor m their own system clock management, for example, using the NTPD (Network T ime Protocol daemon), or the hypervisor may perform system clock management for all guests.
Hardware Virtualized Guest Killed E-6 Oracle VM Server User’ s Guide Restart Oracle VM Server for the changes to take effect. E.9 Hard ware Vir tualiz ed Guest Killed When running har dware virtualized guests , the QEMU pr ocess (qemu-dm) may have its memory usage grow substantially , especially under heavy I/O loads.
Attaching to a Co nsole with the Gr ub Boot Loader T roubleshooting E-7 E.12 T AP Disks with P aravir tualized Guests This releas e of Oracle VM Server does no t support tap Disks with paravirtualized guests. If you use tap di sks, you may en counter problems.
Attaching to a Console with the Grub Boot Loa der E-8 Oracle VM Server User’ s Guide.
Glossary-1 Glossary Domain A configurable set of resour ces, includin g memory , virtual CPUs, network devices and disk devices, in which virtual machines run. A domain is granted virtu al resour ces and can be started, stopped and rebooted independently .
Glossary-2 Oracle VM Agent An application installed wi th Oracle VM Server. It communicates with Oracle VM Manager for management of virtual mach ines. Or acle VM Manager manages the virtual machines running on Oracle VM Server by communicating with Oracle VM Agent.
Glossary-3 Utility Ser ver A component of Oracle VM Agent. An application that handles I/O inte nsive operations for virtual machines, server pools and servers, for example, copying, moving and r enaming files. There can be more than one Utility Server in a server pool.
Glossary-4.
Index-1 Inde x A Agent VM Server, D-1 Anaconda installation tree, 4-6 C Clock, E-5 Setting, E-5 Command line tools, E-2 Converting hardware virtualized guest to paravirtualized guest, 4-11 D Daemons O.
Index-2 Monitoring, 3-3 Server Pool Master, D-1 Starting and stopping, 3 -3 Virtual Machine Serv er, D-1 Oracle VM Manager, 1-2, Glossary-2 Oracle VM Server, Glossary-2 API, B-2 API options, B-2 Compo.
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